بحوث سكوبس — ا م د صادق جعفر باقر

In this study, a novel thermoresponsive blend monolithic hydrogel was synthesized using the chemical cross-linking of chitosan (CS) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), and further modified through freezing and thawing treatment to form the FCS/HPC hydrogel. The hydrogel analysis revealed that this modification created an interconnected macroporous network with a surface area of 75.31 m2. g−1, which is significantly greater than that of the unmodified CS/HPC hydrogel (2.18 m2.g−1) with smooth surface morphology and no apparent pores. Furthermore, the mixing speed during initial cross-linking markedly influences the morphological characteristics, pore architecture, and textural properties of the resulting hydrogel. The FCS/HPC hydrogel exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of approximately 42 °C and reversible temperature-responsive swelling–deswelling properties. Adsorption studies showed high dye removal efficiency for both cationic (methylene blue) and anionic (reactive red 2) dyes below the LCST, whereas selective adsorption for anionic dyes was observed above this temperature. The adsorption behaviour of the FCS/HPC hydrogel was found to be best described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface through physical interactions. The hydrogel also demonstrated notable reusability after five adsorption–desorption cycles, highlighting its potential as a sustainable, thermo-responsive material for the selective separation of pollutants in industrial wastewater treatment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

The current study involves a synthesis of a composite of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) with a chromium dopant to yield (Cr/NiONPs). Synthesis of nickel oxide was performed by the co-precipitation method. The synthesis of the composite was conducted by the impregnation method. FTIR, EDX, SEM, and XRD were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The synthesised materials’ point zero charges (PZC) were performed using the potentiometric titration method. The obtained results show that the PZC for neat nickel oxide was around 5, and it was around 8 for Cr/NiONPs. The adsorption action of the prepared materials was examined by applying them to remove Reactive Red 2 (RR2) and Crystal Violate (CV) dyes from solutions. The outcomes demonstrated that Cr/NiONPs were stronger in the removal of dyes than NiONPs. Cr/NiONPs achieved 99.9% removal of dyes after 1 h. Adsorption isotherms involving Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were also conducted, and the outcomes indicated that the most accurate representation of the adsorption data was offered by Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Additionally, it was discovered that the adsorption characteristics of the NiONPs and Cr/NiONPs correspond well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Each of the NiONPs and Cr/NiONPs was reused five times, and the results display that the effectiveness of the removal of RR2 dye slightly declined with the increase in reuse cycles; it lost only 5% of its original efficiency after the 5 cycles. Generally, Cr/NiONPs showed better reusability than NiONPs under the same conditions. © The Author(s) 2024.

This article investigates the kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of brilliant green dye adsorption on Fe3O4/CdS/MWCNTs. The effects of adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.06 g), contact time (1–120 min), temperature (278, 288,298 and 308 K), ionic strength (NaCl and CaCO3 salt), and initial solution pH (4,6,7, and 10) were all studied in relation to the adsorption of BG dye. Langmuir (R2 = 0.86883), Temkin (R2 = 0.96323) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.96958) and isotherms were fitted to describe the equilibrium of BG adsorption process. Isothermal models showed that BG adsorption was a favorable process on ternary composite Adsorption kinetics were well fitted by Pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99396). The thermodynamic parameters ΔH° = −0.0277 kJ.mol−1 and ΔS° = −60.9031 J mol−1.k−1 indicate endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process, (ΔG° > 0) non-spontaneous, and exothermic. Five adsorption/desorption cycles were demonstrated by the adsorbents’ high reusability. © 2024 The Author(s)

Using appropriate organotin chloride salts and a ligand called 2-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl) amino] benzoic acid (DMPAB), a condensation procedure produced novel complexes such as triphenyltin, dimethyl, diphenyl, and dibutyl-tin. For difficult identification, a variety of analytical methods were used, including elemental analysis, carbon and proton magnetic resonance, and infrared spectra. The agar ditch method was used to assess the antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. When compared to the molecule generated from the ligand, the complexes showed more inhibitory action. Among the complexes tested, the dimethyltin carboxylate complex showed the strongest antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. © 2024 Chemical Society of Ethiopia. All rights reserved.

