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Syzygium aromaticum is an antibacterial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms. A broad range of anti-disease activities estimate its potential therapeutic uses in treating numerous infectious disorders. The study aims to understand better how Syzygium aromaticum extract inhibits human pathogenic bacteria and demonstrate how the extract works to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and adhesion. The antibacterial action of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum was evaluated by using disc diffusion and the assay Agar-well diffusion. Its efficacy was compared with the antibiotic and determined. Additionally, tests on adherence and biofilm formation were conducted. All bacteria isolated from gram-negative (G -ve) and gram-positive (G +ve) bacteria were sensitive to Syzygium aromaticum extract and the range of inhibition zone (20 to 28) mm. Most isolated bacteria were sensitive to floxacin. Most bacterial isolates of Gram-negative bacteria exhibited Moderate adherence and biofilm activity to these extracts. Some bacteria isolates exhibited high adherence and biofilm activity to aquatic extracts of Syzygium aromaticum. The studys' findings were that the extracts from Syzygium aromaticum were highly effective against a variety of G-positive and G-negative isolated clinically, suggesting that they are superior to antibiotics sold in stores. Apart from strong resistance to adhesion and biofilm development. © The Author(s).

Background/Objectives: Allicin, a bioactive compound from garlic, exhibits antibacterial activity by targeting bacterial proteins, including type II topoisomerases such as DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes exclusive to prokaryotes. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of allicin and its inhibitory mechanism on topoisomerase IV using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Methods: In the in vitro experiments, the antibacterial activities of allicin, garlic extract, and ciprofloxacin were evaluated using agar diffusion, as well as determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). In silico analyses included consensus sequence-based structural modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV subunit A in the presence of allicin and ciprofloxacin. Results: In vitro results demonstrated that the allicin exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity (P ≤ 0.05), followed by garlic extract, while ciprofloxacin demonstrated relatively lower activity. Docking analysis revealed stronger interactions and higher binding affinity between allicin and topoisomerase IV compared to the other ligands. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the enhanced stability of the allicin-topoisomerase IV complex. Additionally, genomic analysis was used to predict the conserved region of the protein and generate a refined structural model, which showed improved binding characteristics. Conclusion: These findings suggest that allicin is a promising inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and may serve as the basis for developing new antimicrobial agents. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

Crimean-Congo-hemorrhagic-fever (CCHF) remains to lead and real hazard to the delicate health-care-systems with a constant rise of diseases and death. The CCHF is caused by viruses such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The present study aimed to assess Nurses’ Knowledge Related to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. A descriptive cross-sectional design was carried out in Al-Hillah Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq. A purposive (non-probability) sample was selected (70) nurses included (38 and 32) males and females respectively from nurses at the Al-Hillah teaching hospital. The study showed that the average age is 26.47 (±4.77) years, and the age group 20-24 years was the highest recorded (72.9%). About gender, more than half of the study participants were male nurses (54.3%). Concerning the education level, most of the participants were diploma graduates (54.3%). In regard to years of experience, those with less than 5 years were predominated (71%). Residents related findings; the majority of participants were urban (81.4%). The results of the present study also demonstrated that the majority of (95.7%) nurses expressed a fair knowledge regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. The findings of the present study reflected insufficient levels of knowledge among nurses relating to CCHF. Study results showed that it is vital to continuously assess all health care providers’ knowledge and also there is a need to improve the awareness by educated seminars, workshops about present endemic diseases to forthcoming health care providers. © 2025, Arab Society for Fungal Conservation. All rights reserved.

Plants serve as rich reservoirs of essential secondary metabolites and are a vital source of pharmacological compounds, including active ingredients found in various plant parts. The antibacterial properties of plant extracts cannot be attributed to a single mechanism; rather, they depend on the diverse chemical components present in each extract. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of Psyllium seed extract (Plantago ovata) on human pathogenic bacteria and to elucidate the mechanisms by which this extract inhibits bacterial biofilm formation and adhesion. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was assessed using agar-well diffusion and agar-disc diffusion assays. The results were compared with standard antibiotics. Additionally, tests for biofilm formation and adherence were conducted. All isolated Gram-negative (G−ve) and Gram-positive (G+ve) bacteria were sensitive to the Psyllium seed extract, with inhibition zones ranging from 20 to 25 mm. Most bacterial isolates demonstrated resistance to conventional antibiotics, with some showing sensitivity to ofloxacin. The majority of isolated Gram-negative bacteria exhibited moderate adherence and biofilm formation when exposed to the extracts, while certain strains showed strong adherence and biofilm activity. The findings indicate that Psyllium seed extracts possess significant antimicrobial efficacy against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, these extracts effectively inhibit bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. © 2025, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR. All rights reserved.

