Pioneers in the field of stem cell use have demonstrated that retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) derived from human embryonic stem cells can be safely transplanted into the eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Two research teams reported preliminary results at the 2017 American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting on the use of RPEs derived from human embryonic stem cells in patients with age-related dry macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease. Al-Mustaqbal University, the leading university in Iraq