Tonsillitis in Children
Introduction
Tonsillitis is one of the most common illnesses in children. It occurs due to a viral or bacterial infection that affects the tonsils—two masses of lymphoid tissue located at the back of the throat. The tonsils play an important role in the body’s immune defense, but when infected, they can cause bothersome symptoms that require prompt treatment to avoid complications.
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Causes of Tonsillitis
1. Viral Infections (most common):
• Such as cold and flu viruses.
• Viral tonsillitis is usually mild and resolves on its own within a few days.
2. Bacterial Infections:
• Most commonly caused by Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes).
• This type often requires antibiotic treatment.
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Symptoms of Tonsillitis in Children
• Sore throat and pain.
• Red, swollen tonsils, sometimes with white or yellow spots (pus).
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Fever.
• Headache.
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
• Bad breath.
• Loss of appetite.
• Hoarseness or changes in voice.
• Sometimes: ear pain or abdominal pain, especially in younger children.
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Diagnosis of Tonsillitis
Doctors rely on:
• Physical examination: Observing the appearance of the throat and tonsils.
• Throat swab: To detect streptococcal bacteria.
• Blood tests: Occasionally done in unclear cases.
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Treatment of Tonsillitis
First: Based on the Cause
1. Viral Tonsillitis:
• Does not require antibiotics.
• Treated with fever reducers and pain relievers like paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen.
2. Bacterial (Streptococcal) Tonsillitis:
• Treated with antibiotics (usually penicillin or amoxicillin).
• It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve.
Second: Home Care
• Complete rest.
• Plenty of warm fluids.
• Saltwater gargles (for older children).
• Soft foods.
• Humidifying the child’s room.
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When to See a Doctor
• Fever lasting more than 3 days.
• Severe difficulty in swallowing or breathing.
• Ear pain or stiff neck.
• Frequent infections (more than 5 times a year).
• No improvement with treatment.
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Does the Child Need a Tonsillectomy?
Tonsil removal is recommended in certain cases, such as:
• Very frequent infections (usually 7 or more in one year).
• Chronic tonsillitis that does not respond to treatment.
• Enlarged tonsils causing breathing difficulties or sleep apnea.