Background: Treatment with melatonin as anti-oxidant’s supplements may has a role in psoriasis with diminished anti-oxidant system function. This medical trial targets the efficiency of melatonin as an adjunctive management with etanercept in mitigating the severity of chronic plaque psoriasis. Material & Methods: A double-blind prospective randomized clinical trial study conducted over a three-month period from 1st January 2022 to 30th March 2022 at Department of Dermatology at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon City/ Iraq to assess the efficiency of melatonin as adjuvant therapy with etanercept in the management of psoriasis. Sixty adult patients (18 female, 42 males; age range 17-60 years) with psoriasis were selected through convenience sampling & distributed randomly into (2) groups. The group (A, n=30) received etanercept and placebo, whilst Group (B, n=30) received etanercept plus melatonin, orally, once daily. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores as a severity measuring index and blood levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were assessed at baseline and at the completion of the intervention. Results: A significantly improvement in the PASI score and oxidative indicators (MDA and SOD) were observed following both biological therapy and adjunctive melatonin treatment; For group A representing a 69.14% improvement. While for group D, PASI score, MDA and SOD representing an 81.87% improvement. Conclusion: The daily administration adjuvant therapy 5 mg melatonin supplementation with etanercept to patients with psoriasis for 3months had reduce the severity of disease in a short period time. © 2025. Ghadah Ali Al-Oudah, et al.

Growing bacterial pathogens with antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies, raising the exploration and exploitation of the potential of plant natural products as alternative drugs. This study investigated the antibacterial potential of flavonoids from Origanum majorana L. through a combined in vitro and in silico approach, focusing on their inhibitory effects against β-lactamase and penicillin-binding protein. The in vitro antibacterial activities of O. majorana extracts, Apigenin (a flavonoid), and imipenem were evaluated against bacterial isolates through inhibition zone assays, and the analyses of minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration. In silico molecular docking was performed to elucidate the inhibition mechanism and assess binding affinities and interactions between flavonoids and target proteins. The docking results revealed that flavonoids exhibited stronger binding affinities with both target proteins (-9.5 kcal/mol and-5.8 kcal/mol) compared to imipenem, particularly against β-lactamases. The flavonoids enhanced the binding and stability of protein-ligand complexes through key molecular interactions, increasing the inhibitory effects on proteins. Our findings highlighted the potential of O. majorana flavonoids as promising resistance-modifying agents against β-lactam-resistant bacterial infections. Notably, a genomic analysis-based conserved region prediction approach was employed to construct a high-quality, structurally optimized model of the target proteins, enabling superior binding interactions with flavonoids. This structural refinement strategy enhances the predictive accuracy of computational drug design and may facilitate the development of novel antibacterial agents with improved specificity. Continued exploration of conserved region-based protein modeling can significantly enhance the rational design of next-generation inhibitors with improved binding affinity and therapeutic efficacy. © 2025 Al-Oudah et al.

Aims Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, immune-mediated, and hereditary skin disease. The present study attempted to determine whether adding CoQ10 to biological therapy can help relieve inflammation in Iraqi patients suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis. Materials & Methods A prospective, double-blind clinical trial took place in the Department of Dermatology at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, over three months from August to November 2021. 30 individuals from 17 to 72 years old with persistent plaque psoriasis who met the criteria for biological therapy were selected by the available sampling method. Participants were allocated into two groups (each 15 members); Group A was treated with Adalimumab + placebo (corn starch), and Group B was treated with Adalimumab + 100mg CoQ10 adjuvant. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was utilized. The sera were utilized to calculate the human superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde via the ELISA technique. Findings When compared to the patients before treatment, the two groups showed a substantial decline (p<0.05) after treatment; However, group B, which added CoQ10 to biological treatment, showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.05) in mean SOD level and MDA after treatment. Furthermore, following twelve weeks of treatment, group B’s use of combined adjuvant therapy showed even greater recovery, as indicated by a 79% PIC PASI score improvement instead of a 60% PIC score. Conclusion Daily administration of 100mg CoQ10 supplements to psoriatic subjects for 12 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing oxidative stress. Copyright© 2024, the Authors.