In this work, of New Ligand [(E)-5-hydroxy-4-(3-(4-methoxy phenyl) acryl amido) naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid] (ANS) was prepared by reflexing reaction of 4-amino-5-hydroxy naphthalene sulfonic acid with para methoxy cinnamic acid, this produced and described chemical was employed as ligand to prepare tri and di-organotin complexes by condensation reaction with the salts of organotin chloride (phenyl, butyl, and methyl tin chloride). Specialized methods, including elemental analysis, (tin and proton) magnetic resonance, and infrared spectra, were used to identify the complexes. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) are both commonly used methods for measuring antioxidant capacity in various samples. Due to the tin moiety, the produced tri and di-tin complexes gave higher percentage inhibition than the ligand in both techniques; also, the triphenyltin complex performed the best when compared to the others. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding of the structure-activity relationship of organotin complexes and their potential as antioxidants, which may have implications for developing novel therapeutic agents with antioxidant properties. © 2024, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

4-Sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) was used as a ligand to prepare new triphenyltin and dimethyl-tin complexes by condensation with the corresponding organotin chloride salts. The complexes were identified by different techniques, such as infrared spectra (tin and proton), magnetic resonance, and elemental analyses. The 119Sn-NMR was studied to determine the prepared complexes' geometrical shape. Two methods examined the antioxidant activity of (SSA) and prepared complexes; Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and CUPRRAC methods. Tri and di-tin complexes gave high percentage inhibition than ligands with both methods due to tin moiety; the triphenyltin carboxylate complex was the best compared with the others. Also, antibacterial activity was assessed by using the agar ditch method against (Escherichia coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The complexes gave high activity in inhibition than the ligand derived. Also Triphenyltin carboxylate complex showed higher antibacterial activity than the dimethyltin complex against two types of bacteria (Escherichia coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus). © 2023 Chemical Society of Ethiopia and The Authors.

4-Aminoantipyrine was used as ligand to prepare new complexes of triphenyltin, di-butyl and dimethyl-tin complexes by condensation reaction with the corresponding organotin chloride salts. The complexes were identified by different techniques, such as infrared spectra, (tin and proton) magnetic resonance and elemental analyses. The antioxidant activity of 4-aminoantipyrine and prepared complexes were studied by two different methods; Free radical scavenging activity DPPH and CUPRRAC methods. Tri and di-tin complexes gave high percentage inhibition than ligand with both methods due to tin moiety, also triphenyltin carboxylate complex was the best compared with the others. © 2023 Chemical Society of Ethiopia and The Authors.

Organotin carboxylates have gotten a lot of attention in recent years because of their structural intrigue and several uses. The production and characterization of organotin carboxylates, as well as their action against cancers, fungi, bacteria, and other microbes have been described by a number of researchers. Some di- and triorganotin carboxylates have been found to have the potential as anticancer drugs. The amount and kind of organic groups bound to the tin core and carboxylate ligand appear to have a significant impact on their anticancer efficacy. Two new organotin complexes of di and triorganotin carboxylate were successfully synthesized by refluxing reaction of 2-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl) amino] benzoic acid (ligand) with tri phenyl tin chloride and dimethyl tin dichloride salts to give the corresponding substituted tin complexes with high yields. The chemical structures of the complexes were confirmed by different techniques included elemental analysis, proton, carbon and Sn119-NMR, and FT-IR-spectra. The activity of each complex has been examined against the target cell line A-172 compared with the ligand alone. It was found that the complex 1 and 2 have higher cellular cytotoxicity than ligand. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)

In this study, di and triorganotin compounds derived from Cinnamic acid were prepared by condensation reaction to obtain the corresponding complexes (1-4) with high yields. These complexes were also diagnosed with several techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, Sn119, and 1H NMR, in addition to elemental analysis of the elements. These complexes were applied to find out the anti-oxidative activity of cinnamic acid and the prepared complexes by using DDPH and CUPRAC techniques. The results of the antioxidant activity in both ways showed that the prepared complexes are more effective than the ligand from which they are derived. Also, complex 1 showed more antioxidant activity than other complexes. © 2023 National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC).

Three organotin complexes were successfully produced in the presence of sodium hydroxide by the condensation reaction of cephalexin (ligand) and tri-organotin (IV) complexes. The complexes formed were given trigonal bipyramidal geometries based on spectrum measurements. These compounds were applied as additives (0.5 percent by weight) to reduce the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride films (40 μm thickness) when exposed to ultraviolet light at a normal temperature (max = 313 at an intensity of light = 7.75 × 10-7 ein dm-3 S-1). The weight changes of films before and after irradiation can be applied to investigate the effectiveness of organotin (IV) complexes as photo stabilizers. After irradiation, the morphology of poly(vinyl chloride) studied by the microscope, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscope was shown to be less damaged in the films containing additives. These additives are effective UV absorbers, hydrogen chloride scavengers, and peroxide quenchers. © Institute for Color Science and Technology.

Three organotin carboxylate complexes were synthesized by condensation of the reaction of methanolic tryptophan solution with Tri, and Diorganotin chloride for 3-4 hours to obtain the corresponding complexes (1-3) with good yields. These complexes were also diagnosed with several techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, Sn119, and proton NMR, in addition to elemental analysis of the elements. These complexes were applied to find out the antioxidative activity of tryptophan and the prepared complexes by using DDPH and CUPRAC techniques. The results of the antioxidant activity in both ways showed that the prepared complexes are more effective than tryptophan from which they are derived. Also, complex 1 showed more anti-oxidant activity than other complexes. © 2023, Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries. All rights reserved.

The oxidation activity of di and tri-organotin complexes derived from the condensation reaction of organotin salts of chloride with para-methoxy cinnamic acid was successfully synthesized, identified, and analyzed. The synthesized complexes (1-4) were shown to be more effective than the ligand from which they were made. In addition, when compared to the other complexes, complex 2 (diphenyl tin carboxylate) is the most effective at oxidation. Several techniques were used to diagnose the produced compounds, including FTIR, 1H-NMR, and Sn119-NMR, while two approaches, DPPH and CUBRAC, were used to investigate the oxidation activity. The reactions of para-methoxy cinnamic acid and several of substituted tin chlorides gave the corresponding tin complexes with good yields. The antioxidant activity of the prepared complexes was found to be higher than that of the ligand derived from. © 2023 Author(s).

In this work, we examined the photocatalytic activity of different composite ratios of doped co-oxide (Co3O4-Ni3O4/Al3O4) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) toward Celestine blue dye (CBD). This work involves preparation of composite catalyst Co3O4-Ni3O4/Al3O4doped with CNTs in different percent (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) by using wet impregnation method. The prepared materials were characterized usingFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-rays Diffraction technique(XRD). The photocatalytic activity of these materials were investigated by following photocatalytic removal of Celestine blue dyeat λ max= 542nm and dye concentration equal to 100 ppm in different irradiation times. The obtained results showed thatthe best percent of doping the co-catalyst with carbon nanotubes was 6%,which gives a high photocatalytic dye removal equal to 99%. © 2022 NIDOC (Nat.Inform.Document.Centre). All rights reserved.

