بحوث سكوبس — علاء حمزه عباس سلطان البديري

Psoriasis is a life-long immune-mediated dermatosis with thickened, reddish, and flaky skin patches. Canagliflozin is a gliflozin antidiabetic with non-classical remarkable antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and immune-modulating effects. The aim of this study is to examine the probable effects of topical canagliflozin on a mouse model of imiquimod-provoked psoriasis-like dermatitis. The study evaluated 20 Swiss white mice, sorted haphazardly into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Every mouse, with the exception of the control group, had imiquimod applied topically to their shaved backs for 7 days. The control group included healthy mice that were not given any treatment. Mice in the other three groups underwent topical treatment with vehicle (induction group), 0.05% clobetasol propionate ointment (clobetasol group), or 4% canagliflozin emulgel (canagliflozin 4% group) on exactly the same day as imiquimod cream was administered. Topical canagliflozin markedly lowered the intensity of imiquimod-provoked psoriasis eruptions, featuring redness, glossy-white scales, and acanthosis, while also correcting histopathological aberrations. Canagliflozin administration to imiquimod-exposed animals resulted in significantly decreased cutaneous concentrations of inflammatory mediators such as IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α, with raised levels of IL-10. Canagliflozin further lowered proliferative factors involving Ki-67 and PCNA, diminished oxidative indicators such as MDA and MPO, and augmented the activity of antioxidant markers, notably SOD and CAT. Canagliflozin might alleviate the imiquimod-induced animal model of psoriasis, probably thanks to its profound anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative activities. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is triggered by immune-mediated, genetic, and environmental factors. Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with extended non-expected anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. This study aims to investigate the possible influence of two different concentrations of moxifloxacin emulgel on psoriasis induced via imiquimod in mice. Dividing 48 mice into six groups (8 mice for each group), all groups gated imiquimod to induce psoriasis (except group I) for 7 days. The induction group (Group II) received imiquimod cream for 7 days. The vehicle group obtained emulgel base for 7 days. The rest of the groups got calcipotriol 0.005% ointment, moxifloxacin 3% emulgel, and moxifloxacin 5% emulgel, respectively, once daily for a further 7 days after the induction period. Topical moxifloxacin had important anti-psoriatic activity by diminishing the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores and improving histological alterations during imiquimod application. Moreover, moxifloxacin significantly lowered the levels of inflammatory biomarkers like TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-23, and VEFG while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory biomarkers IL-10 and IL-37. Moxifloxacin also suppressed oxidative indicators such as MDA and elevated antioxidant enzyme levels, such as catalase. Moxifloxacin has substantial anti-psoriatic action against imiquimod-induced psoriasis through its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, moxifloxacin has a restorative effect on the histopathological alterations of mice’s skin induced by imiquimod. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents the primary cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Orientin is a natural bioactive flavonoid with profound immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. This study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of orientin on rat prototypes of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN. 75 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 15 rats each. Rats were fed a HFD for 4 weeks, injected with a single dose of STZ 30 mg/kg, and continued on HFD for 15 weeks. Orientin was administered daily at 40 mg/kg for 15 weeks. The diabetic group reported substantially greater fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and renal function measures than normal controls, as well as notable kidney histological abnormalities such as interstitial inflammation, glomerular shrinkage, and tubular necrosis. Additionally, the diabetic group showed dramatically greater amounts of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, MDA, and a much lower level of GSH than the control group. However, orientin had no effect on the glycaemic parameters, but it dramatically reduced blood creatinine levels, prevented the development of histopathological irregularities, and minimized the renal concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative markers. Orientin may be a promising natural medication for improving diabetic nephropathy thanks to its robust anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

