A scientific article by Professor Murtadha Haider Hassan, titled "Modern Applications of Nanotechnology in Medicine and Disease Diagnosis," was published. Nanotechnology is considered one of the most prominent scientific innovations that has revolutionized numerous fields, most notably medicine. By manipulating materials at the molecular and atomic level (1–100 nanometers), it has become possible to develop precise tools and systems capable of improving disease diagnosis .1. Nanotechnology in Medical Diagnosis A. Nanosensors These are used for the early detection of diseases by monitoring minute biochemical changes in bodily fluids such as blood and saliva. Advantages: Detection of diseases at very early stages.