The aviation industry has witnessed a significant digital transformation in recent years due to the increasing reliance on computer systems and networks to manage flight operations. Modern aircraft now depend on advanced digital systems for control, navigation, and communication. While this transformation has improved efficiency and performance, it has also introduced new challenges related to cybersecurity. Therefore, securing digital aviation systems from cyber threats has become essential to ensure flight safety and protect aviation infrastructure. Modern aircraft rely on a wide range of software and digital systems, such as the Flight Management System, autopilot systems, navigation and communication systems, and engine monitoring systems. These systems work together to provide accurate information about the aircraft’s condition, direction, and speed, while also executing control commands automatically or semi-automatically. As the connectivity between these systems and ground networks increases, the risk of cyberattacks and system intrusions also rises. Cybersecurity in aviation refers to the set of measures and technologies designed to protect aircraft systems and networks from electronic threats. These threats include attempts to hack control systems, manipulate navigation data, disrupt communication systems, or steal sensitive information. Such attacks could lead to serious consequences, including loss of aircraft control, pilot confusion, or disruption of air operations. Cyber threats to aviation systems take various forms. Among the most prominent are malware attacks targeting onboard computer systems or airport infrastructure, attempts to breach communication networks between aircraft and air traffic control centers, and signal spoofing attacks such as GPS spoofing, which can mislead navigation systems. In addition, in-flight entertainment systems may also become targets if they are not properly isolated from critical control systems. To counter these threats, the aviation industry relies on several cybersecurity techniques. These include data encryption to ensure the confidentiality of information exchanged between aircraft and ground stations, intrusion detection systems that monitor abnormal activities within networks, and strict authentication policies to verify the identity of users and devices. Aircraft systems are also designed with strong separation between critical and non-critical systems to prevent threats from spreading to essential control components. Software engineering plays a vital role in achieving cybersecurity within aviation systems. Security requirements are incorporated from the earliest stages of system design. This process includes risk analysis, secure software architecture design, and testing systems against potential cyberattacks. Software is also updated regularly to patch vulnerabilities and improve protection levels. Despite advances in cybersecurity technologies, several challenges remain. These include the growing complexity of digital aircraft systems, the high cost of developing secure solutions, and the need for unified international cybersecurity standards in aviation. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of cyber threats requires continuous updates in protection strategies and training. The field of Information Technology, particularly software engineering, plays a direct role in strengthening cybersecurity in aviation. Students and researchers can contribute by developing intrusion detection systems, designing secure communication protocols, analyzing vulnerabilities in digital systems, and building advanced encryption solutions to protect aviation data. In conclusion, cybersecurity has become an essential component of modern digital aviation systems due to the increasing dependence on software and networks. Developing secure and reliable systems requires integration between software engineering and cybersecurity technologies, making this field one of the most important future areas in aviation and technology.