Forensic evidence is the evidence used in criminal investigations to determine whether a crime has been committed and who is responsible. It plays a crucial role in building and documenting cases, helping judicial authorities uncover the truth.
Types of Forensic Evidence:
1. Physical Evidence: Includes weapons, clothing, hair, fibers, and fingerprints.
2. Biological Evidence: Consists of blood, semen, hair, skin cells, and DNA samples.
3. Digital Evidence: Includes data stored on electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones.
4. Testimonial Evidence: Comprises witness and suspect statements.
5. Forensic Medical Evidence: Includes autopsy reports that determine the cause of death, injuries, or wounds.
6. Chemical Evidence: Involves substances such as drugs, toxins, or any chemical materials related to the crime.
The Role of Forensic Evidence in Investigations:
• Ensuring Justice: Forensic evidence helps confirm or refute a suspect’s involvement in a crime.
• Proving Guilt or Innocence: It can be crucial in convicting or acquitting a suspect.
• Guiding Investigations: It can determine the time and location of a crime and direct investigators toward the right leads.
Challenges in Forensic Evidence:
• Evidence Analysis: Requires specialized expertise and advanced technology.
• Handling and Preservation: Proper storage and handling are necessary to prevent tampering or loss.
• Human Perception: Witness statements and testimonies can sometimes be inaccurate or misleading.
Forensic evidence is one of the essential pillars in modern judicial systems, continuously evolving as a crucial field in criminal investigations.
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