Sepsis is the primary cause of mortality after infection and is considered a global health issue. This study aimed to investigate whether quercetin may have any potential nephroprotective effects during renal injury induced by sepsis. 40 male albino Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Normal control groups include mice that clearly exhibit good health. The CLP group included mice that underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery but received no treatment. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group administered DMSO as a vehicle. The quercetin group was administered quercetin 10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the renal levels of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was observed in the quercetin group compared to the CLP group. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) was observed in the quercetin group compared to the CLP group. Additionally, the quercetin group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in renal SOD activity and a reduction in MDA levels in comparison to the CLP group. Histologically, all mice in the CLP group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) renal tissue injury, whereas the quercetin group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in renal tissue injury. The quercetin exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), as well as an antioxidant effect by decreasing renal levels of MDA and increasing the renal activity of SOD. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

Introduction and aim. Hyperlipidemia is a pathogenic disease associated with significant cardiovascular complications. Rhus coriaria, traditionally recognized as sumac, is abundant in numerous phenolic constituents that enhance its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The aim was to investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological attributes of phenolic constituents of R. coriaria. Material and methods. 32 male albino mice were assigned at random into 4 groups (n=8). Group 1 (control), group 2 (induced), group 3 (atorvastatin) and group 4 (phenolic). All groups received a diet that was rich in fat for a duration of 28 days, except the control group, which instead consumed a standard diet. Group 2 received no treatment, while group 3 and group 4 received atorvastatin 10 mg/kg and phenolic fractions of R. coriaria 500 mg/kg, respectively, for a further 28 days. Lipid profiles, oxidative indicators, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathological examination were estimated. Results. Phenolic fractions substantially improved total cholesterol (167.5±2.4 vs. 280.4±17.6 mg/dL), triglycerides (181.1±12.5 vs. 238.6±11.05 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (109.0±1.6 vs. 209.2±16.8 mg/dL), and very low-density lipoprotein (36.2±2.5 vs. 47.7±2.21), while raising high-density lipoprotein levels (42.3±1.8 vs. 23.5±2.3 mg/dL) as opposed to the induced group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the phenolic constituents significantly reduced liver enzyme activities like alanine transaminase (27.4±1.8 vs. 45.2±2.8 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (31.7±2.1 vs. 44.9±2.0 U/L), and alkaline phosphatase (28.0±2.1 vs. 50.9±1.9 U/L), and decreased total blood bilirubin (0.6±0.08 vs. 1.7±0.1 mg/dL) and albumin (4.7±0.7 vs. 6.6±0.3 g/dL) when compared to the induced nontreated group (p<0.05). Phenolic treatment also alleviated tissue malondialdehyde (221.09±3.2 vs. 475.98±44.02 nmol/mL) and increased reduced glutathione (35.48±1.86 vs. 11.65±0.78 μg/mL) as compared to the group without induced non-treated group (p<0.05) and restored liver histopathological changes. Conclusion. Phenolic compounds have the potential to treat hyperlipidemia due to their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. © 2025 Rzeszow University Press. All rights reserved.

The chromones found in the dried roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata include cimifugin; in fact, Saposhnikovia divaricata is a main source of cimifugin. Vinpocetine is a synthetic version of vincamine derived from periwinkle; it is characterized by potent anti-inflammatory properties that allow it to reduce immune cell infiltration and suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential influence of a topically-applied combination of cimifugin and vinpocetine gels on a model of a psoriasis-like inflammatory skin reaction. To this end, we divided 48 albino BALB/c mice into six groups. All groups except for the negative control group received imiquimod topically (daily, for 7 days) for the induction of psoriasis-like skin lesions. A group received imiquimod (5%) only (positive control), while four other groups were also treated with a clobetasol (0.05%) cream, a cimifugin (3%) gel, a vinpocetine (3%) gel, or a combination of cimifugin (3%) and vinpocetine (3%) gels, once daily, for 7 days; the aforementioned treatments were first applied 7 days after the pharmacological induction of the lesions. Our findings revealed that the topically-applied combination of cimifugin-and vinpocetine-containing gels had an important anti-psoriatic effect, as seen by the diminishing of the skin levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17, and interleukin-23, thereby improving the imiquimod-induced histological changes in mice. We conclude that a topically-applied combination of cimifugin and vinpocetine can exert substantial anti-psoriatic activity. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

