Corneal topography is one of the most valuable advancements in the field of optometry and ophthalmology. It provides a detailed 3D map of the anterior surface of the cornea, significantly aiding in the diagnosis of abnormal refractive conditions such as keratoconus, irregular astigmatism, and post-refractive surgery complications.<br /><br />This technology utilizes devices like Pentacam, Orbscan, or Placido-based systems, which analyze corneal curvature and reflected light patterns to generate color-coded maps. Warmer colors (red/orange) represent steeper or higher refractive power areas, while cooler colors (blue/green) indicate flatter or lower power zones.<br /><br />One of the most crucial clinical applications of corneal topography is in assessing candidacy for refractive surgeries such as LASIK or Femto-LASIK. It is also essential for monitoring the progression of corneal diseases and for planning intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation.<br /><br />Combining corneal topography with anterior and posterior ocular wavefront analysis has become an indispensable diagnostic approach for every optometrist and ophthalmologist, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and optimizing both visual and surgical treatment strategies.