بحوث سكوبس — تمار ميثم عبدالوهاب

Three crucial stations, Kufa, Al-Abbasiya, and Al-Manathera, were used to monitor the water quality of the Euphrates River in Al-Najaf Governorate in 2023 and 2024. The following 14 critical components were assessed pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3-), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), total hardness (TH), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), sulfate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity (Alk), and turbidity (turbidity). The mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum values for each element were computed for each year. According to the statistics, in 2023, it was discovered that Al-Abbasiya had the greatest values for pH and dissolved oxygen, while Al-Manathera had the highest values for most elements. Kufa station has the lowest dissolved oxygen readings in 2024. Values for the water quality index (WQI) climbed from 81.4-101.6 in 2023 to 150.8-190.2 in 2024 across all stations when the weighted arithmetic index technique was used. This caused the water quality index at the Kufa and Abbasiya stations to drop from "good" to "poor," but Al-Manathera station continued to be categorized as poor by international standards. In order to preserve the river system and guarantee the sustainability of water resources, these findings highlight the urgent necessity for management actions. ©2025 The authors.

The current modeling study involved the development of a new statistical model for predicting the spread of infectious epidemics and counts the expected number of infections in crowded cities and how to develop infected cities into intelligent cities according to international standards. The study was completed based on historical infections that occurred in the city of Hillah in central Iraq and the Weka program was used to evaluate the infection number on the basis of historical infections, city’s infrastructure, metrological elements, and social education. The study included the scenarios of predicting the infections of epidemic due to Changing Infrastructure and Intelligent City scenarios. It was found the percent reduction of infections in the Changing Infrastructure of a city was ranged between (39.3%-100%) in January and between (6.5%-25.7%) in July, while in the case of Intelligent City the percent reduction was ranged between (66.6%-100%) in January and between (30.5%-75.2%) in July 2030. The main finding is that the number of infections decreases mainly by relying on the restructuring of infrastructure according to intelligent cities and the infection number is affected a lot by climate changes, especially the temperatures that are unfortunately uncontrollable. The study recommends using smart city specifications in designing cities to resist epidemics in the future. © 2025, AP2. All rights reserved.

The current modeling study involved the development of a new statistical model for predicting the spread of infectious epidemics and counts the expected number of infections in crowded cities and how to develop infected cities into intelligent cities according to international standards. The study was completed based on historical infections that occurred in the city of Hillah in central Iraq and the Weka program was used to evaluate the infection number on the basis of historical infections, city’s infrastructure, metrological elements, and social education. The study included the scenarios of predicting the infections of epidemic due to Changing Infrastructure and Intelligent City scenarios. It was found the percent reduction of infections in the Changing Infrastructure of a city was ranged between (39.3%-100%) in January and between (6.5%-25.7%) in July, while in the case of Intelligent City the percent reduction was ranged between (66.6%-100%) in January and between (30.5%-75.2%) in July 2030. The main finding is that the number of infections decreases mainly by relying on the restructuring of infrastructure according to intelligent cities and the infection number is affected a lot by climate changes, especially the temperatures that are unfortunately uncontrollable. The study recommends using smart city specifications in designing cities to resist epidemics in the future. © (2024), (Urban Creativity). All Rights Reserved.

Pavement deterioration is often the result of intense traffic and increased runoff from storms, floods, or other environmental factors. A practical solution to this challenge involves the use of permeable pavements, such as permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP), which are designed to effectively manage water runoff while supporting heavy traffic. This research investigates the effectiveness of PICP in two distinct surface patterns: stretcher bond and 45° herringbone, by assessing their performance in terms of water infiltration and runoff using two different methods. The first approach has been conducted experimentally using a laboratory apparatus designed to simulate rainfall. Various conditions were applied during the performance tests, including longitudinal (L-Slope) and transverse (T-Slope) slopes of (0, 2, and 4%) and rainfall intensities of (40 and 80 L/min). The second approach has been implemented theoretically using Surfer 2.0 software to simulate the distribution of infiltrated water underneath the layers of PICP. Moreover, the behavior of PICP has been analyzed statistically using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The results indicated that at a rainfall intensity of 40 L/min, equal infiltration was observed in both patterns on 0% and 4% T-Slope. However, the 45° herringbone PICP showed better infiltration on the 8% T-Slope. Additionally, at 80 L/min rainfall, equal infiltration was observed in both patterns on 0% L-Slope for 0% and 4% T-Slope. The 45° herringbone PICP also demonstrated higher water infiltration on the 8% T-Slope, and this trend continued as the L-Slope increased. PICP with a 45° herringbone surface pattern exhibited superiority in reducing runoff compared to the stretcher bond pattern. The statistical models for the stretcher bond and 45° herringbone patterns demonstrate high accuracy, as evidenced by their correlation coefficient (R2) values of 99.97% and 97.32%, respectively, which confirms their validity. Despite the variations between the two forms of PICP, both are strongly endorsed as excellent alternatives to conventional pavement. © 2025 by the authors.

The properties of construction materials are an influential factor in the engineering formation. Attention and caution must be paid when selecting them during design decisions. Concrete, like other materials, has evolved over the years. Its specifications have changed in keeping pace with the development of construction techniques, methods and doctrines over the years. Since the use of modern and environmentally friendly building materials contributes to reducing heat gain and allows the passage of natural light to improve energy efficiency, which is one of the most important principles of sustainable green architecture, and with the technological development witnessed by these materials, materials have resulted that aim to improve and preserve the environment and energy, in addition to the creative aspect in the design process to achieve a modern environmental design idea that is compatible with environmental engineering requirements, including transparent concrete. The research problem lies in the extent to which transparent concrete can be used in buildings instead of traditional concrete, so that it contributes to engineering creativity in sustainable design without affecting its structural function. The research adopted the inductive deductive method in collecting and analyzing readings and deducing results from them, as the study focused on collecting data on study variables and factors through previous studies, analyzing the scientific material that was collected, and deducing the relationship between the study variables. The study reached results that transparent concrete can play a role in improving lighting levels within spaces. It can also improve the internal environment so that it is sustainable. The study recommended some recommendations that would enhance the use of transparent concrete in buildings to achieve sustainability for buildings by improving energy efficiency. © 2024, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved.