Prepared by: Ms. Tabarak Ahmed Turki Al-Azzawi

Introduction
Salt (sodium chloride) is a fundamental component of the human diet and plays an important role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. However, excessive consumption of salt is linked to a number of health issues, most notably its negative impact on the kidneys—the primary organs responsible for eliminating excess salts and maintaining their levels in the body.
The Kidneys and Their Role in Regulating Salts
The kidneys play a key role in filtering waste from the blood and regulating sodium and potassium levels. When large amounts of salt are consumed, the kidneys are forced to work harder to remove the excess sodium, which can lead to elevated blood pressure and gradual kidney strain.
Harmful Effects of Excessive Salt on the Kidneys
1. High Blood Pressure
Excessive sodium intake contributes to water retention in the body, which increases blood volume and, consequently, raises blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and leads to a gradual decline in kidney function.
2. Increased Risk of Kidney Stones
High salt consumption is associated with increased calcium levels in the urine, which raises the likelihood of kidney stone formation, particularly calcium stones—the most common type of kidney stones.
3. Accelerated Kidney Damage in CKD Patients
In individuals with impaired kidney function, high salt intake worsens the condition and accelerates the loss of kidney function. It also exacerbates fluid retention and high blood pressure, placing additional strain on already damaged kidneys.
Conclusion
Overconsumption of salt has clear and harmful effects on kidney health. It is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease and kidney stone formation. Increasing dietary awareness and encouraging reduced salt intake—especially among individuals at risk of kidney problems—is essential to preserve kidney function and prevent serious health complications.

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