تاريخ النشر الصنف اللغة الصورة الملفات المسموح بها: JPG, PNG | الحد الأعلى 500 كيلوبايت | يجب أن تكون الصورة مربعة أو أفقية الصور الإضافية (حتى 3) — مطلوبة صورة واحدة على الأقل صورة 1 JPG/PNG ≤ 500KB إزالة صورة 2 JPG/PNG ≤ 500KB إزالة صورة 3 JPG/PNG ≤ 500KB إزالة إضافة مرفق إضافةإلغاء One of the most prominent challenges is the massive increase in cyberattacks targeting both governmental and private-sector systems. Advanced types of malicious software have emerged, such as ransomware, which encrypts a victim’s data and extorts them in exchange for decryption. There has also been a rise in hacking attempts that exploit technical vulnerabilities in outdated networks and systems. Another major issue is the lack of cybersecurity awareness among users. Many breaches begin with a simple mistake, such as clicking an unknown link or using weak passwords. As reliance on digital services continues to grow, fostering a culture of cybersecurity has become essential. Additionally, the complexity of digital infrastructure poses its own challenges. Companies now rely on cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence. Although these technologies offer significant benefits, they also create new points of weakness that attackers may exploit if proper security measures are not in place. Moreover, countries struggle to develop laws and regulations that keep pace with the rapid digital transformation, leaving legal gaps that complicate dealing with cross-border cybercrimes, especially with the difficulty of tracing anonymous attackers To overcome these challenges, global cooperation between governments and companies is crucial, along with adopting strong security strategies that include continuous system updates, advanced encryption technologies, and training personnel to handle cyberattacks. Raising user awareness is also a fundamental step in creating a safe digital environment. Cybersecurity is no longer an option—it has become an urgent necessity to protect data and digital infrastructures in the modern era, especially as technology continues to expand and the world increasingly depends on electronic systems in all aspects of life. Tabarak amir Al-Mustaqbal university is the top-ranked among Iraqi universities.