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Administrative Divisions Al-Mustaqbal Energy Research Center

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Al-Mustaqbal Energy Research Center

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24 March 2025

Superb photocatalytic H2 production/tetracycline pollutant degradation by synthesizing novel and recyclable ternary g-C3N4- based photocatalyst: Characterization/optimization/mechanism/ toxicity assessment

Solar-driven photocatalysis depicts an effective efficiency for producing hydrogen via water splitting, as well as for CO2 reduction and the degradation of hazardous pollutants in aqueous environment, playing a vital role in addressing the challenges associated with the environmental and energy crises. This study presents a synthesis of a Strontium Titanate/Zinc Oxide/Graphitic Carbon Nitride photocatalyst via an integrated sonochemical and wet impregnation method. The photocatalytic efficiency of various content (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 % wt%) of 40 wt% Titanate/Zinc Oxide loaded on Graphitic Carbon were investigated, with the 30 % loading demonstrating optimal performance. A complete identification of the synthesized materials was carried out using XPS, XRD, BET, TEM, DRS, SEM, EIS, Photocurrent, ESR, PL, and Mott–Schottky analyses. The BET scrutiny indicated a type IV isotherm with H2 hysteresis, representing a mesoporous construction. The improved photocatalytic activity of optimized composite was due to its structural features facilitating efficient electron-hole separation and charge transfer. RSM optimization identified the key parameters for achieving high Cefixime (CFX) degradation efficiency (96 %) at 29.91 mg/L CFX concentration, pH 4.55, 78 min of reaction time, and 0.65 g/L catalyst dosage. LC-MS analysis unveiled two proposed pathways for CFX photodegradation, and trapping experiments and ESR analysis highlighted superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as significant contributors. The synthesized photocatalyst exhibited excellent stability and reusability over five cycles. Hydrogen production showed an initial increase with Strontium Titanate/Zinc Oxide loading, peaking at 645.62 μmol g−1 h−1 at 30 wt%, before declining due to potential electron trapping effects. Notably, the SrZg-30 photocatalyst demonstrated a significantly higher CO production rate (0.97 μmol g−1 h−1) compared to SrTiO3/ZnO and g-C3N4 components. This work offers a viable approach to developing eco-friendly photocatalysts to tackle pressing environmental and energy crises. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/

24 March 2025

Multi-thermal recovery layout for a sustainable power and cooling production by biomass-based multi-generation system: Techno- economic-environmental analysis and ANN-GA optimization

This paper presents a ground-breaking design for a multigeneration system capable of simultaneously producing electricity, hydrogen, and cooling loads. This research advances sustainable energy systems by introducing an innovative design that optimally utilizes waste heat and integrates biomass gasification with advanced thermodynamic cycles. It also provides a model for future studies on carbon emission reduction and improved efficiency. The proposed system effectively harnesses waste heat from the Brayton cycle to drive the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, steam Rankine cycle, absorption refrigeration, and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. This approach improves overall efficiency and offers a promising solution for integrated energy generation. Additionally, employing the sCO2 cycle provides high thermal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and lower environmental impacts compared to traditional power generation methods. Extensive evaluations, including techno-economic and environmental analyses, confirm the system s practicality and potential for future commercial application. Additionally, a parametric investigation of five essential design parameters provides important insights into the system s performance and flexibility. Analysing the proposed system determined that the gasifier-Bryton unit has the highest irreversibility and cost rate among other subsystems. A novel approach combining artificial neural networks (ANN) with a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) has been developed to optimize the system, substantially reducing computational time and costs associated with system performance analysis. According to the three-objective optimization, the system in the optimal operating mode provides 45.89 kg/h of hydrogen with an exergy efficiency of 33.15 % and a total cost rate of 159.5 $/h. After the optimization process, significant achievements have been observed, including a 5.02 % improvement in exergy efficiency, an increase of 7.29 kg/h of hydrogen production, and a decrease of 0.1 ton/MW in the CO2 emission index. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S2214157X24016204

23 March 2025

Renewable energy/freshwater security goals in urban areas through geothermal-based desalination system: Central composite design analysis and optimization

