البريد الالكتروني

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رقم الهاتف

6163

العودة إلى الملف الشخصي
مياده وحيد فلاح

بحوث سكوبس — مياده وحيد فلاح

هندسة مدني • انشاءات

66 إجمالي البحوث
1108 إجمالي الاستشهادات
2026 أحدث نشر
6 أنواع المنشورات
عرض 66 بحث
2026
1 بحث
Zamzeer A.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Jasim T.A.; Qraywi M.; Falah M.; Radhi S.
Kufa Journal of Engineering , Vol. 17 (1), pp. 157-175
Article Open Access English ISSN: 20715528
Mechanical Engineering, Altinbas University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Aeronautical Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, AL-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Challenges of open-channel flow are discussed, with emphasis on energy dissipation and the difficulties brought by channel design for hydraulic pressure and velocity measure. The influence of the rheology of the slurry on channel design is also complicated. The objective of this work is to study the flow behavior in open channels of different shapes and with variable wall stability (fixed and movable). ANSYS Fluent (Release 2, 2021) Computational Fluit Dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed for the velocity distribution and pressure profiles in four configurations of channels: parallel, zigzag, wavy and curved. The study examines the effects of channel height variations and various inlet velocity (6, 3, and 0.3 m/s) on flow behavior. Findings indicate that increasing channel height reduces internal pressure, while lowering the height increases it, with pressure also varying by channel geometry. The curved channel shows the maximum pressure at a height of 0.5 m, and the channel with wavy shape exhibits the maximum pressure at 2831.92 MPa, with the curved channel reaching 3384.85 MPa under fixed-wall conditions. © 2026, University of Kufa. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Channels shapes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Fixed and movable channels
2025
16 بحث
Salman A.J.; Albusalih D.; Jasim T.A.; Radhi N.S.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Falah M.
Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering , Vol. 28 (1), pp. 14-29
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 27568210
Technical College of Al-Mussaib, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, 51006, Iraq; Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, 54003, Iraq; College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51013, Iraq; Scientific Research Centre, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
To develop Titanium implants that are biocompatible, non-toxic and exhibit antibacterial properties, it is imperative to apply biomaterial coatings that meet the stringent standards required for biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is extensively used as a coating for bone implants due to its exceptional biocompatibility. However, Titanium's vulnerability to corrosion and bacterial colonization within the physiological environment poses significant challenges that can undermine the long-term success of implants. This study explores the in vitro behaviour of a composite coating composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and varying concentrations of nano-silver (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) on a Titanium substrate, utilizing the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. Given Titanium's prevalent use in orthopaedic and dental implants for its favourable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, enhancing its surface characteristics is essential for implant longevity. The HA-nano silver composite coating is designed to augment Titanium's surface by improving its resistance to corrosion, enhancing biocompatibility and providing antibacterial protection. The coatings were applied at 30V for 30 minutes and their crystallinity, morphology and microstructure were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Corrosion resistance was evaluated through potentiodynamic polarization in simulated body fluid (SBF). The findings indicate that the HA-nano silver coating markedly enhances the corrosion resistance of Titanium, with the 10% silver coating showing a significant reduction in corrosion current density. These results underscore the potential of HA-nano silver coatings in advancing the performance of Titanium-based surgical instruments, particularly in improving both biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. © 2025, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bioimplant Biomaterial electrophoretic deposition and biocompatibility surface modification Titanium
Jebur Y.M.; Kareem Y.N.A.; Abed M.A.; Hashim T.M.; Nasr M.S.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Falah M.; Khalaf D.H.
International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology , Vol. 18 (6), pp. 1363-1379
4 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 19966814
College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Highway and Airport Engineering, Diyala University, Baqubah, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Najaf, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Design, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Premature failure of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements in Iraq is typically caused by heavy loading, which requires frequent maintenance. Several approaches should be developed to prevent such failure and construct efficient and cost-effective pavements. In this study, a stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture is suggested as an alternative to reduce the damages in terms of rutting resistance and prolong the pavement’s service life. The SMA is a gap-graded mix of two ingredients, asphalt mortar and coarse aggregate. This study aims to design and evaluate SMA mixtures utilizing two kinds of asphalt binder (virgin and modified) and a stabilizing agent. Crumb rubber (CR) is a type of recycled rubber utilized as a binder modifier with four mixing proportions (5, 10, 15, and 20%). On the other hand, cellulose fiber pellets (CFP) are plant-based waste materials utilized as stabilizing agents with four percentages (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%). It is believed that incorporating these wastes into asphalt mixtures significantly impacts the environmental footprint. The generated Superpave SMA mixtures are assessed regarding their mechanical characteristics (air voids, voids filled with asphalt, and voids in mineral aggregate). Several lab tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the produced SMA mixtures, including a drain-down test, tensile strength ratio (TSR) test, resilient modulus (MR) test, and flexural fatigue test. The findings indicated that the SMA mixtures with (0.4% CFP + 15% CR) had superior resistance to permanent deformation and moisture damage. In addition, at (0.4% CFP + 15% CR), the SMA mixtures achieved the lowest drain-down value and the highest resistance to flexural fatigue against the control mix. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cellulose fiber pellets Crumb rubber Drain-down Fatigue life Moisture damage Resilient modulus Stone matrix asphalt
Sulaiman M.M.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Shareef Z.N.; Falah M.
Engineering Access , Vol. 11 (1), pp. 57-64
4 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 27304175
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Babylon, Babil, Hilla, Iraq; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
It is a widely accepted scientific fact that emissions of greenhouse gases, mostly Carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuels, contribute to global warming. However, the world's energy industry continues to rely mostly on fossil fuels, which still provide an 85percent of the world's energy needs. The realization has set in that fossil fuels would remain the main energy source for many years due to the lack of economically viable sources of renewable power and the availability of cheap fuels including coal. Consequently, it is imperative to create technology that allows for the continued use of fossil fuels while reducing the amount of Carbon dioxide released into the environment. To minimize emissions into the atmosphere, CO2 from pollution sources should be captured. The theory behind several methods of CO2 collection will be examined in this study, and their benefits and drawbacks will be considered. After that, a selected separation method will be thoroughly examined by running simulations of the process utilizing the program As-pen Plus with three solvents, including NH3, DEA, and MEA. The effectiveness of the separation process was examined concerning operational circumstances. In contrast with other solvents, DEA stands out because of its increased CO2 removal efficiency and its decreased sensitivity to lean loading. © 2025, Mahasarakham University Faculty of Engineering. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Carbon capture Chemical absorption DEA MEA NH3
Abdelrazek A.H.; Mat Ali M.S.; Falah M.W.; Ahmed W.; Eltaweel M.; Al-Kouz W.; Homod R.Z.; Alawi O.A.; Yaseen Z.M.
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Mechanical Engineering , Vol. 49 (4), pp. 1913-1932
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 22286187
Mechanical Precision Engineering Dept. (MPE), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Centre of Micro-Nano System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering and Industrial Professions, University of North Alabama, Florence, United States; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basra, Iraq; Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310 UTM, Malaysia; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
The current work compares the hydrothermal performance of single and hybrid aqua-based nanofluids prepared from Alumina, functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs), and a nanocomposite of both nanomaterials. In addition to the effect of nanofluid type on thermal performance, the study investigates the effect of flow scheme and highlights the effect of nanofluids heat capacity rate on heat transfer to evaluate the performance of nanofluids in heat transfer applications. The flow under a constant Reynolds number from 10,000 to 20,000 was the first flow scenario in the current study. The second scenario investigated the nanofluids thermal performance under a constant volume flow rate between 3.86 and 7.71 l/min. The heat transfer study for all types of nanofluids was conducted numerically using a CFD model created by the ANSYS-Fluent package, which was validated using experimental data from distilled water (DW) run experiments. All nanofluids concentrations showed a higher Nu number than the DW at the constant Re number scheme, with the highest average enhancement of 10.2% when using 0.1 wt.% Alumina nanofluid. At the constant flow rate scheme, all nanofluids concentrations showed lower Nu number in comparison with the DW. Based on its thermal performance, the results showed the advantage of f-MWCNTs nanofluid over the Alumina and hybrid nanofluid. Moreover, the DW has the highest thermal performance at both flow schemes compared to all nanofluid concentrations. The f-MWCNTs nanofluid of 0.05 wt.% presents the highest performance of 80% in comparison with other nanofluids concentrations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD modelling Circular pipe MWCNTs nanoparticles Nanocomposite
Yaseen Z.M.; Doost Z.H.; Khan R.; Abdulraheem A.; Abdulameer S.F.; Falah M.W.; Farooque A.A.
ACS Omega , Vol. 10 (40), pp. 46714-46734
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 24701343
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Canadian Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PE, Canada; Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
The expanding impact of heavy metals (HMs) on environmental and public health necessitates the development of advanced predictive models that enhance the precision and efficiency of monitoring and remediation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate newly developed machine learning (ML) models for predicting the removal of HMs such as cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), lead (Pb2+), and zinc (Zn2+) using chitosan-based flocculants (CBFs) from wastewater. A gradient boosting regressor (GBR), Hist gradient boosting regressor (HGBR), random forest regressor (RFR), and extreme gradient boosting regressor (XGBR) were developed, with a cluster label generated by K-means clustering included as an additional feature to enhance model learning. The ML models were built using experimental data sets of HM ion removal across 484 sets of flocculation experiments involving various ions of HMs such as Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+. Results indicated that the HGBR model revealed higher performance in combined HM removal scenarios, achieving a determination coefficient (R2= 0.94/0.97 for the testing/training phases. For individual metals, all models achieved excellent accuracies, especially for nickel (Ni2+), with the GBR model obtaining the lowest error rate in the testing. The results signified a robust capability of the HGBR model for generalization and its capacity as a trustworthy tool in the framework of environmental monitoring. Future research directions required the exploration of the synthesis of these models into real-time predictive monitoring systems and an exploration of the application of integrated ML approaches to boost the predictive accuracy and reliability across wider environmental conditions. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Stezhko N.; Falah M.W.; Alasadi L.A.
Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences , Vol. Part F666, pp. 441-453
Book chapter English ISSN: 2524342X
Kyiv National University of Economics Named After Vadym Hetman, Kyiv, Ukraine; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Structures and Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
Various economic and environmental challenges in modern manufacturing systems can be addressed through sustainable material management (SMM). This paper presents an analysis of integrating SMM into manufacturing processes to reduce waste, optimise resource utilisation and mitigate environmental impacts. By utilising approaches such as circular economies, life-cycle assessments and advanced technologies, SMM helps industries maximise efficiency while minimising resource dependency. A case study and industry trends illustrate how SMM contributes to economic growth, technological advancement and environmental protection. Additionally, the report provides policymakers, manufacturers and researchers with practical solutions to address challenges such as resource scarcity, regulatory pressure and economic viability. This paper offers a roadmap for embedding SMM into global industrial practices to achieve a balance between industrial growth and ecological preservation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Assessments Circular Economy Eco-Friendly Manufacturing Life-Cycle Sustainable Development Sustainable Material Management (SMM)
Saeed I.A.; Nasser I.F.; Jihad S.A.-A.; Falah M.W.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , Vol. 1507 (1)
Conference paper Open Access English ISSN: 17551307
Civil Technology, Institute of Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Natural sand is widely used as fine aggregates in preparation of usual cement mortar and concrete. Natural sand firstly standing in the construction materials list that are endangered due to excessive consumption in building process and should be conserved. This study emphasis on using powder and ash of Date seed as alternative material for natural sand in the ratio of 50% and 100%, and investigate the variation in mortar's properties through curing period of 7 and 28 days. The results indicated that the 50% date seed powder replacing ratio was satisfied the mortar strength. However, increased water absorption of the mortar. While, the 50% date seed ash replacing ratio was improved the strength and declined the water absorption. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cement mortar Date seed ash Date seed powder Natural sand
Alaiwi Y.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Jasim T.A.; Mahdi M.A.T.; Falah M.; Al-Kafaji M.R.H.
CFD Letters , Vol. 17 (9), pp. 145-162
Article Open Access English ISSN: 21801363
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Altinbas University, Istanbul, 34217, Turkey; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Aeronautical Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Wind power became easy to access, clean, safe and cost-competitive among all renewable energy sources. It became one of the fastest-growing renewable energy resources in electricity generation. The wind power Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is proportional to the swept area. A multi-rotor can increase the area of the wind turbine in an array or a large diameter of a single rotor. Rotor sizes are continuously expanding with mature technology. In this research, a study was carried out to describe the flow simulation of a two-rotor, three-blade, ducted horizontal-axis wind turbine to evaluate its performance. The coefficient of performance increased by converging channels with convergence angles of 20° and 12°, respectively, because convergent ducts cause an increase in wind speed. DMRWT simulation and numerical analysis by MATLAB and ANSYS FLUENT. Both approaches presented good results. © 2025, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ducted dual rotorconvergent multi-rotor wind turbine (CMRWT) horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) MATLAB Wind turbine
Kalista A.; Falah M.W.
Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences , Vol. Part F666, pp. 454-465
Book chapter English ISSN: 2524342X
Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban, Jawa Timur, Tuban, Indonesia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
As traditional pavement materials continue to face environmental challenges, green infrastructure is gaining popularity. A study published in this volume examines eco-friendly pavement technologies that address issues such as energy consumption, resource depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. These technologies include recycled aggregates, permeable pavements and bio-based binders. In addition to promoting sustainability, these materials enhance stormwater management, reduce maintenance costs and extend the lifespan of infrastructure. The study identifies several implementation barriers, including cost, performance uncertainty, and regulatory challenges, and proposes strategies to overcome them. This paper explores innovative materials, their performance, and how they can be integrated into construction practices to support sustainable development. By providing actionable insights for stakeholders, it facilitates the transition toward environmentally friendly infrastructure that is both resilient and responsible. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Eco-Friendly Pavement Green Infrastructure Permeable Pavements Recycled Aggregates Sustainable Construction
Lei W.; Aldlemy M.S.; Falah M.W.; Oudah A.Y.; Alawi O.A.; Ahmadianfar I.; Goliatt L.; Deo R.C.; Odey G.; Yaseen Z.M.
Journal of Cleaner Production , Vol. 530
Article English ISSN: 09596526
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Artificial intelligence Research Center (AlRC), Ajman Uhuyersiy, P.0 Box: 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Collage of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Benghazi, 16063, Libya; Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies, Benghazi Branch, Benghazi, 16063, Libya; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Computer Sciences, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq; Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Thermofluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran; Department of Computational and Applied Mechanics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil; School of Mathematics, Physics, and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, QLD, Australia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Academic Belt Road, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are becoming an increasing concern for major countries worldwide, especially in communities across various scales. This situation emphasizes the critical importance of accurate carbon emission forecasting, particularly in effectively developing and adjusting short-term carbon reduction strategies. Nevertheless, daily-level forecasting is specifically challenging in a big data context due to carbon emission data's complicated, non-stationary, and non-linear character. To tackle this issue, an adaptive meta-learning framework for Deep ensemble architectures (AMLDE) model is developed in this research to forecast the CO2 emission. Moreover, a robust optimization method called the ADL-TLBO (Adaptive teaching-learning-based optimization with differential evolution) algorithm is developed to extract the main parameters of the AMLDE model. To increase the forecasting accuracy of the AMLDE method, a hybrid decomposition method based on the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) method, multi-scale complexity fusion (MCF), and variational mode decomposition (VMD) is developed. The proposed framework is applied to forecast CO2 in three countries (China, the United States of America (USA), and India). The statistical results show that the AMLDE can predict CO2 with high accuracy (correlation coefficient ( R ) up to 0.988) and low extreme error (RMSE = 0.168 to 0.382, and MaxAE = 0.836 to 2.516). Finally, based on risk analysis, the proposed model can achieve the "Very Low" risk to forecast CO2 in all countries. Therefore, it can be used as a valuable forecasting tool to better manage the challenges of CO2 emissions in countries. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Carbon emission Deep learning Governmental awareness Meta-learner Risk analysis
Falah M.W.; Al-Mulali M.Z.; Fakhir N.G.; Al-Khafaji Z.
Annales de Chimie: Science des Materiaux , Vol. 49 (4), pp. 395-403
Article Open Access English ISSN: 01519107
Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Construction and Projects Department, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, 54002, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Al-Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
This study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of utilizing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), derived from waste concrete cubes, as a substitute for natural coarse and fine aggregates in structural concrete. Five concrete mixes were designed with RCA replacement levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight. The experimental program followed a fixed mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 (cement:sand: coarse aggregate) with a water-to-cement ratio adjusted to maintain a constant slump of 45 mm. Fresh properties were evaluated through slump and compaction factor tests, while hardened properties were assessed using compressive and tensile strength tests at 7 and 28 days. RCA was prepared by crushing laboratory-tested concrete cubes to meet grading standards for both fine and coarse fractions. Results demonstrated that mixes incorporating RCA required increased water content to maintain workability. The mix with 25% RCA substitution exhibited optimal performance, achieving 96% compaction, 94% of the reference compressive strength, and 79% of the reference tensile strength at 28 days. Additionally, a quantitative economic assessment revealed a cost reduction of $1.56/m3 at this substitution level. These findings confirm that the partial replacement of natural aggregates with RCA offers a technically sound, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable solution for concrete production, particularly in regions burdened with high volumes of construction waste. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: coarse aggregate concrete waste fine aggregate recycled concrete aggregate (RCA)
Dakhil A.J.; Abbas O.H.; Jasim T.A.; Radhi M.S.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Falah M.
Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances , Vol. 35 (4), pp. 687-695
Article Open Access English ISSN: 11697954
Department of Roads and Transport Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mustansiriayah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Department of Aeronautical Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 51001, Iraq; Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials Department, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This study investigates the use of ceramic waste as a partial replacement for natural aggregates in concrete, to enhance sustainability while preserving structural and economic performance. Concrete mixes were prepared with ceramic waste substituting 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of coarse aggregate by weight. Mechanical properties—including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength—were evaluated, along with durability under sulfate/chloride exposure and 56 freeze–thaw cycles. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA confirmed the significant influence of ceramic content on concrete performance (p<0.05), with the 25% replacement mix achieving optimal strength and durability. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrated environmental benefits, including reductions of up to 25% in global warming potential and cumulative energy demand compared to conventional concrete. Furthermore, a life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis revealed a total cost reduction of approximately 45–50% over a 60-year service life, driven by lower raw material costs, improved durability, and reduced maintenance needs. These findings establish ceramic waste concrete as a technically viable, economically favorable, and environmentally responsible material for sustainable infrastructure applications. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: aggregates replacement analysis of variance (ANOVA) ceramic waste life-cycle assessment (LCA) life-cycle cost (LCC)
Abdullah A.F.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Falah M.
Material and Mechanical Engineering Technology , Vol. 2025 (4), pp. 93-103
Article English ISSN: 2706977X
Technical Engineering College of Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor, Bangi, Malaysia; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq
This paper investigates the thermo-mechanical performance of steel fiber reinforced GPC using a combination of fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in binder. The geopolymer matrix was activated with a binary solution containing sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide and the alkaline activator-to-binder by mass for 0.40, with hook-end steel fibers added at volume contents of 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%. In addition, its mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths were tested at room temperature before and after exposure to high temperatures of 250, 500 and 750°C with account for microstructural evolution using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal the effect on thermal degradation and strength maintenance. It is shown that the addition of steel fibers can improve both ambient and residual mechanical properties, and a 1.0% fiber volume fraction has the best strength preservation behavior at all temperatures. However, the residual compressive, tensile and flexural strengths of fiber-reinforced GPC were much higher than that of the plain mix at different temperatures even if a decline with a raise in temperature was inevitable, especially at 750°C presence considerable values, microstructural studies verified that matrix densification is higher developed due to effective crack bridging and promoted interfacial bonding lead adding fibers is responsible for superior fire resistance. These results emphasize the potential of SFRC GPC as an elevated temperature structural fireproof and environmentally friendly building material. © 2025, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: elevated temperatures Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) steel fibers
Jasim A.H.; Radhi N.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Falah M.; Musheer S.A.; Al-Khazaali S.Y.H.; Kutaif Y.Y.
International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition , Vol. 14 (4), pp. 2461-2477
Article Open Access English ISSN: 23056894
College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, 51013, Iraq; Metallurigical Engineering Department, College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51002, Iraq; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Qadisiyah, 58002, Iraq; Management and Economics Business Administration, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Qadisiyah, 58002, Iraq; College of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, College of Arts, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, 58002, Iraq
In this work, a novel high-performance nano-silica reinforced epoxy coating has been prepared to improve the mechanical properties and corrosive resistance of oil/gas pipeline coatings. Epoxy resins are commonly used in polymeric matrices for petroleum application owing to their excellent chemical resistance and high adhesion. However, they are far from satisfactory in mechanical and/or electrochemical performance at extreme operating conditions, which demands functional nanomaterial to support them. In this study, five epoxy-based nanocomposite coatings with different loadings of SiO2 nanoparticles (ranging from 0% to 4% in weight) were synthesized by high-shear mechanical mixing and carefully controlled thermally curing. Mechanical behaviour was extensively characterised through tensile strength, impact resistance and fracture toughness testing. Simultaneously, electrochemical studies were carried out by potentiodynamic polarization method in 3.5% NaCl aqueous media to test corrosion inhibition performance. The results showed a significant improvement in tensile strength, from 42.5 MPa of unmodified control sample to 88.4 MPa of 4 wt.% SiO2 addition. The impact and fracture toughness were gradually improved with an increased content of nanoparticles. Electrochemical studies showed a marked decrease in corrosion rate and up to 85% mitigation was obtained with respect to the reference coating. These enhancements are ascribed to the enhanced reinforcing effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on polymer matrix and the effective physicochemical barrier created against penetration of oxidative species by the dispersed SiO2 nanoparticles. © 2025, Russian Association of Corrosion Engineers. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: corrosion behavior epoxy resin nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> oil pipelines
Radhi N.S.; Hamzah S.; Jasim T.A.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Falah M.; Al-Aloosi W.M.
Advanced Engineering Letters , Vol. 4 (3), pp. 145-163
Article Open Access English ISSN: 28129709
Metallic Engineering Department, College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Babylon Governorate Court, Iraq; Department of Aeronautical Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, College of Engineering, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq
Titanium (Ti) implants often suffer from limited bioactivity and corrosion susceptibility, necessitating advanced surface modifications to enhance their clinical performance. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA/nano-silver (HA/nAg) composite coatings were fabricated on Ti substrates using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method at 200 V with deposition times of 30–60 s and Ag loadings of 0.5–2 g/L. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that HA/nAg coatings exhibited markedly improved surface roughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance compared to uncoated Ti. Vickers hardness increased significantly with the incorporation of 0.5–1 g/L Ag, reaching a maximum of 162.25 HV, whereas higher Ag concentrations (>1.5 g/L) caused a decline due to microstructural defects. Antibacterial testing revealed effective inhibition of E. coli growth for all Ag-containing coatings, with enhanced osseointegration confirmed in vivo by histology and quantitative metrics. Histomorphometric analysis showed that 1 g/L Ag achieved the highest bone–implant contact (65.2%) and bone volume density (51.5%), outperforming both uncoated Ti and pure HA coatings. Conversely, excessive Ag loadings were associated with reduced BIC and BV/TV, reflecting silver-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings identify HA/nAg coatings, particularly at 1 g/L Ag and 60 s deposition, as the optimal condition for enhancing corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity, and osseointegration of titanium implants. © 2025 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: coatings Micro-Arc Oxidation Surgical Process Tissues Titanium alloys
Sulaiman E.A.; Alwash J.J.H.; Jasim T.A.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Falah M.
Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances , Vol. 35 (3), pp. 403-412
Article Open Access English ISSN: 11697954
Department of Civil Technologies, Technical Institute of Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Department of Civil, Engineering College, University of Babylon, Al Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Aeronautical Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Design, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This study investigates the mechanical, microstructural, and economic performance of concrete incorporating calcined fish scale powder (FSP) as a partial replacement for Portland cement. Fish scales, an abundant organic waste byproduct, were thermally treated at 250℃ and added to concrete mixes at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement ratios. Compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths were evaluated at 3, 7, 28, and 90 curing days to capture early and long-term performance trends. The highest mechanical performance was recorded at a 10% replacement level, achieving compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of 42 MPa, 2.3 MPa, and 4.3 MPa respectively at 90 days, representing significant improvements over the control. SEM analysis at 7 and 28 days confirmed substantial microstructural densification due to enhanced C–S–H gel development and better interfacial bonding from the hydroxyapatite-collagen composite structure of FSP. Workability peaked at 1.5% FSP content, with higher dosages negatively impacting flowability. Furthermore, a cost-benefit evaluation revealed that the 10% FSP mix offers not only improved mechanical performance but also material cost savings and reduced CO2 emissions. These findings highlight the potential of fish scale powder as a sustainable cement substitute that enhances structural performance and environmental efficiency, supporting its application in green construction practices. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: blending materials cement replacement fish scales
2024
8 بحث
Al-Khafaji Z.; Kazem M.A.; Radhi N.S.; Falah M.; Hadi Z.M.
Material and Mechanical Engineering Technology , Vol. 2024 (2), pp. 64-78
8 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2706977X
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Al-Zahraa University for women, Karbala, Iraq; University of Babylon, Materials Engineering College, Babil, Babylon, Iraq; College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, AL-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq; University of Babylon chemistry sciences, Babylon, Iraq
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a naturally occurring mineral that has received increasing attention as a biomaterial for use in biomedical applications. HAP is biocompatible and has excellent osteoconductivity and bonebonding properties, making it a promising candidate for use in a range of medical applications, including bone regeneration, dental implants, and drug delivery. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the use of HAP in biomedical applications. The review covers the basic chemistry and properties of HAP, as well as its synthesis and processing techniques. It also discusses the different forms in which HAP can be used, including powders, coatings, and composites, and their respective advantages and limitations. The review goes on to discuss the various biomedical applications of HAP, including bone regeneration, dental implants, and drug delivery. For each application, the review examines the specific properties of HAP that make it suitable for the given purpose, as well as the challenges associated with its use. The review also addresses some of the limitations and challenges associated with the use of HAP in biomedical applications. These include the relatively low mechanical strength of HAP compared to other materials, its susceptibility to degradation over time, and its potential to elicit an immune response in some patients. Overall, this review demonstrates the potential of HAP as a building block for better health and highlights the need for continued research and development in this field to fully realize its potential in biomedical applications. © 2024, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biodegradable Biomaterials Corrosion reduction Human body Hydroxyapatite Implements
Moosa M.K.; Ali A.Y.; Salah M.S.; Nadir W.; Falah M.W.
Asian Journal of Civil Engineering , Vol. 25 (4), pp. 3167-3181
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15630854
College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla, 51002, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, 51013, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Splice beams are considered a solution for accelerated bridge construction and a method for repairing damaged beams. One of the most challenging aspects of this technique is avoiding bond failure between the spliced members. In this study, ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) was used to splice three beam segments. Seven specimens were tested under three bending point loads. The main variables were the depth of the joint, the presence of a shear key in the joint, type of longitudinal reinforcement (steel/carbon fiber), and the addition of dowels in the joint. The results concluded that the spliced specimens exhibited similar behavior to specimens without joints, and all the tested specimens failed due to flexural failure with the intact joint. The presence of CFRP bar in the specimen improved the ultimate load of the spliced beam by about 5% compared with the control specimen. The numerical analysis was performed by ABAQUS software with three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). The model was simulated and achieved good convergence when compared with experimental results, considering the load–deflection response and failure mode. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ABAQUS CFRP MFDR Spliced beam UHPC
Moosa M.K.; Ali A.Y.; Salah M.S.; Nadir W.; Falah M.W.
