التجارب العلمية :
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Principles of Qualitative Analysis

Objectives of Qualitative Analysis: Identification: Knowing the elements or compounds present in the sample. Composition determination: Understanding the chemical composition of the substance.

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Qualitative Analysis of Group I and Group II Ions

Qualitative analysis in chemistry focuses on identifying the presence of specific ions in a mixture. In classical inorganic analysis, cations are divided into groups based on their precipitation properties with specific reagents. This lecture will cover the Group I (chlorides) and Group II (sulfides) ions, their chemical characteristics, and the procedures for their detection.

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QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE 3RD GROUP CATIONS AND FIFTH GROUP

These cations do not precipitate with the addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) under acidic conditions (used for groups 1 and 2, respectively). Instead, they precipitate in basic conditions with hydrogen sulfide.

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