The engineer in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Ghasaq Abbas Noor, wrote an article entitled (Organic Substances). The content of the article was: Organic substances are compounds that contain carbon as a main element in their composition. These compounds include many biological substances such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Organic matter is essential for life, as it consists of the basic components of living organisms and plays an important role in many vital processes.<br /><br /> Proteins are among the most important organic substances, as they make up a large portion of tissues and muscles in living organisms. Proteins regulate vital processes, catalyze chemical reactions, and transmit signals between cells. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.<br /><br /> Fats also contain carbon and are an important part of cellular structures. Fats store energy, protect vital organs, and provide thermal insulation. Fats consist of glycerol molecules linked to fatty acids.<br /><br /> Carbohydrates are a major source of energy in living organisms. Carbohydrates consist of chains of sugars linked together by glycosidic bonds. Carbohydrates play an important role in storing energy and providing the supporting structure for cells.<br />Organic materials contain carbon as a major element in their composition. In addition to carbon, organic matter also contains other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements form part of complex and multifunctional structures in organic materials, and play an important role in various biological processes.