بحوث سكوبس — مازن هادي كزار

This study aims to investigate to what extent citizen journalists in the Kingdom of Bahrain comply with social responsibility code by adhering to the media law and legislation in Bahrain. This investigation is done using news verification tools as a variable. The methodological framework of the research relies upon a survey of a sample of 132 citizen journalists carried out from January 1 to March 28, 2025. Three research findings emerged. First, two key pillars need to be emphasized for the success of citizen journalism in the Kingdom of Bahrain. These two pillars which are raising awareness of media laws and regulations and fostering a sense of social responsibility are viewed to be capable of leading to increased verification of news before publication, making citizen journalism an effective tool in societal engineering and avoiding sensationalism at the expense of credibility. Second, there is the need to adopt professional ethical guidelines to fit the specific context of citizen journalism. Third, the imperative of organizing educational initiatives and outreach programs in order to promote professional ethical practices among citizen journalists cannot be overstressed. These results explain that the essence of establishing citizen journalism in the Kingdom of Bahrain lies in transforming publishing from an available technical act to a responsible standard practice that is subject to the balance of law, ethics, and professional culture. Copyright © 2026 Aman, Elgammal, Fawzy, Kzar and Braimoh.

Background and purpose: Sumatriptan is used to alleviate symptoms of migraine headaches, particularly during acute attacks. Naproxen is a medication that provides relief from pain, inflammation, and fever. Therefore, determination of them is important. Experimental approach: In the present work, CoMoO4 nanos-heets were synthesized in a basic and easy way. A screen-printed graphite electrode's surface was altered using the as-prepared CoMoO4 nanosheets' high electroactivity to create a CoMoO4 nanosheets-modified screen-printed electrode (CoMoO4 NSs-SPE), which was then employed for sumatriptan's electrochemical oxidation. Due to the superior electron transfer characteristics and catalytic activity of the produced CoMoO4 nanosheets, the results demonstrated a notable improvement in sumatriptan's current responses. This study examined the electrochemical behavior of sumatriptan on the CoMoO4 NSs-SPE utilizing a number of methods, including as chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Key results: With a high sensitivity of 0.0718 μA/μM and a good correlation value of 0.9998, a linear calibration curve was obtained over a broad concentration range of 0.02-600.0 μM, suggesting a strong linear connection between the concentration and the response. Based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, the limit of detection for sumatriptan was determined to be 0.01 μM, suggesting a high degree of sensitivity for the detection technique. DPV results showed that the CoMoO4 nanosheets-modified screen-printed electrode (CoMoO4 NSs-SPE) could detect naproxen and sumatriptan at the same time. Conclusion: The created sensor's usefulness and efficacy in real-world applications were demonstrated when it was successfully used to identify the target analytes in actual samples. © 2025 by the authors.

The primary objective of this review is to present a comprehensive examination of the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial applications of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). COFs represent a distinct category of porous materials characterized by a blend of advantageous features, including customizable pore dimensions, substantial surface area, and adaptable chemical properties. These attributes position COFs as promising contenders for various applications, notably in the realm of antibacterial activity. COFs exhibit considerable potential in the domain of antibacterial applications, owing to their amenability to functionalization with antibacterial agents. The scientific community is actively exploring COFs that have been imbued with metal ions, such as copper or silver, given their observed robust antibacterial properties. These investigations strongly suggest that COFs could be harnessed effectively as potent antibacterial agents across a diverse array of applications. Finally, COFs hold immense promise as a novel class of materials for antibacterial applications, shedding light on the synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of COFs tailored for specific purposes. The potential of COFs as effective antibacterial agents beckons further exploration and underscores their potential to revolutionize antibacterial strategies in various domains. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

In this paper, density functional theory calculations have been employed to study the interaction of curcumin through β-diketone- and enol- forms with the borospherene molecule (B40) and its silicon-doped variant (SiB39) for application as a nanocarrier for designing a drug delivery system. The obtained results from binding energies analysis indicated that the enol form (state II: −1.32 eV) and β-diketone form (state III: −2.51 eV) of curcumin prefers a strong polar covalent B-O and Si-O bonds through carbonyl groups after the interaction with B40 and SiB39 fullerenes. The boron fullerene doped with silicon atom improves the adsorption of β-diketone form and has higher binding energy values and increased dipole moment. So, SiB39 fullerene is more sensitive to the presence of β-diketone (state III: 76.84 %) and enol form is (state IV: 93.68 %) compared to the B40 fullerene due to the alteration in energy gap. According to molecular docking analysis the β-diketone curcumin conjugated with SiB39 (state III) and B40 fullerenes (state I) revealed the best binding affinity with the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) receptor (-8.9 kcal/mol) and the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) receptor (-8.8 kcal/mol). The anticancer activities of β-diketone curcumin conjugated B40 and SiB39 fullerenes improved in comparison with curumin towards Epidermal growth factor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 receptors. Molecular docking simulation analysis illustrated that the interaction of curcumin conjugated B40 and SiB39 fullerenes have great potential for the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities in contrast to Curcumin. Thus, the molecular docking and density functional theory analysis confirm that curcumin decorated B40 and SiB39 fullerenes have significant potential to be explored further in cancer and inflammation treatments. © 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transformation is a cutting-edge technology to eliminate greenhouse effects and produce valuable chemicals as well as fuels. Herein, we report an elaborate engineering for improving the efficiency of Zr-based Bipy-UiO-67 metal–organic framework (ZBU) in CO2 transformations. As demonstrated, tuning the catalytic performance by incorporating Co into ZBU (ZBU-Co) was realized as a practical strategy to affect the CO2 insertion to epoxides in terms of conversion, green procedure, recyclability, chemical/thermal stability, time, and energy. Also, extending the diversity of the reaction to bulky epoxides showed that increasing temperature is an effective remedy for achieving complete conversion. Importantly, in comparison with the homogeneous and heterogeneous counterparts, ZBU-Co illustrated superior results. On the other hand, ZBU-Co exhibited potential application in photocatalytic reduction of CO2, endowing bi-functional feature to the catalytic system. Accordingly, higher CO2 adsorption capacity and CO evolution were recorded for ZBU-Co compared to the pristine ZBU. Furthermore, the ability to recover the catalyst for four cycles is a valuable characteristic from environmentally/eco-friendly aspects, which further proves the versatility of the modified MOF in the photocatalytic reaction. Overall, ZBU-Co is considered a promising candidate for CO2 transformations due to the several advantages in CO2 insertion and photocatalytic reduction. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

The green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles has become an area of great interest due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. The use of green-synthesized nanoparticles in biomedical applications, particularly in the detection and treatment of bacterial infections, has gained significant attention in recent years. Among the various types of inorganic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied for their potential applications in the detection and treatment of Escherichia coli as known E. coli infections. This review provides an overview of the green synthesis and characterization of inorganic nanoparticles, with a focus on AuNPs, and their applications in E. coli detection and treatment. The review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of green synthesis methods. The characterization techniques used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS & Zeta potential analysis are also discussed. The review further highlights the potential of AuNPs in E. coli detection and treatment, including their use as labels in lateral flow immunoassays and as antimicrobial agents. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of green-synthesized AuNPs in E. coli detection and treatment are discussed. In the end, this review emphasizes the significance of green synthesis techniques in the creation of inorganic nanoparticles with prospective uses in biology. © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality of burn patients. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Body mass index”, “Burns” and “Mortality” from the earliest to the April 1, 2023. The quality of the studies included in this systematic review was evaluated using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). Finally, six articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 16 154 burn patients participated in six studies. Their mean age was 46.32 (SD = 1.99). Of the participants, 71.7% were males. The mean length of hospitalization was 18.80 (SD = 8.08) days, and the average TBSA in burn patients was 38.32 (SD = 2.79) %. Also, the average BMI in burn patients was 27.10 (SD = 1.75). Results found mortality in patients with abnormal BMI (overweight to morbidity BMI) was 0.19 more than normal BMI (ES: 1.19, 95%CI: 0.76–1.87, Z = 0.75, I2: 71.8%, p = 0.45). Results of linear dose–response showed each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 5% increase in mortality that was marginally significant (ES: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00–1.11, Z = 1.99, I2: 22.2%, p = 0.047). There was a non-linear relationship between levels of BMI and mortality (Prob > χ2 = 0.02). There was an increase in mortality from percentile 10 to 50, although it was not significant (Correlational coefficient: 0.01, p = 0.85). Also, there was an increase in mortality rate from percentile 50 to 90 that was statistically significant (correlational coefficient: 0.06, p = 0.047). Finally, the results of the study indicated BMI can increase the chance of mortality by 0.19, although it was not significant. As a result, more studies are needed to better judge the relationship between BMI and mortality in burn victims. © 2023 The Authors. International Wound Journal published by Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This paper reports on the findings from a study that aimed to identify and characterize the constituents of Ocimum basilicum extract using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, as well as assess the physicochemical properties and stability of nanoemulsions formulated with O. basilicum extract. The GC–MS analysis revealed that the O. basilicum extract contained 22 components, with Caryophyllene and Naringenin identified as the primary active constituents. The nanoemulsion formulation demonstrated excellent potential for use in the biomedical field, with a small and uniform particle size distribution, a negative zeta potential, and high encapsulation efficiency for the O. basilicum extract. The nanoemulsions exhibited spherical morphology and remained physically stable for up to 6 months. In vitro release studies indicated sustained release of the extract from the nanoemulsion formulation compared to the free extract solution. Furthermore, the developed nanoformulation exhibited enhanced anticancer properties against K562 cells while demonstrating low toxicity in normal cells (HEK293). The O. basilicum extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with a potential synergistic effect observed when combined with the nanoemulsion. These findings contribute to the understanding of the constituents and potential applications of O. basilicum extract and its nanoemulsion formulation in various fields, including healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Further optimization and research are necessary to maximize the efficacy and antimicrobial activity of the extract and its nanoformulation. Research Highlights: This study characterized the constituents of O. basilicum extract and assessed the physicochemical properties and stability of its nanoemulsion formulation. The O. basilicum extract contained 22 components, with Caryophyllene and Naringenin identified as the primary active constituents. The nanoemulsion formulation demonstrated excellent potential for biomedical applications, with sustained release of the extract, low toxicity, and enhanced anticancer and antimicrobial properties. The findings contribute to the understanding of the potential applications of O. basilicum extract and its nanoemulsion formulation in healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, highlighting the need for further optimization and research. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This thorough review examines the latest developments in Metal-Organic Gels (MOGs), including their structure, properties, synthesis, and characterization methods. The scientific community is captivated by MOGs and their unique attributes, sparking interest and envisioning potential applications in various domains. This paper emphasizes the profound influence of synthetic parameters, including solvent choice, pH, concentration, temperature, reaction duration, and metal-to-ligand ratio, on the morphology, mechanical characteristics, kinetics, and overall optimization of MOGs. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing MOG formation and appreciating the pivotal role of synthetic conditions in tailoring their properties is imperative. Various synthetic strategies for MOG fabrication and a spectrum of characterization techniques are examined, offering insight into prospective applications. However, looking ahead, there is a clear need for a more organized approach to research, focusing on streamlining synthetic processes and advancing characterization methodologies. This will unlock the full potential of MOGs, propelling innovative and tailored properties for specific applications, thus driving the field towards a promising future. Consequently, this review underscores the urgency for sustained research efforts, envisioning a future where MOGs stand as versatile materials, reshaping the landscape of advanced materials and technologies. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

