Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain, especially among adults. It involves inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of connective tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the heel bone to the toes. This structure supports the arch of the foot and helps absorb shock during walking and running. Causes: Plantar fasciitis usually develops due to repetitive strain or overuse of the plantar fascia. Common risk factors include prolonged standing, excessive walking or running, wearing unsupportive footwear, obesity, and sudden increases in physical activity. Foot mechanics also play a role; people with flat feet or high arches are more prone to developing the condition. Tight calf muscles and Achilles tendons can further increase stress on the plantar fascia. Symptoms and Signs: The hallmark symptom of plantar fasciitis is sharp heel pain, typically felt on the inner side of the heel. Pain is often worst with the first steps in the morning or after long periods of rest, and may decrease with movement but worsen again after prolonged activity. On examination, tenderness is usually present at the medial aspect of the heel, and stretching the foot upward may reproduce the pain. Management: Most cases of plantar fasciitis can be managed conservatively. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and relieving stress on the plantar fascia. This includes rest, ice application, stretching exercises for the calf and foot, and wearing supportive shoes or orthotic inserts. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help reduce pain and inflammation. In persistent cases, physical therapy, night splints, corticosteroid injections, or other advanced treatments may be considered. With appropriate management, the majority of patients recover successfully without the need for surgery. Dt Zaid Saad Madhi Trauma and Orthopaedics surgery Head of Medical Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department Al-Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq.