Prepared by: Ms. Tabarak Ahmed Turki Al-Azzawi
Introduction:
Kidney stones are solid deposits that form inside the kidneys due to the accumulation of minerals and salts. They are a common health issue affecting people of all ages and can cause severe pain and complications if not properly treated.
Causes:
The formation of kidney stones can result from several factors, including:
1. Insufficient water intake: Low fluid consumption increases the concentration of minerals in the urine, facilitating stone formation.
2. Dietary habits: Consuming large amounts of salt, animal protein, or foods high in oxalates (such as spinach and chocolate) increases the risk of kidney stones.
3. Genetic factors: A family history of kidney stones raises the likelihood of developing them.
4. Certain health conditions: Such as hyperparathyroidism, obesity, high blood pressure, or diabetes.
5. Some medications and supplements: Including high doses of vitamin D or calcium supplements.
Symptoms:
Symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the stones, and may include:
• Severe pain in the back, lower abdomen, or flank.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Change in urine color to red or brown.
• Frequent urination or a burning sensation while urinating.
• Sometimes small stones do not cause symptoms and are discovered accidentally.
Prevention:
The risk of developing kidney stones can be reduced by following several preventive measures:
1. Drink adequate amounts of water daily (about 2–3 liters for adults).
2. Follow a balanced diet: Reduce salt, animal protein, and foods high in oxalates.
3. Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly.
4. Regular medical check-ups: Especially for individuals with a family history or chronic diseases affecting the kidneys.
5. Avoid certain medications or supplements without consulting a doctor.
Conclusion:
Kidney stones are a common health problem that can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, drinking water regularly, and paying attention to dietary habits. Early detection and awareness of symptoms help prevent complications and maintain kidney health and overall quality of life.
Al-Mustaqbal University the First in Iraq