Structures , Vol. 63
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 23520124
College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla, 51002, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Civil Engineering department, College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, 51013, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Splice beams are considered a solution for some difficults in bridge construction and a method for repairing damaged beams. One of the most challenging aspects of this technique is avoiding bond failure between the spliced members. In this study, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) was used to splice three beam segments due to its superior performance. This paper investigate the effects of some parameters on the spliced beams by Finite Element Method using computer program ABAQUS. The study have two approaches, first one, a validation study to generate model agree with experimental test results of seven specimens were tested under three bending point load. The main variables being the depth of the joint, the presence of a shear key in the joint, the hybridization of reinforcement, and the addition of dowels in the joint. The model was simulated and achieved good convergence when compared with experimental results, considering the load-deflection response and failure mode. The second approach that investigated various parametric studies, such as reverse cyclic load, repeated cyclic load, thickness of the deck, type of interface joint, reinforcement ratio, strengthening by UHPC layer, and the loading pattern. © 2024 Institution of Structural Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: ABAQUS CDP model Spliced beam UHPC
Kadhim S.; Shubbar A.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Nasr M.; Al-Mamoori S.; Falah M.W.
European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering , Vol. 28 (12), pp. 2807-2820
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19648189
Department of Civil Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Şehitkamil, Turkey; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
This study aims to develop new ternary blend (TB) cement-free binder materials as an alternative to conventional cement by using Paper Sludge Ash (PSA) waste as the base material. During this research, the combined application of mechanical activation (grinding) and chemical activation by blending with pozzolanic: (silica fume; SF) and (rice husk ash; RHA), and high al-kalinity: (poultry litter fly ash; PLFA) and (cement kiln dust; CKD) materials were investigated. The research plan included four stages in which PSA was activated and replaced with the above-mentioned materials until reaching a ternary blend binder with the best performance (depending on the mortar compressive strength). Thereafter, the performance of this ternary blend binder was compared with the conventional cement by conducting compressive strength (at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. The findings indicated that a cement-free binder material was developed by using a combination of 60% PSA that was blended with 20% RHA and 20% PLFA. The new binder has shown higher compressive strength than the conventional cement by about 12% after 28 days of curing. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cement-free binder construction paper sludge ash rice husk ash ternary blend
Naser M.H.; Falah M.W.; Naser F.H.; Nasr M.S.; Hashim T.M.; Shubbar A.A.
IIUM Engineering Journal , Vol. 25 (1)
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 1511788X
College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq; Building & Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Concrete is a brittle substance; thus, it is reinforced with rebars and fibers to enhance its ductility. On the other hand, the presence of waste from various industries negatively impacts the environment. The ongoing reconstruction in Iraq has resulted in an abundance of locally produced rebar-connecting wire (RCW) and copper electric wire (CEW) waste. To minimize the environmental impact of these wastes, they can be reused in other industries, such as the concrete industry. Few studies have dealt with concrete’s structural and mechanical properties containing these local residues. Therefore, this study included an experimental investigation of concrete columns with and without various types of industrial and waste fibers. Two types of industrial fibers (macro hooked-end; CH, and micro straight; CS) steel fibers and two types of waste fibers (RCW and CEW) were utilized. Six reinforced concrete (RC) columns (150 × 150 × 450 mm3) were cast: one control column without fibers and five columns with fibers. The fiber content within the columns was fixed at 0.75% of the concrete volume. The cracks pattern, load-deflection behavior and concrete strain for RC columns were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical properties in terms of compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths tests were also conducted. The results revealed that all types of fibers used improved the mechanical and structural properties of the concrete. Moreover, although the hybrid synthetic fibers gave the best improvement compared to the reference sample, the waste fibers (especially RCW) showed a significant improvement that reached 30.91% in relation to the ultimate load and (10.1, 10.8 and 14.4%) in relation to the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths respectively. © 2024, International Islamic University Malaysia-IIUM. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: industrial and waste fibers mechanical properties RC columns structural behaviour
Falah M.W.; Muteb H.H.
Open Engineering , Vol. 14 (1)
2 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 23915439
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Babylon, College of Engineering, Babylon, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
The method for soil preservation has been completely revolutionized thanks to internally reinforced walls. Although such walls have gained significant awareness in many parts of the globe, this construction technique has only been extensively utilized lately. The primary reason may be that the costs associated with constructing such walls are likely higher than those associated with constructing conventional externally reinforced walls. The construction methods involved may be excessively time demanding. The term “mechanically stabilized Earth systems” refers to an internally stabilized fill structure that is made up of an unreinforced concrete levelling pad, precast concrete face panel units and coping units, selected granular backfill (reinforced backfill), a subsurface drainage system, and reinforcing elements (high-strength, metallic, or polymeric inclusions) to create a reinforced soil mass which is utilized to stabilize the backfill. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical overview of the mechanically stabilized Earth retaining walls by focusing on the necessary aspects required for their design, as well as to discuss how the change of the characteristics of the soil influences lateral displacements and stress responses that occur under various ground movements. The results of this study lead to the conclusion that the dynamic behaviour of the cantilever wall is very sensitive to the frequency characteristics of the seismic record and the interaction between the soil and the structure. © 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.
الكلمات المفتاحية: mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining wall soil–structure interaction
Jebur Y.M.; Falah M.W.; Kadhim M.A.; Imran M.K.; Hashim T.M.; Obeid Z.S.; Hussien S.A.; Kadhim R.H.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 3009 (1)
2 استشهاد Conference paper Open Access English ISSN: 0094243X
Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
Mineral filler is a mineral fine particle that passes through the No.200 sieve which plays a critical role in the performance of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixes. A better understanding of how fillers affect the characteristics of HMA mixes is critical for good mix design and higher HMA performance. The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of mineral filler on the mechanical characteristics of HMA using the Marshall mix design method. For this purpose, two different mineral filler types, namely, limestone and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with three filler contents were utilized to prepare asphalt mixture samples. Optimum asphalt content was determined by the Marshall mix design method using six different asphalt contents (4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, and 6.5%). In this paper, the characteristics of two kinds of filler were assessed using three experimental tests: Marshall test, retained strength test, and indirect tensile strength test. This study considered three filler percentages: 4, 7, and 10% by aggregate weight. These percentages fall within the limit specified in the SCRB specification (SCRB, R/9, 2003). The results indicated that HMA containing cement filler resulted in higher stability levels, tensile strength, and index of retained strength values compared to the limestone dust. Therefore, the utilization of cement filler provides better performance for asphalt mixes. The addition of cement filler with 10 % and limestone filler with 7 % seem to be the optimum filler contents due to satisfying all SCRB specification requirements. © 2024 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Falah M.W.; Muteb H.H.; Al-Khafaji Z.
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation , Vol. 9 (2)
Article English ISSN: 23653159
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
MSE walls are deemed highly suitable for challenging foundation soil conditions characterised by anticipated differential settlements due to their inherent flexibility and mechanical redundancy. Typically, MSE retaining walls are composed of structural fill material reinforced with inclusions capable of withstanding tensile forces, which are interconnected with facing elements. The mechanical interactions among the three components of the reinforced soil structure, namely the fill material, reinforcement, and facing, are responsible for ensuring its internal stability. Accordingly, the current research aims to study the behaviour of MSE walls under static load. The working methodology of the study focuses on simulating the MSE wall simplified model approximately. The model enables the investigation of many parameters; Zigzag shape and Straight shape; for that, two specimens are built and tested approximately. This research used two shapes of soil strengthened; the first one is the zigzag type, and the second one is the straight type. After applying static load, we recorded lateral soil pressure, vertical soil pressure, strip strains, concrete strain, and lateral displacement of panels. The results showed that the zigzag shape is better than the straight shape. The results show that the zigzag shape is better than the straight shape on the stability of the MSE wall; the zigzag shape gave small lateral displacement and less pressure effect than the straight shape by 19% in lateral pressure, While the zigzag shape gives better results than straight shape by 60% in vertical pressure. Also, using of zigzag strips reinforcement give lower displacement in MSE wall than straight strips. In addition to that using both kinds of soil strips reinforcement led to decrease later displacement with depth. And the straight shape gives better results than zigzag shape by 50% in reducing the displacement. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Geosynthetics Lateral pressure LVDT MSE Soil Vertical pressure
2023
15 بحث
Bhagat S.K.; Pilario K.E.; Babalola O.E.; Tiyasha T.; Yaqub M.; Onu C.E.; Pyrgaki K.; Falah M.W.; Jawad A.H.; Yaseen D.A.; Barka N.; Yaseen Z.M.