Ensuring everyone enjoys healthy lifestyles and well-being at all ages, Progress has been made in increasing access to clean water and sanitation facilities and reducing the spread of epidemics and diseases. The synthesis of nano-particles (NPs) by using microalgae is a new nanobiotechnology due to the use of the biomolecular (corona) of microalgae as a capping and reducing agent for NP creation. This investigation explores the capacity of a distinct indigenous microalgal strain to synthesize silver nano-particles (AgNPs), as well as its effectiveness against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and its ability to degrade Azo dye (Methyl Red) in wastewater. An extract of Spirulina platensis was obtained from a local source to synthesize silver nano-particles (AgNPs). The synthesized AgNPs were subsequently subjected to characterization utilizing several analytical methods, namely UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR analysis). Subsequently, the disc diffusion method assessed their anti-bacterial efficacy against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and their ability to degrade Azo dye (Methyl Red) in wastewater. The nano-particles produced through biological synthesis exhibited a prominent peak in the UV-visible spectrum at a wavelength of 430 nm. Furthermore, these nano-particles were determined to possess a crystalline nature, with an average size of 28.72 nm and a distinctive star-like shape. The synthesized silver nano-particles (AgNPs) exhibited a dose-dependent anti-bacterial effect against some clinical bacterial isolates as multi-drug resistant (MDR), including Gram− ve bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as well as Gram+ ve bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The action can be ascribed to the unique biological and physicochemical features of AgNPs, which facilitate the disruption of bacterial cell membranes. The UV-visible analysis solution after the introduction of AgNPs indicated that the decrease in the absorbance peak of methyl red was attributed to the existence of silver nano-particles. Metal nano-particles can be synthesized using environmentally friendly processes and hold great potential for combating multi-drug resistant bacteria and degrading Azo dyes. Silver nano-particles (AgNPs) are synthesized with an extract derived from the algae Spirulina platensis, which is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. © The Author(s) 2024.