Psoriasis refers to a medical condition involving long-term inflammation, high insulin resistance, obesity and a likelihood of cardiovascular disease. Objective: This paper attempts to find out if the addition of metformin to biological therapy has the beneficial effect of increasing insulin sensitivity in moderate to severe Iraqi psoriatic patients. Subjects and Methods: The experimental group comprises 24 patients suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis. They were randomly selected into two groups: group A comprises 13 psoriatic patients treated with 40 mg of adalimumab twice monthly for 12 weeks. While group B contains 11 psoriatic patients treated with 40 mg of adalimumab twice monthly and a single daily dose of 850 mg of metformin for 12 weeks. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), as well as insulin-resistance parameters, which include fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) are estimated for each patient before and after completion of therapy. Results: The two groups showed a significant reduction in insulin resistance. Nonetheless, group B showed greater reduction. Furthermore, the PASI score of the two groups exhibited improvement, but group B exhibited a higher percentage improvement than group A, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that adding a single daily dose of 850 mg of metformin has a more beneficial effect on insulin resistance (IR) in psoriasis patients than using only biological therapy. © 2023, Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Psoriasis is a complicated, chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with a hereditary basis. It is possible that metformin treatment may modulate the function of immune cells, subsequently preventing proliferation of keratinocytes KCs. Objective: The present study attempts to find out if the addition of Metformin to biological therapy Adalimumab has the beneficial effect to relieve inflammation in moderate to severe Iraqi psoriatic patients. Subjects and Methods: The experimental group comprises 30 patients suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis, that were randomly allocated into two groups; Group A: consist of 15 psoriatic patients treated with 40mg of Adalimumab twice monthly for 12 weeks, while Group B: contains of15 psoriatic patients treated with 40mg of Adalimumab twice monthly and a single daily dose of 850mg of metformin for 12 weeks. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was used to assess the percentage improvement changes after treatment period, furthermore, serum levels for inflammatory markers, IL-17 and TNF-α were used to determine their levels by using ELISA technique before and after therapy. Results: The two groups showed significantly decrease (p<0.05) after treatment when compared with patients before treatments but high significantly decrease in mean IL-17 level and TNF (p<0.05) after treatment with group B in which addition metformin to biological therapy.As well as to that using combination adjuvant therapy in group B result in further improvement as reported by 76 % PIC for PASI score in compared with 60% PIC after 12 weeks of treatment Conclusion: This study demonstrates that adding a single daily dose of metformin to biological therapy has a more beneficial effect to relieve inflammation of skin associated with psoriasis © 2023, Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities.All Rights Reserved.

s: Reports indicate that renal injury or damage results in high mortality. Aim: To evaluate the beneficial aspects of hesperetin in treating kidney injury in male mice caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Materials and Method: Twenty-eight male Swiss Albino mice with weight range of 35–38 g at 12–16 weeks old were gathered into 4 groups; each group had seven mice, as follows: group I (sham group) undergone all research surgical techniques, with the exception of the use of vascular clamps for occlusion and reperfusion on the pedicles. group II (IR group) was subjected to reperfusion and ischemia. group III (DMSO group), Hesperetin's solvent is (DMSO)dimethyl sulfoxide was subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg of DMSO 30 min prior to the exposure to renal IR processes under anesthesia. group IV (hesperetin treated group) was subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of hesperetin 30 min before being subjected to IR procedures while sedated. Mice underwent euthanization, and then a blood sample from the heart was taken to measure the levels of urea, creainine, MDA, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the serum. Bilateral nephroctomy was performed and the kidney sample underwent homogenization so that the tissue markers can be measured (IL1 and IL6). A part of the kidney sample was placed in paraffin blocks with a 10% formalin solution. and prepared for histological examination. Results: The results demonstrated that the average (mean) tissue levels of (IL1, IL6, and MDA), also the mean serum concentration of (urea and creatinine) and the histopathological changes scores compared to the sham group, increased significantly (P< 0.05) in the IR group, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) was reduced compared with other groups. In the hesperetin treated group, the mean levels of IL1, IL6, and MDA as well as the mean urea and creatinine levels in the blood underwent significant (P<0.05) reduction. Similarly, the histopathological changes scores were decreased, while the glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) activity was higher compare with other groups Hesperetin reduces kidney injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion through their pleiotropic effects by modulating the inflammation pathway and oxidative activity. © 2023 Nsoe et al.; Licensee Cosmos Scholars Publishing House.

