Biofertilizers are products containing beneficial microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, or microalgae) that support plant nutrition by:<br /><br />Fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil<br />Converting phosphate and potassium from non-absorbable forms to usable forms<br />Secreting plant growth stimulants (such as natural hormones)<br />Activating the soil and increasing its content of beneficial microorganisms<br /><br />Advantages of Using Biofertilizers<br /><br />Promoting crop growth in a natural and safe way<br /><br />Reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers, thus reducing costs<br /><br />Improving soil structure and increasing its organic content<br /><br />Contributing to environmental protection and reducing pollution<br /><br />Supporting the transition to organic farming and environmentally friendly practices<br /><br />Methods of Applying Biofertilizers<br /><br />Seed treatment: Soaking seeds in a solution containing microbes before planting<br />Direct application to the soil: Mixing the fertilizer with the soil before planting<br />Foliar spraying: A method sometimes used to deliver organisms directly to the plant<br />Root injection: Used in some modern and protected agriculture systems<br /><br />Biofertilizers are a promising method for achieving safe and sustainable agriculture, combining improved agricultural production with conservation Environment. Investing in scientific research, educating farmers, and providing government support can expand its use and make it a key component of the future of smart agriculture.<br /><br /><br />Al-Mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq.