Natural resources are among the most vital foundations of life on Earth. These include water, air, soil, forests, minerals, and wildlife. With the growing threats caused by urban expansion, pollution, and climate change, it has become essential to enact special legislation aimed at protecting these resources and ensuring their sustainability for future generations.<br /><br />Legislation plays a key role in regulating the use of natural resources by setting limits on excessive exploitation and enforcing penalties for illegal environmental actions. These laws include forest conservation, water management, combating desertification, biodiversity protection, and the regulation of fishing and mineral extraction.<br /><br />Such legal frameworks directly support the achievement of sustainability goals, especially those outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—specifically Goal 15: Life on Land and Goal 13: Climate Action. Sustainability means meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs—something only achievable through enforceable environmental legislation.<br /><br />Furthermore, legislation enables cooperation among governments, civil society, and the private sector to create national strategies for environmental protection and integrate sustainability principles into public policy.<br /><br />Al-Mustaqbal University the first university of Iraq .<br />