A cytokine storm is a severe and potentially fatal condition resulting from an excessive immune response. Epicatechin and huperzine A have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting their potential utility in mitigating tissue damage and cytokine storm severity. This study aimed to compare the protective effects of huperzine A and epicatechin in a cytokine storm-like murine model. Sixty male Swiss albino mice were randomly allocated into six groups. Except for the control group, all animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) in order to induce a cytokine storm. The induction group received LPS without further intervention. The remaining groups were pre-treated for three consecutive days prior to LPS administration as follows: vehicle group (1% dimethyl sulfoxide), methylprednisolone group (50 mg/ kg/day methylprednisolone), huperzine A group (0.2 mg/kg/day huperzine A), and epicatechin group (25 mg/kg/day epicatechin). The histological analysis of lung tissues and the quantification of serum cytokines – interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) – revealed that all pre-treated groups exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects. Notably, epicatechin conferred a more pronounced protective effect than either methylprednisolone or huperzine A, as evidenced by reduced pulmonary histopathological alterations and lower serum cytokine concentrations. In conclusion, both huperzine A and epicatechin demonstrated protective efficacy against the LPS-induced cytokine storm, with epicatechin showing superior performance in attenuating systemic inflammation and lung injury. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of various cancers and autoinflammatory disorders. However, it can adversely affect oral tissues, particularly impairing salivary gland function. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of rutin may counteract these toxic effects. This study aimed at examining whether rutin confers protective effects on the salivary glands of rats exposed to methotrexate. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned to three groups. The control group received normal saline intraperitoneally for 10 days. On day six of the experiment, the methotrexate group was administered methotrexate intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The methotrexate + rutin group also received rutin intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg once daily for 10 days. On day 11, the animals were euthanized, and their salivary gland tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analyses. Rutin markedly ameliorated the methotrexate-induced histopathological changes and biochemical alterations, as indicated by reduced levels of the tumour necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde, alongside elevated levels of interleukin-10 and superoxide dismutase. These findings suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of rutin may offer a promising strategy for mitigating the methotrexate-associated toxicity in submandibular gland tissues. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a chronic condition of the digestive system that can lead to serious complications, increasing both morbidity and mortality and adversely affecting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample and to evaluate patients’ responses to known risk factors associated with PUD. A descriptive study was conducted in hospitals located in Al Hilla, Iraq. A purposive sample of 100 patients diagnosed with PUD was selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages were used in order to categorize responses, while the mean and standard deviation were calculated in order to assess central tendency and variability. The findings revealed that patients reported high levels of exposure to several risk factors, including psychological stress, consumption of spicy foods, and intake of caffeinated beverages such as tea and coffee. The highest mean score was observed for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, whereas the lowest scores were recorded for alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and rapid ingestion of food. In conclusion, the study highlights that dietary habits and lifestyle factors play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of PUD. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Cytokine storm is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory condition that can result from infectious diseases, including COVID-19, as well as from non-infectious autoimmune disorders. This study has investigated the potential of glutathione to mitigate a cytokine storm in mice, particularly when administered in combination with prednisolone; a synthetic glucocorticoid. Fifty male albino mice were randomly assigned into five groups. The negative control group received 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intraperitoneally (i.p.), while the positive control group received a single i.p. dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 5 mg/kg. The treatment groups received either glutathione (200 mg/kg i.p.), prednisolone (5 mg/kg i.p.), or a combination of both drugs, each administered as a single dose, 1 h prior to the LPS injection. After 24 h, blood samples were collected in order to assess the serum interleukin-6 (IL6) levels, and lung tissues were harvested for histopathological analysis. The results demonstrated that glutathione, prednisolone, and their combination can significantly reduce the LPS-induced elevation of IL-6 levels (p<0.05) and can ameliorate the LPS-induced histopathological damage in the lung tissues of mice. In conclusion, pre-treatment with glutathione, prednisolone, or their combination can effectively attenuate both the systemic IL-6 elevation and the pulmonary histopathological alterations associated with cytokine storm. Notably, the combined administration of glutathione and prednisolone exhibited synergistic protective effects, suggesting their potential utility as prophylactic agents against cytokine storm syndromes. