Water scarcity and the lack of sufficient water resources have become among the most serious challenges facing societies and states in the modern era. This crisis has intensified rapidly as a result of several interrelated factors, foremost among them continuous population growth, which places immense pressure on already limited water resources. Water is a fundamental pillar of life and development, serving as the backbone of vital sectors such as drinking supply, agriculture, industry, and energy. As populations increase year after year, demand for water rises at a pace that exceeds the ability of natural systems and governments to provide it, leading to a clear imbalance between water supply and demand. Rapid population growth imposes profound challenges on countries, particularly those suffering from water scarcity. An expanding population leads to higher domestic water consumption, the expansion of agricultural land to meet growing food needs, and the growth of industrial and service activities, all of which require substantial quantities of water. Given the limited nature of renewable water resources, such as rivers and groundwater, many countries resort to excessive extraction, resulting in declining groundwater levels, the drying up of rivers and lakes, and a deterioration in water quality due to pollution and increased concentrations of harmful substances. The impact of population growth is not limited to the quantitative dimension of water availability but extends to its quality as well. Unplanned urban expansion contributes to rising volumes of wastewater and solid waste, which are often discharged without adequate treatment. This process contaminates freshwater sources and renders them unsuitable for human use. Consequently, the water crisis deepens in many countries, as available water becomes insufficient to meet actual needs for drinking and agriculture, thereby negatively affecting food security, public health, and social stability. Furthermore, water scarcity driven by population growth undermines sustainable development efforts. Governments face increasing difficulties in providing basic services, including safe drinking water and sanitation systems, and are often compelled to invest heavily in alternative water sources, such as desalination or long-distance water transfer projects. These solutions impose significant economic burdens, particularly on developing countries. Over time, persistent water shortages may contribute to higher levels of poverty and unemployment, as well as increased internal and cross-border migration from water-stressed areas to regions with relatively better resources, placing additional strain on urban centers and infrastructure. The severity of the problem is further amplified when population growth intersects with other factors such as climate change and poor water resource management. Declining rainfall and prolonged droughts occur at a time when water demand continues to rise, creating conditions that may lead to local or regional conflicts among communities or states sharing common water resources. In this context, water scarcity is not merely an environmental issue but a developmental and security concern that requires comprehensive strategies addressing population growth and its direct impact on natural resources. In light of these challenges, addressing water scarcity in the context of population growth necessitates the adoption of effective policies aimed at managing population growth, promoting water conservation, and improving the efficiency of water use across all sectors, particularly agriculture. It also requires investment in modern technologies for water treatment and reuse, alongside strengthening public awareness of the importance of preserving this vital resource. Water is the foundation of life, and ensuring its sustainability is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving stability and development for present and future generations.