Rheumatism: A Scientific Overview
Rheumatism is a general term that refers to various conditions affecting the joints and connective tissues, often characterized by pain, swelling, and stiffness. Rheumatic diseases are usually chronic and can significantly affect a patient’s quality of life.
⸻
Definition of Rheumatism
Rheumatism is not a single disease but encompasses over 100 different conditions, including:
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Gout
• Osteoarthritis
⸻
Causes of Rheumatism
The exact causes of many rheumatic diseases are not fully understood, but several contributing factors have been identified:
• Genetic factors: A family history may increase the risk.
• Autoimmune reactions: Many rheumatic diseases are autoimmune in nature.
• Infections: Some infections may trigger abnormal immune responses.
• Environmental and lifestyle factors: Such as smoking, lack of physical activity, and obesity.
⸻
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the specific condition, but common signs include:
• Joint pain and swelling
• Morning stiffness
• Fatigue
• Unintentional weight loss
• Low-grade fever (sometimes)
⸻
Diagnosis
Diagnosing rheumatism involves:
• Clinical examination
• Blood tests (e.g., ESR, RF, ANA)
• Imaging (X-ray, MRI) to assess joint damage and inflammation
⸻
Treatment
Although there is no definitive cure for rheumatism, symptoms can be managed effectively through:
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate.
• Physical therapy: To maintain joint mobility and muscle strength.
• Healthy diet: To reduce inflammation and support the immune system.
• Surgery: In advanced cases, to correct joint deformities or replace damaged joints.