The eye is one of the most important organs in the body, responsible for sight, which enables us to see the world around us. However, the eye is susceptible to many diseases that can affect vision temporarily or permanently if not treated properly. Below is a list of the most common eye diseases. 1. Nearsightedness and Farsightedness Nearsightedness is the inability to see distant objects clearly, while farsightedness is difficulty seeing close objects. These are among the most common vision problems and are often corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses, and sometimes with surgery. 2. Astigmatism Astigmatism occurs due to an irregular shape of the cornea, leading to blurred vision for both near and far objects. It can be corrected with eyeglasses or special contact lenses. 3. Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye," is an inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye. It may be caused by a bacterial or viral infection, or by allergies. Symptoms include redness, itching, and increased tear production. 4. Dry Eyes Dry eyes occur when the eyes don't produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly. This can cause a burning or gritty sensation, and is common among those who use screens for extended periods. 5. Cataracts Cataracts are clouding of the eye's lens, leading to gradual vision loss. They often affect older adults. Treatment involves a simple surgical procedure to replace the damaged lens with an artificial one. 6. Glaucoma Glaucoma is a serious eye disease caused by increased pressure inside the eye. If not detected early, it can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Symptoms are often absent in the early stages. Preventing Eye Diseases Get regular eye exams Avoid eye strain and prolonged screen use Maintain good eye hygiene Eat a healthy diet rich in vitamins Wear sunglasses to protect against ultraviolet (UV) rays Conclusion Taking care of your eye health is essential for preserving your vision. Early detection of eye diseases helps in treating them and preventing their complications, so it is advisable to consult an ophthalmologist when experiencing any vision problems. University of Al-Mustaqbal – The First and Leading Private University