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Background: Oxidative injury to lens epithelial cells (LECs) is directly associated with cataracts, a major contributor to blindness globally. Objective: This work aimed to examine the mitigative impacts of Curcuma longa extract on selenite-evoked cataract in rabbits. Methods: Twelve rabbits were divided into three groups: healthy controls, a sodium selenite-induced cataract group, and a treatment group receiving both sodium selenite and Curcuma longa extract eye drops. A single intravitreal injection of sodium selenite led to the inducement of a cataract in the right eye of rabbits. The main indicators were ophthalmoscope readings, scanning electron microscope images of the eye’s lenses, and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements together with the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aqueous humor. Results: The mean of the lens opacity score and MDA level was significantly reduced by Curcuma longa extract eye drops as juxtaposed to the cataract-aggravated group (p < 0.01). The homogeneous structure of the lens is demonstrated in the scanning electron microscope image of the lens that was treated with Curcuma longa extract eye drops. Conclusion: The eye drops prepared from the acetone extract of Curcuma longa demonstrated remarkable preventive actions on sodium selenite-induced cataracts in the rabbit model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. This process is essential for growth and tissue repair. However, it also plays a crucial role in supplying nourishment and oxygen to tumours, thereby facilitating their growth and metastasis. Among more than 1800 species in the Aizoaceae family, Mesembryanthemum cordifolium is one of the most abundant, owing to its pharmacological properties. Although the ethnobotanical use of M. cordifolium suggests therapeutic potential, the specific anti-angiogenic activity of its constituent fractions, particularly the non-polar components, has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study aimed to bridge this gap by evaluating the anti-angiogenic effect of the petroleum ether fraction of M. cordifolium. The whole plant was sequentially processed by defatting with n-hexane, followed by exhaustive extraction with 85 % methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. The crude methanolic extract was then subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation to obtain petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. The petroleum ether fraction was phytochemically characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The anti-angiogenic potential was assessed using the ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. A dose-response relationship was determined by testing the fraction at five concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) against a negative control (1 % DMSO). Compared with the negative control, the results showed that the petroleum ether extract of M. cordifolium inhibited the growth of blood vessels in a concentration -dependent manner. The study demonstrates that the petroleum ether fraction of M. cordifolium possesses potent anti-angiogenic properties ex vivo. © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

This study aimed at evaluating the performance of school health providers at primary health centers in Al-Hilla City (Hillah) through the application of a quality assurance framework. A descriptive evaluation study was conducted from October 5, 2024 to March 25, 2025. A purposive sample of 63 individuals was selected using a non-probability sampling technique from 15 primary healthcare centers, drawn from two health sectors within the Al-Hilla City Center under the Babylon Health Directorate in Iraq. The sample comprised 20 members of the medical staff and 43 members of the nursing staff. A panel of thirteen experts participated in a pilot study in order to assess the reliability of the evaluation instrument through content validity and internal consistency metrics. The findings indicate a growing demand and a diminishing supply of workforce in primary health care. The quality assurance assessment of school health activities performed by medical and nursing staff revealed a fair overall performance. However, health education services provided to teaching staff and students were found to be suboptimal. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most pressing challenges in contemporary public health. Neonates and children are among the most vulnerable populations, not only by being at heightened risk of developing AMR, but also for being among the ones most frequently being prescribed antibiotics, particularly for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). This study aimed at examining the relationship between antibiotic overuse and resistance in paediatric patients with recurrent RTIs. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed from 10 December 2023 to 10 March 2024, targeting children in the Babil Province (Iraq) that were selected through a non-probability convenience sampling method. Findings revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic prescription errors: 62% of the cases involved inadequate course duration, 69% of the patients received duplicate therapy, and 61% were prescribed antibiotics with insufficient dosing frequency. A significant association was observed between these prescription errors and a history of recurrent RTIs. Such errors appear to contribute to the development of AMR, not only in children but potentially extending to adult populations. Given the potentially fatal consequences of antibiotic misuse, both paediatricians and parents must exercise rigorous caution when administering antibiotics to children. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Triage refers to the placement of patients in the appropriate setting at the appropriate time in order for them to receive the appropriate level of care, along with the allocation of resources tailored to their medical needs. A descriptive study was conducted in order to assess nurses’ knowledge of medical triage between October 15, 2023, and April 1, 2024. A non-probability convenience sample comprising 50 nurses working in the Emergency Unit of the Al Hillah Teaching Hospital was included. The study utilized a questionnaire developed through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and modified as necessary. Its content validity was established through evaluation by a panel of five experts. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, self-administered questionnaire in Arabic, employing both interview and self-report formats. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 24. The general level of nurses’ knowledge regarding medical triage, as assessed in this study, was found to be fair to good. It is recommended to appoint qualified registered nurses so as to enhance the quality of care provided in medical triage settings. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Tobacco use remains one of the most pressing global health challenges. Approximately 80% of smokers worldwide reside in low-and middle-income countries, where the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality is disproportionately high. Cigarette smoking is notably prevalent among university students. This study aimed at investigating and evaluating the awareness and determinants of smoking status within a university student sample, and at examining the association between awareness levels and smoking-related determinants. A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 230 university students who smoke, recruited from Baghdad City. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to assess participants’ awareness of smoking-related harms and the factors influencing their smoking behavior. The majority of the participants were male and aged between 18 and 23 years. Most reported smoking cigarettes and hookah, and demonstrated awareness of the harmful effects of smoking, including its role as a major cause of lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory conditions. The lowest level of agreement was recorded for the statement linking smoking to road traffic accidents. Nearly half of the participants acknowledged that smoking negatively affects family income. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between students’ awareness and the determinants of smoking status, as well as with their sociodemographic characteristics. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Psoriasis is an uncontrolled, long-lasting inflammatory dermatosis distinguished by thickened, erythematous, and flaky skin lesions. Massive amounts of inflammatory cytokines are produced when immune system imbalances are driven by genetic and environmental triggers. Vinpocetine (VNP), a man-made analogue of the compound vincamine found in the dwarf periwinkle herb, has robust anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-oxidative effects; alleviates the epidermal penetration of immune cells, such as eosinophils and neutrophils; and abolishes the generation of pro-inflammatory molecules. Objective: This study was aimed at exploring the effects of long-term topical VNP, both alone and co-administered with clobetasol propionate, in an imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis. Methods: The study protocol consisted of 48 Swiss albino mice, randomly divided into six groups of eight mice each. In group I, petroleum jelly was administered daily for 8 days. In group II, imiquimod was administered topically at 62.5 mg daily for 8 days. In groups III, VI, V, and VI, 0.05% clobetasol propionate, 1% VNP, 3% VNP, and 3% VNP plus 0.05% clobetasol were administered topically for an additional 8 days after the induction, thus resulting in a total trial length of 16 days. Results: Topical VNP at various doses alleviated the severity of imiquimod-induced psoriatic lesions—including erythema, silvery-white scaling, and thickening—and reversed the histopathological abnormalities. Moreover, imiquimod-exposed animals treated with VNP showed markedly diminished concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-17A, IL-23, IL-37, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and transforming growth factor-β1. Conclusion: This research provides new evidence that VNP, alone and in combination with clobetasol, may serve as a potential adjuvant for long-term management of autoimmune and autoinflammatory skin diseases, particularly psoriasis, by attenuating psoriatic lesion severity, suppressing cytokine generation, and limiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation. © 2023 The Authors