This research aims to analyze and enhance a tri-generation energy system that utilizes geothermal energy for producing power from heat extracted from the geothermal source, along with freshwater and heating. To achieve this, the study employed the central composite design method from response surface methodology. The system comprises a double-flash geothermal configuration, a desalination component, and a transcritical carbon dioxide Rankine cycle. A Pareto analysis was performed to pinpoint and rank the most critical factors affecting the system s performance, while residual analysis assessed the precision of the central composite design approach. The analysis of variance offered a numerical evaluation of how processing parameters influenced power generation, heating output, freshwater yield, and overall system efficiency. In the end, the central composite design method facilitated the optimization of system performance. Findings from the Pareto analysis indicated that the geothermal source temperature had the greatest influence on power production, hot water output, and overall efficiency, while the mass flow rate of the geothermal source primarily affected freshwater generation. Under optimal operating conditions, the system was able to generate a power output of 1191.8 kW, produce 64.89 kg/s of hot water, generate 4.94 kg/s of freshwater, and achieve an efficiency of 59.96 %. This study illustrates the significance of transforming heat extracted from the geothermal source into valuable energy and emphasizes the advantages of integrated systems for converting heat extracted from the geothermal source into power, heating, and freshwater. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S0960148124023346

23 March 2025

Heat transfer enhancement inside a constant temperature pipe via clockwise and counter-clockwise twisted triangle turbulators, applicable in IC engine system

Heat transfer enhancement inside a constant temperature pipe via clockwise and counter-clockwise twisted triangle turbulators, applicable in IC engine system

23 March 2025

The College of Engineering and Engineering Technologies holds the third clean energy forum

This study unveils a specialised swirl flow generator called the twisted hyperbolic turbulator for implementation in heat exchangers. The design of this geometry aims to induce bidirectional swirling flow. The water fluid flows through a heated tube at Reynolds numbers ranging from 2316 to 5096. This study examined the thermal-frictional effects of the new turbulator at various twisting angles ranging from 60 to 360°. The results indicated that as the twist angle rises, heat transfer also increases because of the fluid s intensified swirling and radial motion. Under ideal circumstances, a twist angle of 360° results in a notable increase in heat transfer by 256 % and a pressure drop by 625 %, accompanied by a TEF of 1.84. Longitudinal perforations were added to the selected turbulator at varying dimensionless distances (R = h/r) from the center, ranging from 9 to 3.6, with dimensionless hole diameters (P = h/d) ranging from 9 to 4.5. The results indicated that as the hole distance from the center of the tube increased, the TEF decreased while increasing the diameter of the perforations led to an improvement in TEF. The optimal configuration was found to be at P = 4.5, located at R = 6, resulting in a TEF of 2.02. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S2214157X24016976

22 March 2025

Visit of the Dean of the Technical Institute / Musayyib, Dr. Malik Nehme Al-Khazraji, to the Al-Mustaqbal Energy Research Center

The Dean of the Technical Institute / Musayyib, Dr. Malik Nehme Al-Khazraji, visited the Al-Mustaqbal Center for Energy Research and was received by the Director of the Center, Dr. Silwan Obaid Wahid, and the purpose of the visit was to see the equipment in the center, the visit has borne fruit with scientific proposals. With participation and cooperation in supporting sober scientific research in international journals, writing books, joint work in patents and postgraduate discussions for those with scientific titles.

22 March 2025

Energy Research Center Advisory Office

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22 March 2025

Numerical investigation on thermal-fractional characteristics inside a heated tube enhanced with a novel grooved cone turbulator Abstract:

This study introduces a novel grooved cone turbulator (GCT) designed to enhance the thermal efficiency of a heated tube. The performance of the GCT-equipped tube was compared to that of a simple cone turbulator (SCT) and a plain tube. To investigate the impact of the GCT's geometric characteristics on hydrothermal parameters, tests were conducted on varying groove diameters (2.5- 10 mm), twist angles (0-270°), and pitch lengths (40-70 mm). The results demonstrate that heat transfer is directly correlated with both groove diameter and twist angle, while it is inversely correlated with pitch length. Notably, the use of the GCT increased the Nusselt number and friction factor by as much as 762% compared to the plain tube and by 221 % compared to the SCT- equipped tube. Among the three configurations tested-plain tube, SCT-equipped tube, and GCT-equipped tube-the GCT achieved the highest thermal enhancement factor (TEF) of 3.42. This optimal TEF of 3.42 was attained with a GCT featuring a twist angle of 90°, a groove diameter of 10 mm, and a pitch length of 5 cm.