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Population Census: The Beginning of Iraq's Digital Transformation By: Prof. Dr. Nidal Khudair Al-Abbadi Introduction: The population census is the foundation upon which many government policies are built worldwide. In developed countries, population data is collected through constantly updated digital systems, making societal planning and development more efficient. In Iraq, despite the significance of the census in economic and social development, data collection still relies on traditional methods that are time-consuming and resource-intensive. Today, it is essential to move towards digital census as a first step towards Iraq's digital transformation, which will improve many vital areas. Some may argue that the census has already begun, making this article redundant, but the answer is that the digital transformation of the population census will ensure continuous data updates and avoid the use of traditional methods in the future. The Importance of Digital Census in Digital Transformation: A digital census involves using modern digital systems to collect and update population data in real-time and with accuracy. This system relies on electronic civil registries that record all life events such as births, deaths, migration, and marriages. Instead of conducting a census every ten years, as is the case in Iraq today, a digital census allows for continuous and accurate data updates, significantly enhancing economic and social planning and development. In developed countries, population data is supported by interconnected systems that enable various government institutions such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labor, and others to access real-time accurate data. This interconnection between institutions improves coordination and helps deliver more accurate and efficient services to citizens. Challenges Facing Iraq in the Digital Transformation of the Census: Despite the vast opportunities offered by the digital census, Iraq faces several challenges that hinder the transition to this system, including: Lack of digital infrastructure: Many government institutions still rely on paper systems or outdated and disjointed electronic systems. Delayed data updates: Population data collection is irregular, leading to a lack of accuracy in available information. Security and administrative challenges: Some areas are difficult to access due to complex security situations, limiting the state's ability to collect complete data. However, these challenges should not be seen as final obstacles but rather as significant opportunities to develop an integrated digital infrastructure that can enhance public services and facilitate data collection. Future Opportunities for Digital Transformation in Iraq: By investing in digital infrastructure, Iraq can develop systems that enable the continuous and accurate collection and updating of data. Investment in integrated digital systems: Building electronic civil registries that record life events in real-time. Interconnection between government institutions: Enhancing cooperation between various ministries and government institutions through unified digital systems for easier data exchange. Utilizing artificial intelligence and big data analysis: AI can be used to analyze population data more efficiently, contributing to more accurate decision-making. Conclusion: The digital census in Iraq represents the actual beginning of the digital transformation that many citizens aspire to. By investing in digital infrastructure and developing integrated electronic systems, Iraq can achieve a digital transformation that enhances data accuracy and improves public services. If these steps are implemented effectively, we will witness a digital Iraq capable of efficiently and effectively addressing future challenges.