We analyzed the mercaptopurine adsorption on AlN nanostructures consisting of zero-dimensional nanoclusters, one-dimensional nanotubes, and two-dimensional nanosheets using calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption energy, energy band gap, fluctuations in the energy band gap, charge transfers, and types of interactions that take place after mercaptopurine is adsorbed on the AlN nanostructures have all been calculated using DFT. The results show MP adsorption energies on AlN nanoparticles are −4.22, −5.95, and −8.70 eV. In this situation, MP molecules have been drawn to the surface due to the higher adsorption energies available on the AlN nanosheet (a process known as chemisorption). The Atoms in Molecules inquiry was conducted to learn more about and better comprehend the binding properties of the investigated AlN nanostructures utilizing mercaptopurine. Our findings indicate the mercaptopurine/AlN nanosheet bonding’s electrostatic properties. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of the AlN nanostructures increases whenever mercaptopurine is adsorbed on them. This shows that the AlN nanoparticles might function as chemical sensors and offer an electrical signal in mercaptopurine. The following is the order of sensitivity: AlN nanosheet > AlN nanotube > AlN nanocluster. The outcomes indicate that the nanosheet has the most potential for mercaptopurine detection among the AlN nanostructures. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

In this study, aqueous, ethanol, methanol, and hexane extracts from Iraqi Kurdistan Region Daphne mucronata were prepared due to the numerous applications and development of nanofibers in biological and medical fields, including food packaging, enzyme stabilization, and wound dressing. In the initial evaluation of the extracts, the antioxidant properties against DPPH, antimicrobial properties against 3-gram-positive bacterial species, 3-gram negative bacterial species, 3-common bacterial species between aquatic and human, and 3-fungal species, and anticancer properties against breast cancer cells were performed. The results proved that the methanol extract has the highest antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. After identifying the compounds of prepared methanol extract using GC/MS, polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of Daphne mucronata were prepared. The structure and characteristics of prepared nanofibers were confirmed and determined using FTIR, TGA, BET, SEM, flexural strength, compressive strength, and hydrophilicity. Synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of D. mucronata were subjected to antimicrobial properties on the strains studied in methanol extract of D. mucronata. The antimicrobial properties of synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of D. mucronata were compared. The results showed that synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of D. mucronata have the potential to introduction bioactive natural synthesis nanoparticles. Copyright © 2023 Muzammil, Kzar, Mohammed, Mohammed, Hamood, Hussein, Hanoon, Qasim, Hussien Alawadi and Alsalamy.

Objective: A member of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group, lactobacilli are well-known for their probiotic properties. They also possess several unique properties, including the ability to produce lactic acid, enzymes like – galactosidase, secretory proteinaceous toxins, and bacteriocins, which are naturally occurring antimicrobials. Bacteriocin is a bio-preservative substance with the potential (when employed as a natural food preservative) to inhibit the growth of some pathogenic bacteria in the food business, although it is not commercially available, little used, and expensive. Methods: The study aimed to isolate and identify Lactobacillus spp. from milk and yogurt, and then some isolates were selected with the potential to produce bacteriocins to suppress the growth of some pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical infection as MDR bacteria. Results: 35 samples were collected from milk and yogurt, and then 12 isolates of Lactobacillus spp. were isolated. one isolate was selected to extract the bacteriocins to evaluate their activity against some pathogenic bacteria. The findings of this study showed all bacteria under study are MDR and bacteriocins have an effective action as antibacterial. Conclusion: This research showed the potential of bacteriocin as a food bio-preservative to prevent food spoiling and harmful bacterial growth. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in numerous nations across the globe, all public schools in Iraq were forced to close. Teachers were put in a difficult position because of the necessity of accommodating online learning. The Ministry of Education in Iraq has obligated all schools to substitute face-to-face teaching processes with online learning. The Ministry also put forward several educational projects and platforms, such as Newton, Classera, and My School through Educational TV. Although these projects were urgent, they created many issues for students, teachers and schools. The results of this study reveal that online learning in Iraq experienced substantial growth during the breakout of the Corona virus crisis. Schools have the potential to take advantage of the new educational methods, and also transform their teaching practices. On the other hand, this new approach faces many challenges, including technological, educational, and social. Unreliable communications and a weak Internet are among the biggest challenges, as well as many students' lack the electronic devices required for learning. Moreover, despite the abundance of digital resources, both teachers and students have low abilities at using electronic tools. The study recommended the necessity of accelerating technological readiness by training students and teachers to use technological applications and providing educational platforms that have the ability to meet their needs, as well as strengthening the role of educational supervision. © 2023 Author(s).

