Many marine organisms help naturally purify water of pollutants and harmful substances through biological processes they perform while feeding, respiring, or growing. The most important of these organisms are:
1. Oysters and mussels (filter mollusks):
Filter water through their gills while feeding.
Remove small particles such as algae, bacteria, and some harmful minerals from the water.
A single oyster can purify dozens of liters of water per day.
2. Algae and phytoplankton:
Absorb excess nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) that pollute the water.
Perform photosynthesis, producing oxygen and helping maintain water balance.
3. Marine bacteria:
Decompose organic matter and waste in the water.
Some species are capable of breaking down dangerous pollutants such as oil and chemicals.
4. Seagrasses and mangrove trees:
Absorb pollutants from water and soil.
Their roots help stabilize the soil and prevent the transfer of pollutants.
5. Some fish and crustaceans:
Feed on microorganisms and organic waste from the seabed.
They contribute to cleaning the marine environment of harmful sediments.
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