Glaucoma is considered one of the most serious eye diseases that leads to damage of the optic nerve and may result in permanent vision loss if not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. This disease is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure or impaired drainage of aqueous humor within the eye, and it often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. This article aims to clarify the causes of glaucoma, its symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and available treatment options. Keywords: Glaucoma, intraocular pressure, optic nerve. Introduction Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The danger of this disease lies in its slow and silent progression, making regular eye examinations essential, especially for the elderly and individuals with a family history of glaucoma. Causes of Glaucoma Glaucoma occurs as a result of a dysfunction in the drainage of aqueous humor within the eye, leading to increased intraocular pressure and subsequent damage to the optic nerve. Genetic factors and aging also play a significant role in increasing the risk of developing the disease. Symptoms In the early stages, glaucoma may present without obvious symptoms. As the disease progresses, patients may experience: • Narrowing of the visual field • Recurrent headaches • Blurred vision • Eye pain in certain acute types Diagnosis The diagnosis of glaucoma is based on: • Measurement of intraocular pressure • Examination of the optic nerve • Visual field testing • Retinal imaging Treatment The primary goal of glaucoma treatment is to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage. Treatment options include: • Medicated eye drops • Laser therapy • Surgical intervention in advanced cases University of Al-Mustaqbal – The First and Leading Private University