Background: Recent studies suggest that individuals who underwent noncurative endoscopic resection for gastric cancer may require additional surgery. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the risk of lymph node metastasis in these cases. Methods: We comprehensively examined relevant literature by extensively reviewing electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Subsequently, we analyzed clinicopathological outcomes and calculated pooled odds ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals using diverse effects models. Results: This analysis included 12 papers with 4808 individuals who underwent additional surgery after noncurative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer. The results indicated significant associations between lymph node metastasis and submucosal invasion (Odd ratio 2.04, 95% (CI): 1.58-2.63, I 2 = 88.7%; p<0.001), vertical margin (Odd ratio 6.11, 95% (CI): 1.94-19.23, I 2 = 0%; p<0.001), lymphatic invasion (Odd ratio 10.02, 95% (CI): 7.57-13.27, I 2 = 92%; p<0.000), and vascular invasion (Odd ratio 7.11, 95% (CI): 5.49-9.22, I 2=92%; p<0.000). Conclusion: When choosing factors for surgical treatment, it is essential to thoroughly consider the invasion of lymph nodes, vascular system, submucosa, and positive vertical margin. © 2023 Ayub Medical College. All rights reserved.

For everyone, at all ages, to live healthy lives and to promote well-being, there should be good health and welfare at every stage of one's life, beginning at birth, whereas health and wellbeing are crucial. Strong health systems are essential for treating and preventing infectious illnesses as well as providing mothers and children with life-saving treatments. Having a well-trained health workforce, a robust infrastructure, a consistent supply of medicines and equipment, and the ability to quickly identify and address health emergencies are all components of a strong health system that provides care to those in need regardless of where they live or their financial situation. Under ideal conditions, cells of the innate immune system detect the danger signals provided by developing tumors. These signals induce hypertrophy, activate innate effector cells with antitumor activity, stimulate antigen-presenting cells on endogenous tumor cells or antigens, and then travel through lymph nodes to inform adaptive (T and B) lymphocytes. Despite this excellent screening process, tumor presence suggests that the advanced tumor somehow avoids detection or overburdens the immune response. Cancer cells have developed a number of strategies that help them evade or resist the host's immune response. Through understanding the mechanism by which these cells evade the immune response, scientists hope to devise techniques to increase tumors immunity and the success of their treatment. In this review, we try to explain the ways and strategies that cancer cells have used to evasion from immune system in an attempt to understand these mechanisms and try to find standard solutions, therapeutic measures, and targets have developed or are investigated to promote tumor rejection. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).

This study investigated the influence of two different devices with lower torso sports training in patients with asthma. Patients with asthma (n=300) aged 55-60 years with FEV1/FVC ratio<65%, who were repeatedly admitted to a pulmonary rehabilitation centre, participated. Patients were evaluated and randomized into two groups (experimental group 1; EXP-1, n=150, who applied a conventional threshold loading device, and experimental group 2; EXP-2, n=150, who used an innovative respiratory training device). Patients were included only if they met the global criteria for asthma. The experimental intervention period lasted 10 weeks with 3 weekly training sessions lasting 30-40 min. The maximal inspiratory pressure (PI, max), pulmonary function test, baseline dyspnoea index (BDI), oxygen saturation, and 6 min walking test (6MWT) performance were all measured at baseline and postintervention. Also, an assessment of the 1 min repeated exercise performance (leg extension and leg press) was performed. Moreover, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire was used to quantify the quality of life (SGRQ). Statistical analysis displayed significant favourable effects on 6MWT, leg press, and FRV1, for patients using both devices (EXP-1 and EXP-2, respectively) with lower torso athletic training. The other variables, weight SPO2 and SGRO, also showed no significant change in neither EXP-1 nor EXP-2. Thus, the new respiratory training device (EXP-2) appeared to be as effective as the conventional threshold loading device (EXP-1). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated beneficial effects of combining respiratory training with athletic training in asthma patients. Additionally, the validity of a unique respiratory training device for asthma patients was confirmed. © 2023 Shimal H. Hamad et al.