Journal of Cleaner Production , Vol. 385
85 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 09596526
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines; Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University P.M.B 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 52 Egialias, Marousi, Athens, GR-15125, Greece; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, P.O. Box 49, Basra City, 61004, Iraq; Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, FP Khouribga, BP. 145, Khouringa, 2500, Morocco; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
A wide range of dyes are being disposed in water bodies from several industrial runoff and the quantity is rapidly increasing over the years. From an environmental safety point of view, it is urgent to improve the removal process of dyes. It is important to understand the stochastic and highly redundant behavior of the process of dye removal (DR) in wastewater treatment. This leads to better utilization of Machine Learning (ML) models for both optimization as well as prediction of the DR process efficiency. In this review, 200 papers (Years, 2006–2021) have been systematically reviewed from the Web of Science and Scopus-indexed journals, covering a total of 84 journals. All applied ML models have been thoroughly studied in the review and analyzed in terms of their architecture setup, hyper-parameters selection, performance, advantages, and disadvantages. A wide range of optimization methods for hyper-parameters tuning were analyzed and discussed scientifically. Explicit information about the data sizes, splitting structure for training-validation-testing along with input and output selection approaches have been logically reviewed and discussed. Data availability, transparency, and reusability have been reported adequately. Various software for data-driven modeling have been discussed with their pros and cons. Trends in statistical evaluators (among about 60 types) have been discussed with their pros and cons including their sensitivity with the data fluctuations. Moreover, the most popular performance metrics have reported. In addition, the DR mechanism has reviewed and discussed inclusively. Extensive media used for the decolorization were discussed thoroughly, including their physical and chemical characteristics, along with feasibility and equilibrium data based on Langmuir model. The cost of the applied media in the decolorization process reported adequately. Finally, the research gap and future road map of the next 5 years, which bridge the gap of the domain are scientifically drafted along with the limitations. This critical review not only provides the appraisal of growth of DR research integrated with ML in the last couple of decades but also scouts the potential studies where all experimental, chemical and modeling processes should be taken under consideration. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cost of the media and process Data availability Decolorization process optimization Dye removal mechanism Dye removal prediction Future road map Machine learning models
Homod R.Z.; Yaseen Z.M.; Hussein A.K.; Almusaed A.; Alawi O.A.; Falah M.W.; Abdelrazek A.H.; Ahmed W.; Eltaweel M.
Journal of Building Engineering , Vol. 65
50 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23527102
Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basra, Iraq; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon City, Iraq; Jonkoping University, Department of Construction Engineering and Lighting Science, Sweden; Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknolog Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Takasago I-Kohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
Chillers are responsible for almost half of the total energy demand in buildings. Hence, the obligation of control systems of multi-chiller due to changes indoor environments is one of the most significant parts of a smart building. Such a controller is described as a nonlinear and multi-objective algorithm, and its fabrication is crucial to achieving the optimal balance between indoor thermal comfort and running a minimum number of chillers. This work proposes deep clustering of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (DCCMARL) as well-suited to such system control, which supports centralized control by learning of agents. In MARL, since the learning of agents is based on discrete sets of actions and stats, this drawback significantly affects the model of agents for representing their actions with efficient performance. This drawback becomes considerably worse when increasing the number of agents, due to the increased complexity of solving MARL, which makes modeling policy very challenging. Therefore, the DCCMARL of multi-objective reinforcement learning is leveraging powerful frameworks of a hybrid clustering algorithm to deal with complexity and uncertainty, which is a critical factor that influences to the achievement of high levels of a performance action. The results showed that the ability of agents to manipulate the behavior of the smart building could improve indoor thermal conditions, as well as save energy up to 44.5% compared to conventional methods. It seems reasonable to conclude that agents' performance is influenced by what type of model structure. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Clustering of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) policy Hybrid layer model Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) Multi-unit residential buildings Optimal chiller sequencing control (OCSC) Takagi–sugeno fuzzy (TSF) identification
Hussein O.A.; Hamid Rajab M.; Alawi O.A.; Falah M.W.; Abdelrazek A.H.; Ahmed W.; Eltaweel M.; Homod R.Z.; Yaseen Z.M.
Applied Thermal Engineering , Vol. 229
31 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 13594311
Petroleum System Control Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq; Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknolog Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Skudai, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Precision Engineering Department, Malaysia Japan International Institute Of Technology (MJIIT), University Technologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Micro/Nano System Centre, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Iraq; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
This study focuses on the thermal and rheological properties of a hybrid fluid consisting of Titanium Dioxide/Chemically functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (TiO2 / CF-MWCNTs) suspended in distilled water (DW) for use in flat plate solar collectors applications. The optimal hybridization ratio of CF-MWCNTs: TiO2 was 40:60. To evaluate thermal efficiency, solar collector tests were conducted using varying flow rates “2LPM, 3LPM, and 4 LPM” according to the ASHRAE’93-2010’ principle. The study examined the effects of various weight percentages of TiO2/CF-MWCNTs add up to the DW as working base fluid to determine the optimal concentration for enhancing the performance of the “FPSC” efficiency. The experimental results showed that using TiO2/CF-MWCNTs in the working fluid improved the collector energy efficiency by approximately 9% and 26% at low and high temperature differences, respectively, compared to distilled water (DW). The effectiveness of the composed nanoadditives was valuation through using various morphological analysis techniques, including Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The study found that the rating of the performance index “PI” were totally greater than “1” and increased as the weight concentration of TiO2/CF-MWCNTs increased up to 1.10 for 0.1 wt% with a flow rate of 4 LPM, indicating a higher positive effect on energy efficiency than negative effects on pressure drop. The findings revealed that by incorporating only “0.1 wt%” of TiO2/CF-MWCNTs and using a flow rate of 4 LPM, the optimal conditions were achieved, resulted in a remarkable improvement in flat plate solar collector (FPSC) efficiency up to 84%. In comparison to the conventional working fluid employed in FPSC, the results demonstrated a significant improvement. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Composed nanofluid MWCNTs Solar energy Surfactant Titanium Dioxide Stability Treatment functionalization”CF”
Tao H.; Al-Hilali A.A.; Ahmed A.M.; Mussa Z.H.; Falah M.W.; Abed S.A.; Deo R.; Jawad A.H.; Abdul Maulud K.N.; Latif M.T.; Yaseen Z.M.
Chemosphere , Vol. 317
30 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00456535
School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Guizhou, Duyun, 558000, China; School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China; Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah, Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Facuty of Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq; Engineering Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq; School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Heavy metals (HMs) are a vital elements for investigating the pollutant level of sediments and water bodies. The Murray-Darling river basin area located in Australia is experiencing severe damage to increased crop productivity, loss of soil fertility, and pollution levels within the vicinity of the river system. This basin is the most effective primary production area in Australia where agricultural productivity is increased the gross domastic product in the entire mainland. In this study, HMs contaminations are examined for eight study sites selected for the Murray-Darling river basin where the inverse Distance Weighting interpolation method is used to identify the distribution of HMs. To pursue this, four different pollution indices namely the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Contamination factor (CF), Pollution load index (PLI), single-factor pollution index (SPLI), and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) are computed. Following this, the Pearson correlation matrix is used to identify the relationships among the two HM parameters. The results indicate that the conductivity and N (%) are relatively high in respect to using Igeo and PLI indexes for study sites 4, 6, and 7 with 2.93, 3.20, and 1.38, respectively. The average HPI is 216.9071 that also indicates higher level pollution in the Murray-Darling river basin and the highest HPI value is noted in sample site 1 (353.5817). The study also shows that the levels of Co, P, Conductivity, Al, and Mn are mostly affected by HMs and that these indices indicate the maximum HM pollution level in the Murray-Darling river basin. Finally, the results show that the high HM contamination level appears to influence human health and local environmental conditions. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Heavy metal contamination Murray-darling basin Soil pollutants Spatial analysis
Jasim A.H.; Radhi N.S.; Kareem N.E.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Falah M.
Open Engineering , Vol. 13 (1)
19 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23915439
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, UKM Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Design, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, 10013, Iraq; College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq; College of Materials Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq; College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq
Because it is essential to avoid toxicity and corrosion in order to enhance the steel components and their aesthetic magnitude used in our everyday life, there has been an increased interest in the electroless field, particularly with regard to the application of nickel-phosphor on steel substrates. In this work, electroless process by nickel low phosphor solution and added titania particles (10–30 µm) to amount of coating solution (0, 5, and 10 g/L) with different coating times (30 and 60 min). Then, many tests were conducted, involving coating thickness, surfaces roughness, hardness, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and linear polarization tests in salt solution that were carried out for substrate and coating layers. Hardness indicates that the mechanical characteristics of the applied coatings with incorporated (TiO2) reinforcement were far more superior to its own matrix as well as noncomposite nickel coating. The polarization curves conducted by potentiodynamic technique for different coating layers with 3.5% NaCl a medium and find all data by computerize, which shows that the addition of TiO2 extract improved the corrosion rate (67.58%) than uncoating specimen. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.
الكلمات المفتاحية: composite coating corrosion electroless steel substrate
Tao H.; Hashim B.M.; Heddam S.; Goliatt L.; Tan M.L.; Sa’adi Z.; Ahmadianfar I.; Falah M.W.; Halder B.; Yaseen Z.M.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research , Vol. 30 (11), pp. 30984-31034
17 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09441344
School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Guizhou, Duyun, 558000, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou Province, Duyun, 558000, China; Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Environment and Water Directorate, Iraq Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Faculty of Science, Agronomy Department, Hydraulics Division, Laboratory of Research in Biodiversity Interaction Ecosystem and Biotechnology, University 20 Août 1955, Route El Hadaik, Skikda, BP 26, Algeria; Computational Modeling Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, MG, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Sekudai, 81310 UTM, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India; New Era And Development İn Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Urban areas are quickly established, and the overwhelming population pressure is triggering heat stress in the metropolitan cities. Climate change impact is the key aspect for maintaining the urban areas and building proper urban planning because spreading of the urban area destroyed the vegetated land and increased heat variation. Remote sensing–based on Landsat images are used for investigating the vegetation circumstances, thermal variation, urban expansion, and surface urban heat island or SUHI in the three megacities of Iraq like Baghdad, Erbil, and Basrah. Four satellite imageries are used aimed at land use and land cover (LULC) study from 1990 to 2020, which indicate the land transformation of those three major cities in Iraq. The average annually temperature is increased during 30 years like Baghdad (0.16 °C), Basrah (0.44 °C), and Erbil (0.32 °C). The built-up area is increased 147.1 km2 (Erbil), 217.86 km2 (Baghdad), and 294.43 km2 (Erbil), which indicated the SUHI affects the entire area of the three cities. The bare land is increased in Baghdad city, which indicated the local climatic condition and affected the livelihood. Basrah City is affected by anthropogenic activities and most areas of Basrah were converted into built-up land in the last 30 years. In Erbil, agricultural land (295.81 km2) is increased. The SUHI study results indicated the climate change effect in those three cities in Iraq. This study’s results are more useful for planning, management, and sustainable development of urban areas. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Climate change impact Iraq Land alteration Thermal variant Urban heat island (UHI)
Tao H.; Alawi O.A.; Hussein O.A.; Ahmed W.; Eltaweel M.; Homod R.Z.; Abdelrazek A.H.; Falah M.W.; Al-Ansari N.; Yaseen Z.M.
Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics , Vol. 17 (1)
16 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19942060
School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou, China; College of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China; Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Petroleum system control engineering department, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq; Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine, Guangzhou, China; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Iraq; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Building and Construction Technologies Engineering, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Recent technological advances have made it possible to produce particles with nanometer dimensions that are uniformly and steadily suspended in traditional solar liquids and have enhanced the impact of thermo-physical parameters. In this research, a three-dimensional flat plate solar collector was built using a thin flat plate and a single working fluid pipe. The physical model was solved computationally under conditions of conjugated laminar forced convection in the range 500 ≤ Re ≤ 1900 and a heat flux of 1000 W/m2. Distilled water (DW) and different types of hybrid nanofluids (namely, 0.1%-Al2O3@Cu/DW, 0.1%-MWCNTs@Fe3O4/DW, 0.3%-MWCNTs@Fe3O4/DW, 0.5%-Ag@MgO/DW, 1%-Ag@MgO/DW, 1%-S1 and 1%-S2, where MWCNTs are multi-wall carbon nanotubes, S1 means 2CuO–1Cu and S2 means 1CuO–2Cu nanocomposites) were evaluated via a set of parameters. The numerical results revealed that, by increasing the working fluid velocity (the Reynolds number), the average heat transfer coefficient, pressure loss, heat gain and solar collector efficiency were increased. Meanwhile, outlet fluid temperature and flat plate surface temperature were decreased. At Re = 1900, 1%-S2 and 1%-S1 presented higher thermal performance enhancement by 44.28% and 36.72% relative to DW. Moreover, low thermal performance enhancement of 7.59% and 7.44% were reported by 0.1%-Al2O3@Cu/DW and 0.3%-MWCNTs@Fe3O4/DW, respectively. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
الكلمات المفتاحية: energy gain Flat plate solar collector heat transfer hybrid nanofluids thermal efficiency
Radhi N.S.; Jasim A.H.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Falah M.
Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii , Vol. 21 (4), pp. 769-778
10 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 18165230
College of Materials Engineering, Babylon University, Babil, Iraq; College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq; Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, 10013, Iraq; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
Aluminium seems to be a highly valuable structural metal that is utilized in a variety of industrial sectors; especially, it is utilized in considerable quantities in the nautical, aeronautic, and automotive industries. Aluminium is additionally utilized in small amounts in several other industrial sectors. The composite materials are now extensively utilized in a variety of applications after their introduction. In this research, composite samples of aluminium are prepared with adding hematite nanoparticles of 2, 4, 6, 8 wt.% and by means of the powder-metallurgy technique. The tests are made for microhardness, compression, and wear. The results show that, when increase hematite percent, the hardness and wear values increase. © 2023, G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of N.A.S. of Ukraine. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: aluminium hardness hematite nanoparticles testing wear
Alawi O.A.; Kamar H.M.; Falah M.W.; Hussein O.A.; Abdelrazek A.H.; Ahmed W.; Eltaweel M.; Homod R.Z.; Al-Ansari N.; Yaseen Z.M.
Nanotechnology Reviews , Vol. 12 (1)
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21919089
Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Petroleum System Control Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Takasago I-Kohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq; Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 97187, Sweden; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Mono, hybrid, and ternary nanofluids were tested inside the plain and twisted-tape pipes using k-omega shear stress transport turbulence models. The Reynolds number was 5,000 ≤ Re ≤ 15,000, and thermophysical properties were calculated under the condition of 303 K. Single nanofluids (Al2O3/distilled water [DW], SiO2/DW, and ZnO/DW), hybrid nanofluids (SiO2 + Al2O3/DW, SiO2 + ZnO/DW, and ZnO + Al2O3/DW) in the mixture ratio of 80:20, and ternary nanofluids (SiO2 + Al2O3 + ZnO/DW) in the mixture ratio of 60:20:20 were estimated in different volumetric concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%). The twisted pipe had a higher outlet temperature than the plain pipe, while SiO2/DW had a lower T out value with 310.933 K (plain pipe) and 313.842 K (twisted pipe) at Re = 9,000. The thermal system gained better energy using ZnO/DW with 6178.060 W (plain pipe) and 8426.474 W (twisted pipe). Furthermore, using SiO2/DW at Re = 9,000, heat transfer improved by 18.017% (plain pipe) and 21.007% (twisted pipe). At Re = 900, the pressure in plain and twisted pipes employing SiO2/DW reduced by 167.114 and 166.994%, respectively. In general, the thermohydraulic performance of DW and nanofluids was superior to one. Meanwhile, with Re = 15,000, DW had a higher value of η Thermohydraulic = 1.678. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.
الكلمات المفتاحية: energy turbulators heat transfer properties hydrodynamic performance ternary hybrid nanofluid twisted-tape pipes
Falah M.W.; Muteb H.
Archives of Civil Engineering , Vol. 69 (4), pp. 339-358
5 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 12302945
Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
To guarantee a durable pavement construction that only needs a little care, it is crucial to manage problematic soil conditions properly and prepare the foundation. Some organizations remove soils since they have realized they do not function as well as other materials (for example, a state specification dictating that frost susceptible loess could not be present in the frost penetration zone). Nevertheless, there are more advantageous or desirable courses of action than this (e.g., excavation might create a disturbance, plus additional issues of disposal and removal). The subgrade conditions described in the preceding section may be improved by stabilization, offering an alternative solution. It is impossible to overstate the importance of ensuring a homogeneous soil profile in terms of density, moisture content, and textural categorization in the top section of the subgrade. Thru soil sub-cutting or other stabilizing methods, this consistency may be attained. Additionally, stabilization may be utilized to prevent swelling in expansive materials, create a weather-resistant work platform, enhance soil workability, and limit issues with frost heave. Alternative stabilizing techniques will be discussed in this part, and advice for choosing the best technique will be adequately provided. The current review paper aims to identify bridge issues related to soft soil and takes two ways of soft soil stabilization: chemical and mechanical. The finding of both methods show that the compressive strength and settlement have been improved after using waste materials; therefore, using waste materials as a cement replacement is considered one of the expansive utilized methods in most construction applications and bridges of that applications. © 2023. Mayadah W. Falah, Haitham Muteb.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bridge chemical stabilization fly ash geogrids mechanical stabilization soil stabilization
Dakhil A.J.; Falah M.; Al-Khafaji Z.
Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering , Vol. 23 (4), pp. 79-84
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 14439255
Department of Roads and Transport Engineering, Collage of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyyah, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Design, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600 UKM, Malaysia
There is a scarcity of research regarding the efficacy of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) confinement on low strength materials. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study that focuses on the behavior of concentrically loaded short concrete columns with high concrete strength, which are confined using CFRP wraps. A set of nine (9) square concrete columns of short length were subjected to testing. The experimental setup consisted of a single unconfined column, referred to as the control column, and eight additional columns that were confined utilizing externally bonded CFRP wraps. These confining schemes were determined based on the findings of a previous study conducted by the authors, which focused on short square columns with smaller cross sections. The study focused on examining the impact of various confinement schemes on the load carrying capacities of columns through the application of concentric uniaxial compression. The implementation of various confinement schemes led to an increase in the load carrying capacities of confined concrete columns, demonstrating the effectiveness of externally bonded CFRP wraps in enhancing the performance of short rectangular concentrically loaded concrete columns. The findings demonstrated the efficacy of carbon fibers in the restoration of impaired columns, as evidenced by a notable enhancement in the load-bearing capacity of the columns, ranging from 35% to 90%. © 2023 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Mechanical Polymer CFRP Wraps Reinforcement Concrete Square Column Structural Features
Nasr M.S.; Salih M.A.; Shubbar A.; Falah M.W.; Abadel A.A.
