Asthma is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by reversible airway obstruction, increased bronchial responsiveness, and airway inflammation. It is a widespread condition affecting approximately 155 million people worldwide. Although asthma can occur at any age, it most commonly begins during childhood. Epidemiological studies show that asthma is more prevalent in boys than girls during childhood, whereas in adulthood, it becomes more common in women. The disease affects individuals of all races; however, African Americans have a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality from asthma attacks compared to Caucasians. The etiology of asthma is complex and multifactorial, involving an interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Genetic factors alone cannot explain the significant rise in asthma prevalence observed globally. Several environmental factors have been associated with the development of asthma, including air pollution, the hygiene hypothesis, measles infection, and hepatitis A seropositivity. These factors may contribute to immune system alterations that increase susceptibility to airway inflammation. Clinically, asthma presents with a range of characteristic symptoms, including wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and a sensation of chest tightness. These symptoms may occur at any age and can be either intermittent or persistent. In many cases, patients with episodic asthma remain asymptomatic between exacerbations. However, these episodes may be triggered by viral respiratory infections or exposure to allergens such as dust, pollen, or animal dander . The diagnosis of asthma is typically based on a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and objective tests that demonstrate variable airflow obstruction. Spirometry and peak expiratory flow measurements are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis. In more challenging cases, additional investigations such as exercise testing, bronchial provocation tests using histamine or methacholine, or a therapeutic trial of oral corticosteroids may be required. Laboratory findings, including elevated eosinophil counts in blood or sputum and increased serum IgE levels, can further support the diagnosis. Although chest radiography is not routinely useful in diagnosing asthma, it may be performed to exclude other conditions or complications such as pneumothorax. Management of asthma involves a comprehensive approach that includes avoidance of triggering factors, pharmacological treatment, and allergen immunotherapy. These strategies aim to control symptoms, reduce the frequency of exacerbations, and improve overall quality of life. Commonly used medications include corticosteroids, which reduce airway inflammation; bronchodilators, which relax the airway muscles and improve airflow; and other anti-inflammatory drugs that decrease allergic responses. Allergen immunotherapy is also considered an effective option for many patients, as it can significantly reduce symptoms and minimize the need for medication. In conclusion, asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disorder with significant health implications worldwide. Its development is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and it presents with characteristic respiratory symptoms that can vary in severity. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to control the disease and enhance the quality of life for affected