The maintenance of the human body, including any actions that may be taken to keep it free from disease and intoxication and to facilitate access to treatment, are all part of good health. Having a wide variety of molecular weights, polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a hydrophilic, uncrosslinked, nonlinear system polymer. It’s made from ethylene oxide, which has a lot of advantages for medicine administration and antimicrobial purposes. Polyethylene oxide bactericidal activity at different PEO concentrations value (80, 40, 20 and 10 μg/ml) against five isolates of Bacillus cereus isolated and identification from azo dye is investigated in this work (random selection from total isolates). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each isolate were calculated, and PEO’s antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion test. 85 Bacillus cereus isolates were collected from total azo dyes, PEO has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect against tested bacteria, with an inverse connection between inhibitory zone diameter and PEO concentration, also even exceeds the activity of some drugs. The MICs of PEO ranged from 10 to 20 μg/ml, with MBCs ranging from 20 to 80 μg/ml. In other trials, PEO was shown to be strongly attached to bacterial cells, which might explain its effect on bacterial inhibitory growth and their invasion. At an appropriate concentration, PEO significantly inhibited bacterial growth. To avoid the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, it is strongly recommended that PEO be used as a cost-effective antibacterial agent, particularly when mixed with deys used at home or in enterprises. © 2023, Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE). All rights reserved.

In this paper, we delve into the intricate interplay between optical fields with varying relative phases in a closed-loop configuration semiconductor quantum well waveguide with four distinct energy levels, and how it impacts the Fraunhofer diffraction patterns obtained via four-wave mixing. By harnessing a strong control field, a standing wave driving field, and two weak probe and signal fields, we drive the waveguide to generate these patterns with maximum efficiency. To achieve this, we consider three distinct light-matter interaction scenarios, where the system is first set up in either a lower electromagnetically induced transparency or a coherent population trapping state, followed by a final state that enables electron spin coherence (ESC) induction. Our results reveal that the efficiency of Fraunhofer diffraction in the quantum well waveguide can be enhanced significantly under specific parameter regimes via the spin coherence effect. Further investigation of the light-matter interaction in the ESC zone, where only one of the control fields is a standing wave field, demonstrates that spin coherence facilitates more efficient transfer of energy from the probe light to the third and fourth orders, highlighting its crucial role in shaping the diffraction patterns. © 2023 Astro Ltd.

Due to its low cost, mild steel is frequently employed as a construction material in many industries. Unfortunately, due to the limited corrosion resistance of mild steel, it should be protected with barrier layers to keep it from corrosion in acidic or basic environments. An N-propionanilide derivative, namely 3-keto-3-((indolin-2-oneylidene)hydrazinyl)-N-propion-anilide (KIHP), was studied as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in a hydrochloric acid solution at a temperature of 303 K using gravimetrical measurements and density functional theory (DFT) simulation. The findings demonstrate that KIHP performs well as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl, with a greater inhibition efficacy of 95.3 percent for gravimetrical analysis at 0.0005 M KIHP concentration. The gravimetrical measurements at various temperatures (303 K to 333 K) were also studied at 5 hours immersion time. It was found that he protection efficacy decreases as the temperature rises. Based on our findings, we believe that KIHP could efficiently inhibit the acidic damage on a mild surface through physical and chemical adsorption. We computed separately the Gibbs free energy parameter. Quantum chemical simulations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory were also applied to compute some electronic properties of molecules in an effort to see if there was a relationship between the inhibitory action and the structure of KIHP molecule. © 2022, Russian Association of Corrosion Engineers. All rights reserved.

Corrosion is a major economic issue all around the world. Corrosion inhibitors, organic chemicals in particular, are among the most effective ways to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. A Schiff base, namely 2-((mercaptoquinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (MQT), was investigated at concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 0.0005 M as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 M sulfuric acid environment at various temperatures (303, 313, 323, and 333 K). The inhibition efficiency (IE%) of the investigated Schiff base was evaluated using the weight loss technique. The weight loss technique shows that increasing the concentration of the tested inhibitor enhances inhibition efficacy (from 43 to 93%), with the highest protection performance found at a concentration of 0.0005 M. According to the weight loss measurements, the Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best suitable model of adsorption, with negative values of free energy between −20 kJ·mol−1 and −40 kJ·mol−1 suggesting a spontaneous nature of simultaneous physical and chemical adsorption. As a result, the high percent IE of the examined compound was interpreted as substantial adsorption of the organic molecules on the mild steel surface. This resulted in the formation of a shielding layer between the mild steel surface and the acidic environment. Furthermore, all of the chemical descriptors generated from DFT show that the tested inhibitor is well absorbed by mild steel sites. Quantum chemistry computations were used to determine the molecular geometry and electronic structure of the molecule. The energy difference between the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) has been checked using a theoretical approach to indicate a chemical reactivity and kinetic stability. Finally, the mechanisms of mild steel corrosion in the H2SO4 environment and prevention of mild steel corrosion by the tested Schiff base were examined. © 2022, Russian Association of Corrosion Engineers. All rights reserved.

