Photosynthesis is one of the most essential biological processes carried out by plants, algae, and some bacteria. It forms the foundation upon which life on Earth depends. Through this process, plants convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds such as sugars, which serve as the primary source of food for living organisms. 1. Oxygen Production Photosynthesis is the main source of atmospheric oxygen. During the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into food, plants release oxygen as a by-product, which is necessary for the respiration of humans and animals and for natural combustion processes on Earth. 2. Absorption of Carbon Dioxide Plants play a crucial role in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide, one of the main greenhouse gases. Photosynthesis helps balance atmospheric gases and reduces the effects of climate change. 3. Source of Energy and Food The organic compounds produced through photosynthesis are the basis for all food chains. Plants feed herbivores, herbivores feed carnivores, and so on. Even humans rely directly and indirectly on this process for their daily nutrition. 4. Supporting Ecosystems Photosynthesis sustains ecosystems by providing energy, preserving soil through plant roots, and contributing to water balance through transpiration, which helps form clouds and generate rainfall. 5. Economic and Environmental Importance This process impacts agriculture, forestry, livestock production, biofuel generation, and many natural resources. Therefore, protecting vegetation and maintaining ecological balance are essential for the continuity of efficient photosynthesis. Al-Mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq.