Over the past decade, the smartphone has become an integral component of the educational system and students’ daily lives. Despite the significant cognitive and informational benefits offered by this technology, excessive and unregulated use has generated complex health and psychological challenges. This article aims to provide a scientific overview of the effects of continuous screen exposure among students, with particular emphasis on visual health and cognitive efficiency. First: Physiological Effects on Vision (Eye Strain and Blue Light) Visual impairment associated with smartphone use does not stem from “radiation” in the nuclear sense, but rather from the nature of the emitted light and ocular behavior during prolonged viewing. The scientifically observed effects include: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS): Continuous staring at small screens reduces the natural blinking rate from approximately 15 times per minute to about 5–7 times per minute. This reduction leads to tear evaporation and corneal dryness, resulting in eye redness and temporary blurred vision. High-Energy Visible (HEV) Blue Light Exposure: Smartphone screens emit short-wavelength, high-energy blue light. Research suggests that this type of light can penetrate deeply into the eye, reaching the retina, which raises medical concerns regarding oxidative stress in ocular tissues and the potential increased risk of long-term macular degeneration. Adaptive Myopia: Prolonged near-focus accommodation forces the eye muscles to remain contracted for extended periods. Among children and adolescents, this may contribute to structural changes in the eyeball, thereby increasing the prevalence of myopia. Second: Neurological and Behavioral Effects on Concentration The interaction between radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and behavioral factors creates an additional burden on students’ learning capacity: Attention Fragmentation: Smartphones function as continuous sources of stimuli (notifications, messages, alerts). This constant influx prevents the brain from entering a state of deep focus required for comprehending complex scientific concepts. Scientifically, rapid task-switching leads to prefrontal cortex fatigue, thereby impairing working memory. Disruption of the Biological Clock: Blue light acts as a strong inhibitor of melatonin secretion, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep. Nighttime smartphone use delays sleep onset and reduces sleep quality, negatively affecting cognitive functions the following day, including concentration, mental agility, and problem-solving ability. The Debate on Electromagnetic Waves: Although smartphones emit non-ionizing radiation—considered relatively safe compared to ionizing radiation such as X-rays—some recent studies suggest that intensive exposure and close proximity to the head may slightly influence brain electrical activity (EEG) during sleep, potentially contributing to insomnia and stress among certain students. Al-Mustaqbal University is the first University in Iraq