Leadership style is a critical factor in achieving success in any field or goal. In sport, it is necessary to consider the complementarity between the coach’s leadership style and sporting satisfaction to achieve team success. In this study, we examine this factor using 194 male football players from public university teams. The research methodology aims to examine the multidimensional model of leadership style to understand the relationship between the five types of leadership styles training and instructions, social support, positive feedback, democratic leadership and autocratic leadership and athletes’ satisfaction. Both aspects were captured through (i) the Leadership Scale of sports to assess leadership style and (ii) the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire to assess athlete satisfaction. SPSS was used in statistical analysis of data. From the correlation results, the relationships between all facets of leadership style (training and instruction, autocratic style, democratic style, social support, and positive feedback) and athlete satisfaction are significant. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis found that autocratic leadership was negatively associated with athlete satisfaction. In contrast, a positive relationship was found for the styles of training and guidance, democratic leadership, social support and positive feedback. The relationship between the coaches’ leadership style and the athletes’ satisfaction is underlined by the results of this research. The leadership style practised by the coach, with which the athletes are satisfied, achieves the desired goal of promoting quality education. © 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.

The researchers believe that the most of these institutions that have a positive impact on individuals and society are sports clubs, as “the sports field represents the most important realm of investment in human wealth, as it is distinguished from all other fields. The right climate for working and the formation of positive attitudes among individuals.In order to carry out its tasks successfully, it needs leaders qualified to work with diverse and intertwined human groups, including administrators, coaches, assistant coaches, players, and the public. Disagreements or conflicts that are one of the types of social interactions such as cooperation and coordination, which are practiced openly or implicitly in order to achieve certain goals, so the conflict expresses some of the organizational behavior problems that sports management faces the responsibility of treating, and then conflict management becomes an essential part of the managers’ jobs. The research problem focused on the following two questions: What are the methods of dealing with the organizational conflict common to the administrative bodies in the sports clubs of the Middle Euphrates region, and do the administrative and training cadres in the sports clubs of the Middle Euphrates region have the effectiveness of addressing the sports organizational conflict? (Calming, confrontation, compulsion, bargaining, avoidance) The researchers concluded that the confrontational method is the most used method by the administrative bodies in sports clubs, their coaches and assistants in the Middle Euphrates region when dealing with organizational conflict. The IOC promotes gender equality in terms of balancing the total number of athletes participating at the Games, offering leadership development, advocacy and awareness campaigns, and working towards balance in leadership roles within the administration and governance. Successful management in the sports field produces good learning for skilled administrative performance in all sports activities. © 2022, Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia del Ejercicio y el Deporte. All Rights Reserved.

The study of the knowledge outcome of fencing law and its importance for Arab referees, coaches and players, it called on the researcher to use the descriptive approach in a comparison method between them. The researcher used an electronic cognitive test in some articles of the international law of fencing and distributed it through social networking sites to them. After data collection and statistical processing. The researcher reached the most important conclusions from them; The attribute factor (arbiter, coach, player) has an effective impact on the knowledge outcome of the fencing law. The state factor alone does not affect the level of the knowledge outcome of the fencing law. The interaction between the state and the trait did not reach the level of the knowledge outcome of the fencing law. The researcher recommends the following: The necessity of adopting the electronic test in the referees promotion tests. And work on holding regular training and arbitration courses and workshops on international fencing law for referees, coaches and players. And conducting other research on the articles of international fencing law in the English language, especially for first-class referees, for the purpose of preparing them for international promotion. © 2022

The coach is the basis of the training process, and its effect appears in the way he applies the skills and training plans in the various and changing playing situations in all events at the time of volleyball. Their goal is to bring about desirable changes for the players by raising the effectiveness of their performance. Effective training is characterized by specific strategies that can be applied, and therefore the effective coach is the one who uses these strategies that consist of a separate skill set. For example, the effective supervision strategy consists of the coach moving in an unexpected pattern and increasing the behavior related to the implementation of the task, eliminating the inappropriate behavior quickly and decisively, and finally providing the players with appropriate feedback. Hence, the significance of the research in studying the professional behavior of coaches and showing the extent of their effectiveness during training and competitions from the point of view of futsal football players. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the level of professional performance competencies for coaches, because the failure to disclose the level of professional behavior competencies represents one of the shortcomings that affect the possibility of developing the coach's level, which is reflected in his capabilities in raising the level of his players in terms of physical, skill, tactical and psychological aspects. The research aims to reveal the levels of professional behavior competencies of volleyball coaches in some Iraqi clubs, in addition to knowing the differences between them. The research sample amounted to 96 players representing 6 clubs from the Premier League in futsal for the 2019-2020 season. The researchers used the professional performance scale, which consisted of 91 items distributed over 5 main axes. The researchers concluded the following: - There are no statistically significant differences between coaches of sports clubs. - There are differences between trainers according to years of experience - The levels of trainers were distributed between very good and weak, and most of the sample was concentrated in the medium level, with a rate of 41.17%. - The levels of trainers were distributed between very good and weak, and most of the sample was concentrated in the medium level, with a rate of 41.17%. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.

