Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting overall human health. It has a significant impact on various body organs, especially the eyes. Prolonged high blood sugar levels can lead to serious eye complications, resulting in gradual vision impairment and, in advanced cases, vision loss if not diagnosed and treated early. How Does Diabetes Affect the Eye? When blood glucose levels remain elevated, the small blood vessels in the eye become damaged, particularly those in the retina, which is responsible for capturing light and transmitting visual signals to the brain. This damage leads to poor blood flow and structural changes that negatively affect vision over time. Major Eye Diseases Associated with Diabetes •Diabetic Retinopathy: The most common complication, which may lead to blindness if untreated. •Cataract: Causes cloudy vision due to lens opacity. •Glaucoma:Results from increased intraocular pressure affecting the optic nerve. •Dry Eye: Causes irritation, redness, and discomfort. Risk Factors • Poor blood sugar control • Long duration of diabetes • High blood pressure • Lack of regular eye examinations Prevention • Maintaining normal blood glucose levels • Having regular eye examinations at least once a year • Following a healthy and balanced diet • Engaging in regular physical activity Conclusion There is a strong relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and chronic eye diseases, as diabetes directly affects the blood vessels of the eye. However, these complications can be prevented or minimized through proper disease management, regular medical follow-up, and a healthy lifestyle. Islam Fadel University of Al-Mustaqbal – The First and Leading Private University