Heating and cooling systems in buildings have witnessed significant advancements in recent decades, aiming to achieve high thermal comfort while reducing energy consumption. One of the most efficient and innovative systems is the Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating and Cooling System, which operates by circulating hot or chilled water through a network of pipes embedded in the floor, ensuring uniform and efficient thermal distribution.

System Operation

Heat or Cooling Source: For heating, water is heated using boilers or heat pumps at low temperatures (30–45°C). For cooling, water is chilled by chillers or geothermal systems to (16–20°C).

Pipe Network: Typically made of PEX or copper pipes, arranged in spiral or grid patterns to ensure uniform distribution.

Thermal Energy Transfer: In heating mode, heat transfers from hot water through the pipes to the floor and then radiates into the room. In cooling mode, cold water absorbs heat from the floor and the indoor air, providing gentle cooling without drafts.

Advantages of the Hydronic System

Energy Efficiency: Operates at moderate water temperatures, reducing fuel and electricity use.

Uniform Distribution: Eliminates unbalanced hot or cold zones.

Health Benefits: Reduces dust circulation compared to conventional HVAC systems.

Design Flexibility: Hidden under the floor, allowing greater freedom in interior design.

Renewable Integration: Can be combined with solar thermal systems or geothermal sources.

Design Considerations

Thermal insulation of the floor to minimize losses.

Pipe spacing (10–20 cm) for balanced coverage.

Concrete layer thickness for effective storage and transfer.

Smart controls with thermostats and humidity sensors to avoid condensation.

Treated water to prevent scaling and clogging.

Practical Applications

Residential buildings, especially in cold climates.

Commercial spaces such as hotels and offices.

Medical and educational institutions for a healthy indoor environment.

Conclusion

The hydronic radiant floor heating and cooling system represents a sustainable and efficient solution that combines energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and architectural aesthetics. It reduces energy consumption, improves indoor air quality, and supports green building concepts. This system contributes to achieving SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy and SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.

Almustaqbal University, The First University in Iraq.

Goal 4