Rheumatism is a general term referring to a group of diseases that affect the joints and connective tissues, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. Rheumatic diseases are chronic conditions that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. ⸻ Definition of Rheumatism Rheumatism is not a single disease, but rather encompasses more than 100 different conditions, including: • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Gout • Osteoarthritis ⸻ Causes of Rheumatism The exact causes of some rheumatic diseases are still unknown, but several factors are believed to play a role, including: • Genetic factors: A family history of rheumatic diseases increases the likelihood of developing them. • Immunological factors: Many rheumatic diseases result from a malfunction in the immune system. • Infections: Some infections can contribute to the immune system overreacting. • Environmental and Lifestyle Factors: Such as smoking, lack of exercise, and obesity. ⸻ Symptoms of Rheumatism Symptoms vary depending on the type of rheumatism, but common symptoms include: • Joint pain and swelling • Stiffness, especially in the morning • General fatigue • Weight loss • Occasionally a slight fever ⸻ Diagnosis The diagnosis of rheumatism relies on: • Clinical examination • Blood tests (such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and antibodies like RF and ANA) • X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ⸻ Treatment There is no cure for rheumatism, but symptoms can be managed and disease progression slowed through: • Medications: Anti-inflammatories, steroids, and immunomodulators such as methotrexate. • Physical therapy: To improve joint mobility and strengthen muscles. • A healthy diet: To reduce inflammation and improve immunity. • Surgery: In some advanced cases to correct deformities. Al-Mustaqbal University, the leading university in Iraq.