Prepared by Dr. Hussein Mohammed Jawad Al-Jubouri Digital transformation has become one of the most significant modern trends in developing public administration and improving the performance of government institutions worldwide. Traditional administration, based on paper procedures and complex bureaucratic structures, is no longer capable of responding to contemporary demands, especially in light of the rapid advancement of information and communication technologies. Digital transformation in public administration refers to the systematic transition from traditional systems to digital systems that rely on modern technologies in delivering public services, managing resources, and supporting decision-making. In Iraq, digital transformation in public administration holds particular importance due to the chronic challenges facing government institutions, such as slow transaction processing, widespread bureaucracy, weak transparency, and high service delivery costs. Therefore, digital transformation emerges as a strategic option for reforming public administration and enhancing its efficiency, despite the structural and organizational challenges that accompany it. Concept and Dimensions of Digital Transformation in Public Administration Digital transformation in public administration represents a comprehensive process that goes beyond merely using computers or automating certain procedures. It involves redesigning administrative processes, changing organizational culture, and adopting new data-driven business models that promote institutional integration. Thus, it constitutes a profound institutional shift affecting organizational structures, human resources, and service delivery mechanisms. The dimensions of digital transformation in public administration include: • Technological dimension: Providing digital infrastructure and advanced technological systems. • Organizational dimension: Updating laws, regulations, and administrative procedures. • Human dimension: Qualifying employees and building digital capacities. • Strategic dimension: Aligning with the state’s vision and priorities in achieving good governance. Opportunities of Digital Transformation in Iraqi Public Administration Digital transformation offers broad opportunities to improve public administration performance in Iraq at administrative, economic, and social levels. From an administrative perspective, digital transformation simplifies procedures and reduces bureaucracy by automating government transactions and adopting unified electronic portals. This accelerates service delivery and reduces direct interaction between employees and citizens, thereby limiting opportunities for administrative corruption. From an economic perspective, digital transformation helps reduce operational costs, improve the efficiency of public resource utilization, and enhance government revenues through electronic tax and fee collection systems. It also contributes to improving the business environment by facilitating company registration and licensing procedures, which positively impacts investment attraction and private sector support. From a social perspective, digital transformation improves the quality of public services provided to citizens, such as healthcare, education, and social security services. It promotes equity in access to services and strengthens trust between citizens and government institutions by enhancing transparency and accountability. The Current State of Digital Transformation in Iraqi Public Administration Despite the recognition of its importance, the implementation of digital transformation in Iraqi public administration remains limited in scope and impact. Some government institutions have introduced partial initiatives in automation and e-service delivery; however, these efforts often lack institutional integration and coordination. This situation can be attributed to several factors, including weak digital infrastructure, unstable electricity and internet services, and the absence of a comprehensive national digital transformation strategy. Moreover, many institutions suffer from a shortage of specialized IT professionals, in addition to resistance to change among certain leaders and employees. Challenges Facing Digital Transformation in Iraqi Public Administration Digital transformation in Iraqi public administration faces numerous challenges that hinder the achievement of its intended objectives. Among the most prominent are technical challenges, such as weak digital infrastructure and the lack of integration between governmental databases. There are also organizational and legislative challenges, including outdated laws and administrative regulations that do not align with digital work requirements. Additionally, there is a human challenge, as many employees lack adequate digital skills and continuous training programs. Security challenges cannot be overlooked, particularly those related to information security and personal data protection amid increasing cyber threats. Furthermore, the lack of digital trust among some citizens represents a social challenge that affects the adoption rate of electronic government services. Prospects of Digital Transformation and Requirements for Success in Iraq The success of digital transformation in Iraq requires adopting a clear national strategy based on an integrated vision that coordinates efforts among various government institutions. It also necessitates investing in digital infrastructure, modernizing the legal and regulatory framework, and developing human capital through continuous training and capacity-building programs. Enhancing cybersecurity systems and promoting digital awareness among citizens are equally essential to building trust in electronic services. Ultimately, digital transformation should not be viewed merely as a technological project, but rather as a comprehensive reform process aimed at achieving efficient, transparent, and citizen-centered public administration. The success of digital transformation in Iraqi public administration requires the adoption of a comprehensive national vision based on strategic planning and coordination among various government entities. It also necessitates investment in digital infrastructure and the development of a legislative framework that supports the transition toward electronic administration. Building human capacities represents a central pillar in this context, through training government employees in digital skills and promoting a culture of innovation and institutional change. Furthermore, partnerships with the private sector and universities should be strengthened, while benefiting from successful international experiences in the field of digital transformation. Digital transformation in public administration represents a genuine opportunity to reform the administrative apparatus in Iraq, improve the efficiency of public service delivery, and reinforce the principles of good governance. Despite the significant challenges facing this transformation, the availability of political will, a clear strategic vision, and investment in human capital and technology can pave the way toward a more efficient and transparent digital public administration capable of meeting the aspirations of Iraqi citizens and achieving sustainable development.