This work included the preparation of a series of metal complexes with the new organic azo reagent dye. The donor the prepared ligand is It a derivative of 2-amino-6-methoxy benzothiazolyl mediated by a diazonium solution with a 4-methoxy phenol solution. The preparation of the organic reagent 2-[2-(6-Methoxy benzothiazolyl ) azo ]-4-methoxy phenol (6-MBTAMP), where this reagent characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, which included the H'-NMR proton spectrum, the C'3-NMR carbon spectrum, and also a series of metallic complexes for this ligand were prepared. It included four complexes with its Cu (|), Fe (|||), Cr (|||), Co (|||), ions. Where these lectured complexes were diagnosed by the UV-visible spectrum and the TF-IR spectrum. It has an octahydral geometric shape. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Poly(vinyl chloride) suffers from degradation through oxidation and decomposition when exposed to radiation and high temperatures. Stabilizers are added to polymeric materials to inhibit their degradation and enable their use for a longer duration in harsh environments. The design of new additives to stabilize poly(vinyl chloride) is therefore desirable. The current study includes the synthesis of new tin complexes of 4‐methoxybenzoic acid and investigates their potential as photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). The reaction of 4‐methoxybenzoic acid and substituted tin chlorides gave the corresponding substituted tin complexes in good yields. The structures of the complexes were confirmed using analytical and spectroscopic methods. Poly(vinyl chloride) was doped with a small quantity (0.5%) of the tin complexes and homogenous thin films were made. The effects of the additives on the stability of the polymeric material on irradiation with ultraviolet light were assessed using different methods. Weight loss, production of small polymeric fragments, and drops in molecular weight were lower in the presence of the additives. The surface of poly(vinyl chloride), after irradiation, showed less damage in the films containing additives. The additives, in particular those containing aromatic (phenyl groups) substitutes, inhibited the photodegradation of polymeric films significantly. Such additives act as efficient ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide quenchers, and hydrogen chloride scavengers. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

In new residential structures and green architecture, it is necessary to maintain the heat of the internal environment to an appropriate level throughout winter conditions with low electricity usage. This work is thus intended to produce environmentally acceptable isolation substances (organic material). Lignocellular biomass, which is also referred to as Poaceae common reed and Phragmites australis and straw, were used as organic material in this study. During testing of its performance under controlled settings, the insulating effectiveness of these organic compounds was assessed. The exploratory project comprises three forms of isolation: organic made from straw and reed, industrial isolation (fibreglass), and brickwork without insulation. An infrared sensor was used to calculate the quality of isolation. For each isolation situation, the temperature characteristic was produced. The findings show that fibreglass was equivalent to the effectiveness of the organic isolation. Furthermore, the efficiency difference was 0. 84 percent comparing the industrial and organic isolation substances, which shows that Lignocellusic Biomass is a viable environmental-friendly replacement to industrial isolation substances. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Water pollution is one of the biggest problems facing us, so it requires the need to develop a very high-efficiency and inexpensive absorbent material from natural surfaces and compare it with expensive commercial sorbents. Where in this study an absorbent substance was prepared from the natural surfaces of Syzgium Aromaticum Flower Bud (SAFB), Nigella Sativa (NS) Converted to activated carbon to activated carbon Activated (SAFB), and Activated (NS), as these surfaces are characterized by high porosity, cheap price and very high efficiency in removing dye. The composite was illustrated via different analysis apparatus included FTIR, and FE-SEM, The adsorption result were fitted with Freundlich isotherms. The experimental kinetic result at different primary reactive green dye concentrations, were also analyzed through first model, second model and Elovich model. The obtained data appear that the model pseudo-first model fits the adsorption kinetic result through R2 0.96028, R2 0.9486, R2 0.9016 and R2 0.9620 of SAFB and ACTIVE-SAFB and Nigella Sativa (NS) and Activated (NS) in the same order. © 2021, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Study the adsorption and removal of (Maxilon Blue GRL Basic) textile dye from aquatic solution via AC/Clay surface. The adsorbent was characterized with (XRD) X-Ray Diffraction, (FT-IR) Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and (SEM)Scanning electron microscope. Several physio-chemical parameters for example, agitation time, primary concentration dye GRL "50-150 mgL-1", adsorbent dosage (0.005-0.125)g, pH of solution dye about 3-11 and solution temperature (15, 30, 50) °C. For GRL dye adsorbent surfaces maximum adsorption found to be at pH = 6. In fact adsorption found to decrease with increase in solution pH. The application ability of adsorption model to study the adsorption behavior has too been analyzed via Langmauir, Fraundlich and Tempkin models was utilized to explain the experiential isotherms and constants isotherm's It was found Langmuir model give good fittings when compare with Freundlich and Tempkin model. The amplitude of the adsorption reduction with increased the temperature. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.