Global Warming: Causes and Solutions Global warming is one of the most serious environmental challenges facing the world in the modern era. It is a phenomenon that refers to the gradual rise in the Earth's atmospheric temperature due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, leading to severe climate changes that negatively impact ecosystems, the economy, and human health. --- Causes of Global Warming 1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide, resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) in industry, transportation, and energy production. 2. Deforestation: Trees absorb carbon dioxide, and when they are cut down, this absorption decreases, increasing its accumulation in the atmosphere. 3. Agricultural Activities: The use of fertilizers and livestock farming lead to the release of large quantities of methane and nitrous oxide. 4. Solid Waste: The decomposition of organic waste in landfills produces methane, one of the most potent greenhouse gases. --- Effects of Global Warming Rising global temperatures. Melting polar ice and rising sea levels. Increased extreme weather events such as hurricanes and floods. Threats to biodiversity and the extinction of some species. Negative impact on agriculture and food security. --- Proposed Solutions to Reduce Global Warming 1. Transition to Renewable Energy Sources: Such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. 2. Afforestation and Forest Restoration: Planting more trees to enhance the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 3. Improving Energy Efficiency: Using modern technologies in industry and transportation to reduce energy consumption. 4. Reducing Meat Consumption: Contributing to a reduction in methane emissions from livestock farming. 5. Recycling and Sustainable Waste Management 6. Environmental Awareness and Education: Raising awareness about the importance of environmental protection and encouraging individuals to adopt sustainable lifestyles. --- Conclusion Global warming is not a problem specific to any one country; it is a global issue that requires international cooperation and concerted efforts. Through environmental awareness and changes in our daily lifestyles, every individual can contribute to protecting planet Earth and ensuring a secure future for generations to come. Al-Mustaqbal University, the leading university in Iraq