Enzymes are among the most important molecules that the body relies upon to carry out thousands of biochemical reactions accurately and rapidly. They aid in digestion, energy production, hormone regulation, and detoxification, in addition to their role in cell growth and tissue repair. Although they operate with high efficiency, their function can be influenced by several factors that may slow down their activity or lead to partial loss of function. One of the most critical factors is temperature. Enzymes function within a specific temperature range; excessively high temperatures can cause denaturation, while extremely low temperatures can slow down the reaction rate. This is why the body meticulously maintains its normal temperature to ensure optimal enzymatic activity. The pH level also plays a significant role in determining enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it functions most efficiently. For example, stomach enzymes work in a highly acidic environment, while intestinal enzymes operate in a more alkaline medium. Additionally, the concentration of substrates affects the rate of enzymatic reactions. As the substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate accelerates up to a certain point, after which the enzyme becomes saturated and cannot work any faster. This balance is crucial for maintaining the stability of biological processes. The role of inhibitors and activators cannot be overlooked. Some substances in the body may activate enzymes and enhance their activity, while others inhibit them, whether due to natural physiological reasons or as a result of medication intake or exposure to environmental pollutants. Furthermore, deficiencies in vitamins and minerals significantly impact enzyme function, as many enzymes require coenzymes, such as B vitamins, for activation. A shortage of these elements reduces enzymatic activity and disrupts certain biochemical reactions. Finally, genetic factors play a role in determining the structure of certain enzymes and, consequently, their efficiency. Some individuals may be born with enzymes that function less effectively or are entirely absent, leading to various metabolic disorders. Understanding these factors helps emphasize the importance of proper nutrition, maintaining overall body health, and avoiding unnecessary exposure to pollutants and chemicals. Enzymes are the fundamental drivers of the body, and any disruption in their function directly impacts energy levels and overall health. Al-Mustaqbal University - Ranked First Among Iraqi Private Universities