The process of teaching and methods of teaching depends on the means of transferring information from teacher to learner. This method whenever appropriate, the process of learning was better, faster and less effort. There have been many ways or means of transferring information and have made great progress because of the development of modern concepts of the educational process. Concentration of attention and its relation to the skills of chest handling and correction of the free throw basketball at the Center for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons, and the search there are significant differences between the results of tribal and remote tests of the experimental group and for the tests dimension (14) players aged (10-14) years, and through the results were reached the conclusions and the most important: 1 - that the exercises have a special impact Good in the development of concentration of attention Fastness of performance of chest handling and accuracy of free throw of stability in the experimental group Recommendations 1 - attention to focus development attention Speed of handling chest handling and accuracy of free kick correction and other characteristics of the disabled © 2021, Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia del Ejercicio y el Deporte. All Rights Reserved.

Modern educational technologies are among the educational means, tools and devices, taking into account the learning environment and how to organize it to serve the educational situation. The problem is the lack of interest in educational activities and events that aim at the comprehensive growth of the student’s personality. The research for the educational design according to the Kemp model has a positive effect on the compatible abilities and learning the skill of peaceful shooting in basketball. As for the research method, the researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the sort of the problem. The sample members were divided into two equal experimental groups in basketball, they are (20) female students, and they were divided into two groups (controller) and (experimental) and by lottery (10) students for each group. The College of Physical Education and Sports Science for Girls The recommendations are to work on organizing the content of the course with an educational design according to the steps of the Kemp model and in a manner that is appropriate and achieves the educational goals set © 2021, Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia del Ejercicio y el Deporte. All Rights Reserved.

Antioxidants are a line of defense that protects the cells of the body. Attacking the stray oxygen molecules. The function of these antioxidant is to add a group of electrons to the blood vessels to give them to electrolytes or monovalent free radicals so that they stabilize and calm down and do not destroy cells. Thus, antioxidants work to achieve a balance between free radicals and antioxidants In the cell and keeps the cell from being damaged. Increased electrolytes or free radicals work To weaken the ability of antioxidants’ and enzymes secreted by cells despite the fact that the cell has a self-protection and a defensive line to secrete self-antioxidants, and here the importance of antioxidants arises. These metabolic changes increase the oxidative effort and affect the ability to achieve and the efficiency of athletes, as well as the body contains a lot of antioxidant systems Oxidative stress that includes enzymes such as GSH) Glutathione Dos) Super oxide D ismutses. Exercise can produce an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, which is referred to as oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidant supplements are marketed to and used by athletes as a means to counteract the oxidative stress of exercise. Whether strenuous exercise does, in fact, increase the need for additional antioxidants in the diet is not clear. This research showed the role of free radicals in causing oxidative stress during exercise. The results showed significant increased in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (as an index of lipid peroxidation) glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismuatse activity (SOD) in subjects after efforts of exercise in comparison with the control group. © 2021, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

The importance of cerebral hegemony, which uses one of its demanding patterns, has its role in learning some basic skills in flying feathers. The organization of the learning process and the use of patterns of brain hegemony intended to raise the level of knowledge, and the achievement of learning goals for these skills and accelerate their performance. So study aimed to: identify the impact of an educational program according to the dominance of the brain in acquiring scientific knowledge and learning some basic skills in flying feathers. And to identify the statistical differences between students according to the dominance of the brain used in their thinking to acquire scientific knowledge and learn some of the basic skills of feather in the post-test. The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the problem and objectives of the research. The sample of the study included (36) female students of the third stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon for the academic year 2018 – 2019. The researchers used statistical bag SPSS for data processing. They reached the following conclusions: The use of brain dominance in learning has a very significant and effective impact in acquiring scientific knowledge and some basic skills in fly feather. There were statistically significant differences between the tribal and post- tests of experimental groups in learning some basic skills in feather and for post- tests. The researchers recommend the following: The need to use a modern tutorial that takes into consideration type of pattern of brain dominance in learning other skills badminton. © 2019 University of Jordan,Deanship of Scientific Research. All rights reserved.