Carbohydrates are one of the most important organic compounds the body needs. They are the primary source of energy for living organisms. They are found in many foods, such as bread, rice, potatoes, and fruits, and are essential for brain and muscle activity.
Types of Carbohydrates:
1. Simple Sugars (Monosaccharides and Disaccharides):
• Monosaccharides, such as glucose (grape sugar), fructose (fruit sugar).
• Disaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar).
2. Complex Sugars (Polysaccharides):
• Starch (in plants), glycogen (in the liver and muscles), cellulose (in plant cell walls).
Functions of Carbohydrates in the Body:
• A major source of energy: The body converts glucose into energy used by cells.
• Energy storage: Stored in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscles.
• Cell structure: Part of the structure of some important molecules, such as nucleic acids and tissues.
• Regulation of bodily functions: Some carbohydrates play a role in transmitting signals between cells.
Importance of Carbohydrates in Food:
• Provides the calories needed for movement and concentration.
• It is found in naturally high-fiber foods, such as whole grains and vegetables.
• Fiber, a type of indigestible carbohydrate, contributes to improved digestion and blood sugar regulation.
Carbohydrates and Health:
• Excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates, such as artificial sweeteners, can lead to:
• Weight gain.
• Insulin resistance and diabetes.
• Health problems such as tooth decay and heart disease.
• Moderation and balance are key: It is preferable to eat complex, slow-absorbing carbohydrates, such as whole-grain bread and oatmeal.