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory dermatosis characterized by thickened, reddened, and scaly skin lesions. Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with enhanced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory bioactivities. The aim of this study was to figure out the possible impact of topical norfloxacin on an imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis in mice. Thirty albino-type mice were split into five distinct groups of six animals each. The control group included healthy mice that had not received any treatment. The induction group was given the vehicle 2 h after the topical imiquimod, once daily for 8 days. Two hours after receiving topical imiquimod, the treatment groups including calcipotriol, norfloxacin 2.5%, and norfloxacin 5% were given topical ointments containing calcipotriol 0.005%, norfloxacin 2.5%, and norfloxacin 5%, for 8 days. Topical norfloxacin ointment significantly reduced the severity of imiquimod-exacerbated psoriatic lesions including erythema, shiny-white scaling, and acanthosis and fixed histological abnormalities. Furthermore, imiquimod-subjected mice treated with a higher concentration of norfloxacin ointment exhibited dramatically lower skin levels of inflammation-related biomarkers like IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, and TGF-β but higher levels of IL-10. They also demonstrated a notable decrease in angiogenesis parameters such as VEGF and IL-8, a substantial reduction in oxidative indicators like MDA and MPO, and a considerable rise in antioxidant enzymes like SOD and CAT. This study offers novel evidence that norfloxacin may assist in controlling inflammatory dermatoses like psoriasis by minimizing the severity of psoriatic plaques, correcting histological alterations, and diminishing the production of inflammatory, oxidative, and angiogenetic parameters. © 2024 American Chemical Society.

Psoriasis is a lifelong immune-driven skin condition characterized by excessive epidermal overgrowth and inflammatory cell infiltration. Gemifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone with improved immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that are believed to possess an attractive role in psoriasis via suppressing the production of cytokines, chemokines, and eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis. The aim of this research is to investigate the ameliorative effects of prolonged topical gemifloxacin (GMF) alone and combined with clobetasol propionate (CLO) on an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasis. Forty-eight Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups of eight. All groups except the negative controls got 62.5 mg of IMQ 5% topically for 8 days. Mice in the control group (controls) got Vaseline instead. Following the induction in the IMQ 5% group, mice in treatment groups CLO 0.05, GMF 1%, GMF 3%, and CLO + GMF obtained clobetasol propionate 0.05%, GMF 1% and 3%, and a combination of both, respectively, for an additional 8 days, rendering the experiment 16 days long. Our results revealed that gemifloxacin alleviated erythematous, thickened, and scaly psoriatic lesions and inhibited the tissue level of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The anti-inflammatory effect also occurred by hindering nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and reversing histopathological problems. Gemifloxacin acts effectively in mitigating psoriasis-associated lesions and restricting NF-κB-mediated inflammation, recommending gemifloxacin as a promising adjuvant candidate for additional studies on the long-term treatment of autoimmune and autoinflammatory dermatoses like psoriasis. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor (SGLT2) that drops blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose reabsorption and encouraging glucose excretion. Other benefits of empagliflozin include cardiovascular protection, lowering uric acid levels, and reducing liver damage brought on by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). to investigate the possible influence of two different concentrations of empagliflozin gel on psoriasis induced via imiquimod in mice. dividing 40 mice into five groups (8 mice for each group). All groups gated imiquimod to induce psoriasis (except group I) for seven days. The induction group (Group II) received imiquimod cream for seven days. The rest of the groups gated Clobetasol propionate cream 0.05%, empagliflozin 1% gel, and empagliflozin 3% gel, respectively, once daily for seven days after seven days of induction by imiquimod. The outcomes exhibited that topical empagliflozin had important anti-psoriatic activity by diminishing the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score and improving histological alterations during imiquimod application; moreover, it elevated anti-inflammatory biomarker IL-37 and lowered inflammatory biomarkers TNF-α and IL-17. Empagliflozin has substan-tial anti-psoriatic action against imiquimod-induced psoriasis through its anti-prolif-erative and anti-inflammatory effects. Also, empagliflozin has a restorative effect on the histopathological alterations of mice's skin induced by imiquimod. © 2024, Brawijaya University. All rights reserved.