Psoriasis is a medical condition in which the skin of the body is affected at a multisytemic level. Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis have a considerably reduced quality of life as a result of their disease. For morphological indicators, the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) test is one of the methods for indicat-ing the severity of the illness. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in our bodies causes oxidative stress and plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases like psoriasis(1). It has been considered that antioxidant treatment can be an effective therapeutic option. The goal of this clinical investigation was to see if there was a link between the percentage change in quality of life and the clinical severity of psoriasis during a 12-week period among Iraqi psoriatic patients. Over the course of 3 months, 24 psoriatic patients (9 females and 15 males) ranging in age from 17 to 72 years participated in a prospective double-blinded clinical experiment. Two groups of participants were formed. A biological medicine (adalimumab) and a placebo was given to group A (n = 11), whereas group B (n = 13) received 100 mg CoQ10 adjuvant therapy in addition to the biological medication already provided. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were used to examine patients (DLQI). Treatment with both biological and adjuvant CoQ10 therapy showed a substantial association between the PASI and the DLQI (p = 0.000132). After 3 months of therapy, the mean (SD) of the PASI score for all patients was 20.88 7.15, with a 67.48% ± 22.25% improvement change. The mean SD of the DLQI score at baseline was 12.5 ± 4.71, with a change of 56.13% ± 20.15% following treatment. After therapy with a biological medication, there was a favorable association between the PASI and the DLQI (p > 0.05). This indicates that therapy with a biological medication with daily administration of 100 mg CoQ10 supplements to psoriatic patients for 12 weeks improved the correlation between PASI and DLQI. © 2022 Al-Oudah GA, et al.

Background:Oral recurrent aphthous stomatitis is the most common disease of the oral cavity. The underlying etiology remains unclear, and no curative treatment is available. Zinc is essential and useful for normal growth and tissue repair, zinc acts as an integral part of several enzymes important to protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Objectives:The presentstudy aimedto use systemic drug used zinc oral dispersible tablet (20mg).Illnesses related to the oral cavity by studyingits effects in oral recurrent aphthous stomatitis major clinical type (ORAS), this systemic therapy is not indicated in such situations among other drugs. Methods:In this study patientspresented with (ORAS) ulceration lesions were treated with zinc oral dispersible tablet (20mg) administered orally once daily after meal. The dispersible tablet was administered orally once daily for 14 days, 52 patients (36 males and 16 females aged between 28-30)with biopsy-confirmed aphthous ulceration of the lesions area, divided into two groups;group A, 28 patients were randomly assigned to receive zinc oral dispersible tablet, 20 mg/dayonce per day, and group B;24 patients with oral placebo daily for 14 days. Results: The results showed that administering of zinc oral dispersible tablet once per day accelerated the healing process within a short time period (8 days) without complications or disfigurement in all patients.Group A, 22 patients, (healing rate 0.66%) of 28 patients were used zinc oral dispersible tablet (20mg) doses administered orally had complete healing of aphthous ulcers at period time eight days of clinical investigation evaluation and weight increase rate by 0.32% kg during the time period of the study, compared with group B, only8 patients (healing rate 0.21%) of 24 placebo-randomized patients eating ability caused by oral cavity aphthous ulceration were improved markedly and had a weight loss rate by 0.53% kg. Conclusion:In this study showed that, the zinc oral dispersible tablet treatment was effective in healing of the major type aphthous ulceration and the end-points of the study were complete healing and absence of any discomfortpain while eating within a short period of treatment. © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.