بحوث سكوبس — قاسم عبد العباس زكم الشمري

The chromones found in the dried roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata include cimifugin; in fact, Saposhnikovia divaricata is a main source of cimifugin. Vinpocetine is a synthetic version of vincamine derived from periwinkle; it is characterized by potent anti-inflammatory properties that allow it to reduce immune cell infiltration and suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential influence of a topically-applied combination of cimifugin and vinpocetine gels on a model of a psoriasis-like inflammatory skin reaction. To this end, we divided 48 albino BALB/c mice into six groups. All groups except for the negative control group received imiquimod topically (daily, for 7 days) for the induction of psoriasis-like skin lesions. A group received imiquimod (5%) only (positive control), while four other groups were also treated with a clobetasol (0.05%) cream, a cimifugin (3%) gel, a vinpocetine (3%) gel, or a combination of cimifugin (3%) and vinpocetine (3%) gels, once daily, for 7 days; the aforementioned treatments were first applied 7 days after the pharmacological induction of the lesions. Our findings revealed that the topically-applied combination of cimifugin-and vinpocetine-containing gels had an important anti-psoriatic effect, as seen by the diminishing of the skin levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17, and interleukin-23, thereby improving the imiquimod-induced histological changes in mice. We conclude that a topically-applied combination of cimifugin and vinpocetine can exert substantial anti-psoriatic activity. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

A cytokine storm is a severe and potentially fatal condition resulting from an excessive immune response. Epicatechin and huperzine A have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting their potential utility in mitigating tissue damage and cytokine storm severity. This study aimed to compare the protective effects of huperzine A and epicatechin in a cytokine storm-like murine model. Sixty male Swiss albino mice were randomly allocated into six groups. Except for the control group, all animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) in order to induce a cytokine storm. The induction group received LPS without further intervention. The remaining groups were pre-treated for three consecutive days prior to LPS administration as follows: vehicle group (1% dimethyl sulfoxide), methylprednisolone group (50 mg/ kg/day methylprednisolone), huperzine A group (0.2 mg/kg/day huperzine A), and epicatechin group (25 mg/kg/day epicatechin). The histological analysis of lung tissues and the quantification of serum cytokines – interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) – revealed that all pre-treated groups exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects. Notably, epicatechin conferred a more pronounced protective effect than either methylprednisolone or huperzine A, as evidenced by reduced pulmonary histopathological alterations and lower serum cytokine concentrations. In conclusion, both huperzine A and epicatechin demonstrated protective efficacy against the LPS-induced cytokine storm, with epicatechin showing superior performance in attenuating systemic inflammation and lung injury. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of various cancers and autoinflammatory disorders. However, it can adversely affect oral tissues, particularly impairing salivary gland function. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of rutin may counteract these toxic effects. This study aimed at examining whether rutin confers protective effects on the salivary glands of rats exposed to methotrexate. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned to three groups. The control group received normal saline intraperitoneally for 10 days. On day six of the experiment, the methotrexate group was administered methotrexate intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The methotrexate + rutin group also received rutin intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg once daily for 10 days. On day 11, the animals were euthanized, and their salivary gland tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analyses. Rutin markedly ameliorated the methotrexate-induced histopathological changes and biochemical alterations, as indicated by reduced levels of the tumour necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde, alongside elevated levels of interleukin-10 and superoxide dismutase. These findings suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of rutin may offer a promising strategy for mitigating the methotrexate-associated toxicity in submandibular gland tissues. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Psoriasis is a lifelong immune-driven skin condition characterized by excessive epidermal overgrowth and inflammatory cell infiltration. Gemifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone with improved immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that are believed to possess an attractive role in psoriasis via suppressing the production of cytokines, chemokines, and eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis. The aim of this research is to investigate the ameliorative effects of prolonged topical gemifloxacin (GMF) alone and combined with clobetasol propionate (CLO) on an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasis. Forty-eight Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups of eight. All groups except the negative controls got 62.5 mg of IMQ 5% topically for 8 days. Mice in the control group (controls) got Vaseline instead. Following the induction in the IMQ 5% group, mice in treatment groups CLO 0.05, GMF 1%, GMF 3%, and CLO + GMF obtained clobetasol propionate 0.05%, GMF 1% and 3%, and a combination of both, respectively, for an additional 8 days, rendering the experiment 16 days long. Our results revealed that gemifloxacin alleviated erythematous, thickened, and scaly psoriatic lesions and inhibited the tissue level of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The anti-inflammatory effect also occurred by hindering nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and reversing histopathological problems. Gemifloxacin acts effectively in mitigating psoriasis-associated lesions and restricting NF-κB-mediated inflammation, recommending gemifloxacin as a promising adjuvant candidate for additional studies on the long-term treatment of autoimmune and autoinflammatory dermatoses like psoriasis. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Sepsis is a type of systemic inflammatory disease caused by polymicrobial infection. To investigate the potential reno-protective benefits of cilostazol during sepsis-induced renal injury, forty male albino Swiss mice, 25 to 30 grams in weight and 8 to 12 weeks old, were employed in the present investigation. Both food and water were freely available to these animals. Mice were separated into the following four groups after two weeks of adaption. (n = 10): (1) Healthy group: apparently normal mice. (2) induced group: mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture operation. (3) DMSO group: mice received DMSO as a vehicle (4) cilostazol group: Cilostazol was administered intraperitoneally to mice for five days in a row at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. Compared to the CLP group, the cilostazol group showed a significantly (p<0.05) lower amount of NGAL in the kidneys. Additionally, compared to the CLP group, the cilostazol group showed a substantial (p0.05) decline in the levels of serum of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, & Interleukin-6). Additionally, compared to the CLP group, the cilostazol group had a significantly (p<0.05) increased renal SOD activity and decreased MDA level. Histologically, all animals in the CLP group displayed a substantial level of kidney tissue damage (p<0.05), whereas the cilostazol group displayed a significantly diminished level of kidney tissue injury. Their capacity to lower serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) has an anti-inflammatory impact. Additionally, they have an antioxidant impact by raising renal SOD activity and lowering renal MDA levels. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory consequence resulting from microbial infection, assessed as a worldwide healthcare issue. Sepsis can result in multiorgan dysfunction, including cardiac, renal, hepatic, and cerebral dysfunction. Cardiotoxicity can occur in humans and rodents during sepsis, leading to increased mortality. The current study aims to explore the possible cardioprotective effects of octreotide during sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity. This study was done with a total of forty male albino Swiss mice, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 25-30 gm. These animals had free access to food and water. After two weeks of adaptation, mice were divided into four groups (n=10): 1) Normal group: healthy mice; 2) CLP group: mice underwent CLP operation; 3) Vehicle group: mice received DMSO. 4) Octreotide group: mice received octreotide (10 mg/kg) subcutaneously in 2 divided doses for 5 consecutive days. All groups underwent CLP operation on the 4th day, then sacrificed on the 5th day then blood, and tissue sampling was done. The Octreotide group demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the myocardial levels of cardiac troponin-I as compared to the CLP group. Furthermore, the octreotide group demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the serum level of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, & IL-1β) as compared to the CLP group. Additionally, the octreotide group showed a significant (P<0.05) elevation in the myocardial activity of SOD and a reduction in MDA level compared to the CLP group. Histologically, all mice in the CLP group showed a significant (P<0.05) cardiac tissue injury, while the octreotide groups showed a significant (P<0.05) reduced level of cardiac tissue injury. The results of the present study revealed that octreotide attenuates sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity through different protective effects; they include the anti-inflammatory effect through their ability to decrease serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Also, the anti-oxidant effect through their ability to decrease myocardial levels of MDA and increase the myocardial activity of SOD. Additionally, the direct cardiac protective effect through the lower level of cardiac troponin- I and the reduction of histopathological changes during sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity. Copyright © 2023 by Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute.

