Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a key branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. It combines techniques from computer science, linguistics, and machine learning to analyze text and speech data. NLP is widely used in applications such as machine translation, chatbots, sentiment analysis, speech recognition, and text summarization. Modern NLP systems rely on deep learning models, especially transformer-based architectures, which have significantly improved language understanding and generation. As NLP continues to evolve, it plays an essential role in enhancing human–computer interaction and automating language-based tasks across many domains.