Computed Tomography (CT): A Revolution in the Detection of Tumors and Heart Diseases
By Lecturer Mustafa Khalil Hassan
Introduction
Since the emergence of medical imaging technologies, computed tomography (CT-Scan) has represented a major breakthrough in disease diagnosis, as it relies on X-rays combined with computer processing to produce highly accurate cross-sectional, three-dimensional images of the body. Today, it has become one of the essential tools for detecting tumors and heart diseases, helping doctors achieve early diagnosis and develop effective treatment plans.
The Principle of CT Imaging
The CT scanner works by rotating an X-ray tube around the patient, emitting hundreds of rays from different angles. A computer then compiles this data to produce precise cross-sectional images that can later be combined to display a three-dimensional model of the organs.
The Role of CT in Detecting Tumors
Early diagnosis: Enables detection of tumors even in their initial stages.
Determining tumor location and size: Assists surgeons in planning accurate surgical interventions.
Monitoring treatment response: For example, evaluating tumor size after chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Tumor differentiation: When combined with other techniques such as PET-CT, it can distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.
The Role of CT in Diagnosing Heart Diseases
Detecting coronary artery stenosis: Through imaging the arteries with contrast dye.
Diagnosing heart attacks: Helps in the rapid and accurate detection of arterial blockages.
Assessing heart muscle condition: Shows the extent of damage after heart attacks.
3D imaging of the heart: Provides doctors with a detailed view of the internal structure of the heart and vessels.
Advantages
Very high speed in completing examinations.
Extreme accuracy in details compared to traditional X-rays.
Ability to produce three-dimensional images of organs.
A vital tool in emergency departments for detecting bleeding or clots.
Challenges and Risks
Radiation exposure: The dose is higher than that of standard X-rays.
Contrast dye allergy: Some patients may suffer allergic reactions.
High cost: Both for the devices and the examinations.
Conclusion
Computed Tomography (CT) is truly a revolution in medical diagnostics. It has greatly contributed to saving thousands of lives through early detection of tumors and heart diseases. With the continuous advancement of modern technologies such as Low-dose CT and the integration of Artificial Intelligence, this method is expected to become even safer and more accurate in the coming years.
Al-Mustaqbal University – the First University in Iraq