Introduction:<br />Some crimes are committed using natural toxins derived from plants or animals, and specialized techniques must be used to detect them.<br /><br />Context:<br />Common toxins include:<br /><br />Ricin (from castor beans)<br /><br />Atropine (from the oleander plant)<br /><br />Snake or scorpion venom<br /><br />Detection methods:<br /><br />Protein analysis using ELISA<br /><br />Mass spectrometry<br /><br />PCR to detect genetic material associated with the toxin or its source<br /><br />Importance of this type of analysis:<br /><br />Proving the use of the toxin as a means of killing or poisoning<br /><br />Identifying the type and source of the toxin<br /><br />Determining the relationship between the victim and the toxin<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />Biological detection of plant and animal toxins is a scientific challenge, but it is essential for uncovering convincing murders.<br />Al-Mustaqbal University – The First University in Iraq