Sepsis is an upregulated systemic inflammatory reaction that has been identified as a global health concern. It can lead to multiple organ toxicity, including cardiac, hepatic, and renal dysfunction. Sepsis can result in cardiomyocyte impairment, hypertrophy, and heart failure by increasing oxidative stress and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, elevated cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) during sepsis impairs heart contractile performance by decreasing myofilament response to calcium. The current study aimed to examine the possible effects of levosimendan against sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity. Forty male mice 8-12 weeks old and weighing 25-30 grams. After two weeks of acclimation, the mice were separated into four groups (n = 10): (1) Healthy group (n = 10). (2) CLP group: CLP operation was performed on mice. (3) DMSO group (4) Levosimendan group: 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) in 2 divided doses for 5 consecutive days. All groups underwent the CLP procedure on the fourth day, were sacrificed on the fifth day, and then samples were taken. The Levosimendan group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in myocardial troponin-I concentration compared to the CLP group. In addition, the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) serum levels in the levosimendan group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in the CLP group. In addition, the levosimendan group demonstrated a significant (p0.05) increase in myocardial SOD activity and a decrease in MDA level compared to the CLP mice. Histopathologically, the levosimendan group demonstrated a statistically significant (p0.05) reduction in cardiac tissue damage. Levosimendan attenuates sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity via multiple protective effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, according to the findings of the present study. In addition, the direct cardiac protective effect via the decreased cardiac troponin-I level and the attenuation of histopathological alterations during sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can be defined as changes in the functions and struc-tures of the tissues resulting from the restoration of blood after a period of ischemia. This study aimed to assess the potential protective effect of Fimasartan (angiotensin receptor antagonist) in the bilateral renal IRI in male rats through its potential effect on renal functions, modulation of the inflammatory cascade, oxidative stress, and apoptotic effect. The animals were equally assigned into four groups. The sham (neg-ative control) group was exposed to surgical conditions without induction of IRI. The control group was exposed to ischemia by occluding the renal pedicles by clamps for 30 min, followed by restoration of blood for 2h. The vehicle-treated group received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by intraperitoneal injection (IP) 30 minutes before clamp-ing. Fimasartan-treated group: rats pretreated with Fimasartan a dose of 3 mg/kg IP; this was half hour before occluding the renal pedicles. Animals were then exposed to 30 min ischemia (clamping the renal pedicles) followed by 2h reperfusion by releasing the clamps. Blood samples were collected to examine the levels of serum urea and cre-atinine. Renal tissue was used to measure the levels of cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of Bax, caspase 3, and Bcl-2. Histopathological analyses were performed to detect the paren-chymal injury. The present study shows that pretreatment with Fimasartan improves kidney function through its effects on oxidative stress, cytokines, and apoptotic markers. © 2022 JOURNAL of MEDICINE and LIFE.

This study intends to research nephrotoxicity of anadrol through evaluation of renal injury markers and histopathological study. Materials and techniques: A forty male rodents, loads around (200-300 gm), matured 8-12 weeks, after acclimatization, the rodents were randomly partitioned into four gatherings (n=10): control bunch (in which all rodents were regulated typical saline (NS) by means of oral gavage), anadrol 10 mg/kg bunch (in which all rodents were directed anadrol 10mg/kg through oral gavage), anadrol 20 mg/kg bunch (in which all rodents were managed anadrol 20mg/kg by means of oral gavage), and anadrol 30 mg/kg bunch (in which all rodents were managed anadrol 30mg/kg by means of oral gavage), the oral organization had gone on for a considerable length of time. Toward the finish of study urea and creatinine were estimated through compound examination. Then, at that point, renal histopathological study was finished. Results: Rats treated with anadrol showed elevated degree of urea and creatinine, as contrasted and control bunch. Then again, histopathological concentrate on showed huge damaging changes in the renal tissue in anadrol bunches contrasting and control. End: When given in high dosages anadrol brings about renal injury, that can be cleared by means of both raised degrees of renal injury markers and renal histopathological changes. © 2022 Veterinary Organization. All rights reserved.