Materials Science- Poland , Vol. 41 (4), pp. 41-56
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20831331
Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Najaf, Iraq; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
Solid waste management is a significant environmental issue for countries because of the need for huge landfills. The ceramic tile waste powder (CWP) is one of the wastes. Conversely, cement production, the main ingredient in concrete, emits large quantities of greenhouse gases, a significant environmental concern. Therefore, substituting some of the cement in concrete with CWP is an issue that deserves investigation to reduce the environmental impact of both materials. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the influence of the grinding time and proportion of CWP as a substitute for cement on the properties of high-strength mortar (HSM). Three grinding times (10, 15, and 20 minutes) and three replacement percentages (10%, 20%, and 30% by weight) for CWP were adopted for each time. Ten mixtures (including the reference mixture) were executed. The fresh (flow rate), mechanical (compressive strength) durability (ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic elastic modulus, water absorption, density, percentage of voids and electrical resistivity) and microstructural properties were examined. The life cycle assessment (LCA) was also addressed. The results showed that the mechanical activation had a pronounced effect on the durability properties (especially water absorption and percentage of voids) more than on the compressive strength. Generally, a sustainable HSM (with more than 70 MPa of compressive strength) can be produced in which 30% of the cement was replaced with CWP with almost comparable performance to the CWP-free mortar. Furthermore, LCA results showed that mortars containing 30% CWP ground for 15 mins (GT15CWP30) had the lowest GWP per MPa. © 2023 Mohammed Salah Nasr et al., published by Sciendo.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ceramic tile waste powder grinding time high strength mortar life cycle assessment mechanical and durability properties
Ali Y.A.; Falah M.W.; Naser M.H.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 2787 (1)
1 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 0094243X
Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
This study investigates the overall behavior and performance of R.C. beams with CFRP plates for improving the infrastructure buildings performance. The parameters studied include different widths and thickness of fiber reinforced polymer plates along the beams tension face. For this analysis, a computer program (ABAQUS CAE.18) is used. To achieve the aim, two sets of beams have been analyzed. The first group consists of five specimens strengthened with CFRP plates of thickness 1.2 mm and width (25, 50, 75, 100 and 140) mm in flexure, the second group of beams also consist of five specimens strengthened with CFRP plates similar to the first group but with thickness of 2.4 mm and the control beam is without CFRP. A variety of CFRP width and thickness applications were tested to determine the ultimate strength of the beam specimens. A comparison is made between the experimental results from previous study done by (K. Shadhan) and the numerical model. The comparison indicates that the results of the numerical modeling were in good agreement with the experimental results (1.7% difference in ultimate strength for the specimen without CFRP strengthening and 1.6% difference for the specimen strengthened with CFRP plate of thickness 1.2 and width 100mm). Moreover, it can be noticed that the strengthening with CFRP plate with thickness of 1.2mm, the ultimate strength increases with the increase of the plate width and the increment reach 45% when plate width 75mm compared with specimen without CFRP. But, the ultimate strength decrease when CFRP plate width increased to 140mm (3.6% compared with specimen strengthened with 75mm CFRP plate). The strengthening with CFRP plates of 2.4 mm thick increases the ultimate strength more than when compared to beams reinforced with 1.2 mm thick CFRP plates of the same width (7.2%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 1.1%) for widths (25, 50, 75, 100, 140) mm, respectively. © 2023 Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFRP Strengthening Concrete Beams Finite Element Analysis Sustainable Building Design
Ahmed W.; Alawi O.A.; Abdelrazek A.H.; Yaseen Z.M.; Falah M.W.; Hussein O.A.; Eltaweel M.; Homod R.Z.; Sidik N.A.C.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry , Vol. 148 (2), pp. 571
Erratum Open Access English ISSN: 13886150
Takasago I-Kohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Skudai, 81310 UTM, Malaysia; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; New Era And Development İn Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Tikrit, Al-Ayen University, 64001, Thi-Qar, Iraq; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq
In the original publication of the article, the third author’s affiliation was tagged incorrectly as 3 instead of 1. The affiliations 4 to 8 were mentioned incorrectly. The corrected affiliations were given below. The original article has been corrected. © 2023, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
Ahmed W.; Alawi O.A.; Abdelrazek A.H.; Yaseen Z.M.; Falah M.W.; Hussein O.A.; Eltaweel M.; Homod R.Z.; Sidik N.A.C.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry , Vol. 148 (2), pp. 551-570
Article English ISSN: 13886150
Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; New Era And Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Petroleum system control engineering department, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq
The heat transfer improvement using nanofluids inside varying shape heat exchangers is a still challenge to avoid from heat losses in chemical and petrochemical industries. In the stated study, the friction loss (f), pressure drop (∆P), average heat (have) transfer and average Nusselt (Nuave) numbers were evaluated numerically (ANSYS-FLUENT) and experimentally at varying 0.025 mass%, 0.05 mass%, 0.075 mass%, and 0.1 mass% concentrations of the low dimensional Zinc nanospheres-based nanofluids and base fluid (DW) in the square shaped heat exchanger. All the nanofluids and base fluid (DW) were assessed both experimentally and numerically for different thermophysical, hydrodynamic, and heat transfer characteristics. The addition of Zinc nanospheres in base fluid (DW) showed enhanced energy transportation at all mass% concentrations numerically and experimentally against Reynold numbers (Re) changing from 4550 to 20,367. Thermal conductivity, viscosity and density were measured at varying temperature ranges from 20 to 45 °C, where different changes were recorded in all properties against temperature values. Further, 2-D numerical model for single nanofluids was validated using laboratory scale distilled water (DW) as a base liquid. Further continuity, momentum, and energy equations were been evaluated by constructing a k−ɛ model and 2-dimensional domain. The maximum pressure drop (∆P/L) was recorded at 0.1 mass% which is 5152.72 m.Pas, while the friction loss (f) was 0.0188. Similarly, the average heat transfer (h) and Nusselt numbers (Nu) were calculated numerically and experimentally, where it has found the maximum heat transfer was 7095.25 Wm2 K−1 (61%) and the average Nusselt numbers (Nu) were 93.73 (57.3%) at the highest 0.1 mass%. Both numerical (ANSYS) and experimental results showed improved energy transportation at 0.1 mass% concentration against the highest Reynold number (Re) in comparison to base fluid (DW) and other mass%. The consequences confirmed the significance of the ANSYS model and experimental results with an average difference of ± 8.1%. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Friction (f) Heat transfer coefficient (h) Pressure drop (∆P) Synthesis of zinc nanospheres Thermal diffusivity
2022
21 بحث
Tao H.; Hameed M.M.; Marhoon H.A.; Zounemat-Kermani M.; Heddam S.; Sungwon K.; Sulaiman S.O.; Tan M.L.; Sa'adi Z.; Mehr A.D.; Allawi M.F.; Abba S.I.; Zain J.M.; Falah M.W.; Jamei M.; Bokde N.D.; Bayatvarkeshi M.; Al-Mukhtar M.; Bhagat S.K.; Tiyasha T.; Khedher K.M.; Al-Ansari N.; Shahid S.; Yaseen Z.M.
Neurocomputing , Vol. 489, pp. 271-308
325 استشهاد Short survey Open Access English ISSN: 09252312
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Ankang University, China; School of Computer Sciences, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi, China; Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Maaref University College, Ramadi, Iraq; Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Water Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Faculty of Science, Agronomy Department, Hydraulics Division University, 20 Août 1955, Route EL HADAIK, Skikda, BP, 26, Algeria; Department of Railroad Construction and Safety Engineering, Dongyang University, Yeongju, 36040, South Korea; Dams and Water Resources Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, UTM Sekudai, 81310, Malaysia; Civil Engineering Department, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Planning Development and Maintenance, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Nigeria; Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University Technology MARA, Malaysia; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Faculty of Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan, Iran; Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering - Renewable Energy and Thermodynamics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Department of Water Resources Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran; Civil Engineering Department. University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, High Institute of Technological Studies, Mrezgua University Campus, Nabeul, 8000, Tunisia; Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 97187, Sweden; School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Adjunct Research Fellow, USQ's Advanced Data Analytics Research Group, School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, 4350, Australia; New era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
Developing accurate soft computing methods for groundwater level (GWL) forecasting is essential for enhancing the planning and management of water resources. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in GWL prediction using machine learning (ML) models. Several review articles have been published, reporting the advances in this field up to 2018. However, the existing review articles do not cover several aspects of GWL simulations using ML, which are significant for scientists and practitioners working in hydrology and water resource management. The current review article aims to provide a clear understanding of the state-of-the-art ML models implemented for GWL modeling and the milestones achieved in this domain. The review includes all of the types of ML models employed for GWL modeling from 2008 to 2020 (138 articles) and summarizes the details of the reviewed papers, including the types of models, data span, time scale, input and output parameters, performance criteria used, and the best models identified. Furthermore, recommendations for possible future research directions to improve the accuracy of GWL prediction models and enhance the related knowledge are outlined. © 2022 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Catchment sustainability Groundwater level Input parameters Machine learning Prediction performance State-of-the-art
Jumaa N.H.; Ali I.M.; Nasr M.S.; Falah M.W.
Case Studies in Construction Materials , Vol. 17
56 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22145095
Reconstruction and Projects Office, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq; Technical Institute of Karbala, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, 51015, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Carbon dioxide emissions and the consumption of natural resources related to the cement manufacturing have prompted the need to develop more sustainable and environmentally friendly types of concrete. Geopolymer concrete is considered eco-friendly concrete because it is free of cement. Otherwise, nanomaterials have been introduced into geopolymer concrete in previous works with the aim of improving its properties. However, very restricted studies have focused on the combined utilizing of nano-clay and nano-titanium in geopolymer concrete. Therefore, in the current research, geopolymer concrete was developed from industrial wastes (fly ash; FA) by using a novel mixture of different nanomaterials: nano-clay (NC) and nano-TiO2 (NT). Mixtures with constant water to FA (12 %), and different alkaline contents: (40 %, 45 %, and 50 %) by FA, were performed and divided into three groups. In the first group, only FA was used as a binder, meanwhile, a combination of (FA+NC) and (FA+NT) was used separately in group two (binary). In the third group, (FA+NC+NT) were mixed together (ternary). Several hardened tests have been investigated: compressive, tensile strengths and density. Also, microstructural characteristics were monitored using XRD and SEM tests. The findings revealed that the addition of nanomaterials obviously enhanced the density of the microstructure, reducing the pores of the produced geopolymer concrete. Moreover, the compressive strength was enhanced up to 38 % for NC, and 24 % for NT in the binary blends while the improvement reached 55 % in the ternary blends. © 2022 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Binary and ternary blends Fly ash Geopolymer Nano-clay Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Sustainability
Karami A.; Monsef R.; Shihan M.R.; Qassem L.Y.; Falah M.W.; Salavati-Niasari M.
Environmental Technology and Innovation , Vol. 28
39 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23521864
Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, I. R., Kashan, P. O. Box. 87317-51167, Iran; College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, AlNoor University College, Bartella, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This study investigates synthesis of erbium vanadate nanostructures via carboxylic-assisted pechini method to optimization the morphology, size and physicochemical properties. The optimized ErVO4 nanoparticles with range size of 12–98 nm were subjected to photocatalytic ability for dye decolorization of Methyl orange (MO), Erythrosine (ER), and Methylene blue (MB) using ultraviolet irradiation. The correlation between the operational parameters (pollutant concentration and catalyst loading) and optoelectronic properties in addition to the catalytic performance of the ErVO4 structure is reported. The ideal condition for activity of ErVO4 nano-photocatalyst achieved in the 10 ppm aqueous solution of MB with catalyst loading of 0.05 g which presents 77.85% efficiency for decolorization of colored pollutant model. The recycle photocatalytic efficiency after 4 cycles is about 69.25%. Additionally, the photocatalytic mechanism direction studied in the presence of some scavengers which confirms the role of hydroxyl radical in the removal of MB. The magnetic properties of ErVO4 studied through VSM which shows the paramagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization is 1.3341 emu g−1. © 2022 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Electron microscopy Erbium vanadate Modified Pechini Nanostructures Photocatalyst
Halder B.; Bandyopadhyay J.; Al-Hilali A.A.; Ahmed A.M.; Falah M.W.; Abed S.A.; Falih K.T.; Khedher K.M.; Scholz M.; Yaseen Z.M.
Agronomy , Vol. 12 (9)
38 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734395
Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, India; Faculty of Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq; Engineering Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah 58002, Iraq; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, High Institute of Technological Studies, Mrezgua University Campus, Nabeul, 8000, Tunisia; Directorate of Engineering the Future, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa; Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation; Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Urban areas are mostly heterogeneous due to settlements and vegetation including forests, water bodies and many other land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Due to the overwhelming population pressure, urbanization, industrial works and transportation systems, urban areas have been suffering from a deficiency of green spaces, which leads to an increase in the variation of temperature in urban areas. This study investigates the conceptual framework design towards urban green space (UGS) and thermal variability over Kolkata and Howrah city using advanced remote sensing (RS) and geospatial methods. The low green space is located in the highly built-up area, which is influenced by thermal variations. Therefore, the heat stress index showed a high area located within the central, north, northwestern and some parts of the southern areas. The vegetated areas decreased by 8.62% during the ten years studied and the other land uses increased by 11.23%. The relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed significant changes with R2 values between 0.48 (2010) and 0.23 (2020), respectively. The correlation among the LST and the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) showed a notable level of change with R2 values between 0.38 (2010) and 0.61 (2020), respectively. The results are expected to contribute significantly towards urban development and planning, policymaking and support for key stakeholders responsible for the sustainable urban planning procedures and processes. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: geospatial indicators heat stress twin city of West Bengal urban climate urban green space (UGS)
Ahmadianfar I.; Noori R.M.; Togun H.; Falah M.W.; Homod R.Z.; Fu M.; Halder B.; Deo R.; Yaseen Z.M.
Knowledge-Based Systems , Vol. 250
30 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09507051
Department of Civil Engineering, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran; Ministry of Electricity, General Company of Electricity Transmission North Region, Iraq; Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Thi-Qar, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for, Oil and Gas, Iraq; College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China; Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India; Advanced Data Analytics: Environmental Modelling and Simulation Group, School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, QLD, Australia; Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; USQ's Advanced Data Analytics Research Group, School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, QLD, 4350, Australia; New Era And Development İn Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
The challenge to determine the best policies for hydropower multiple reservoir systems is a high-dimensional and nonlinear problem, making it challenging to attain a global solution. To efficiently optimize such a complicated solution, the creation of a high-precision optimization algorithm is critical. Hence, this research proposes a Multi-strategy Slime Mould Algorithm (MSMA) to determine the optimal operating rules for a complicated hydropower multiple reservoir prediction problem. The MSMA system proposed employs an effective wrap food mechanism to strengthen local and global capability; an enhanced solution quality (ESQ) to promote solution quality; and the interior-point method to implement an influential exploitation mechanism. The numerical testing of 23 test functions demonstrates the efficiency of the MSMA algorithm in solving global optimization issues. The newly developed method is then used to optimize the operation of a complex eight-reservoir hydropower system, with the proposed MSMA approach resulting in ∼0.999% of an ideal global solution, according to the optimal findings. The results of the multi-reservoir system show that proposed MSMA method was able to generate about 16.6% more power than the SMA. Consequently, the recommended method outperforms the other well-known optimization methods for maximizing power in the multi-reservoir system. Finally, this study also provides a useful tool for optimizing the complicated hydropower multiple reservoir problems. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Hydropower Multi-reservoir Multi-strategy Operation Optimization Slime Mould Algorithm
Falah M.W.; Hussein S.H.; Saad M.A.; Ali Z.H.; Tran T.H.; Ghoniem R.M.; Ewees A.A.
Complexity , Vol. 2022
27 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 10762787
Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, 31001, Iraq; Department of Medical Instrumentations Technique Engineering, Alkitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, 32001, Iraq; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of E-Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia; Department of Computer, Damietta University, Damietta, 34511, Egypt
The application of recycled aggregate as a sustainable material in construction projects is considered a promising approach to decrease the carbon footprint of concrete structures. Prediction of compressive strength (CS) of environmentally friendly (EF) concrete containing recycled aggregate is important for understanding sustainable structures' concrete behaviour. In this research, the capability of the deep learning neural network (DLNN) approach is examined on the simulation of CS of EF concrete. The developed approach is compared to the well-known artificial intelligence (AI) approaches named multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), extreme learning machines (ELMs), and random forests (RFs). The dataset was divided into three scenarios 70%-30%, 80%-20%, and 90%-10% for training/testing to explore the impact of data division percentage on the capacity of the developed AI model. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was integrated with the developed AI models to select the influencing variables on the CS prediction. Several statistical measures and graphical methods were generated to evaluate the efficiency of the presented models. In this regard, the results confirmed that the DLNN model attained the highest value of prediction performance with minimal root mean squared error (RMSE = 2.23). The study revealed that the highest prediction performance could be attained by increasing the number of variables in the prediction problem and using 90%-10% data division. The results demonstrated the robustness of the DLNN model over the other AI models in handling the complex behaviour of concrete. Due to the high accuracy of the DLNN model, the developed method can be used as a practical approach for future use of CS prediction of EF concrete. © 2022 Mayadah W. Falah et al.
Radhi S.S.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Falah M.W.
Heritage and Sustainable Development , Vol. 4 (1), pp. 42-52
24 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 27120554
Mechanical Engineering, Altinbas University, İstanbul, Turkey; Ministry of Iraqi Oil, Oil Product Distribution Company, Babylon, Iraq; Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
Maintaining the optimum temperature in the living quarters is the key to a comfortable stay. Due to the lack of a central heating system or in the event of its insufficiency, they resort to the installation of additional heat sources. There is a wide range of devices on the market with different operating principles, hence the difficulty of which is better - a convector or infrared heater. A comparative analysis of devices will help you make the right choice. Asking the question of which is better a convection heater or an infrared heater, one must decide on its role in heating the house. It is better to use them as additional equipment with an existing heating system. One of the effective sources of additional heating are infrared radiators. Its principle of operation is based on infrared radiation, which provides a quick and qualitative increase in temperature in any part of your apartment. Today, more and more people prefer infrared radiators. From the usual electric convector, they differ in that they heat not the air in the room, but hard surfaces (floors, walls) and objects, and these, in turn, leak heat into the surrounding space. So, the entire room is heated up unnoticeably. © The Author 2022. Published by ARDA.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Infrared Radiators Life cycle assessment Solar energy Thermal performance
Radhi N.S.; Kareem N.E.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Sahi N.M.; Falah M.W.
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry , Vol. 65 (10), pp. 681-688
23 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 04492285
University of Babylon, College of Materials Engineering, Babil, Iraq; Al- Qasim green university, Babil, Iraq; Al-Furrat Al-Awsat Distribution Foundation, Ministry of Oil, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Building and Construction Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq; University of Babylon, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Women, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
PolyMethyl Methacrylate was a broadly known material in the medical and dental fields since its exceptional biocompatibility and easy manufacture, nevertheless, exhibits inferior mechanical properties. In the present study, several experiments were implemented to improve PMMA resin characteristics utilized for lower and upper prosthetic complete dentures by incorporating two various particles forms: nanoparticles of zirconia (n-ZrO2) and silver (n-Ag). These particles were applied as a fluid resin matrix to the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cold-curing resin with various volume percentages of (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5) weight percent. The composite prosthetic denture samples have been utilizing the (Hand Lay-Up) process in this project. This study was aimed to explore the impact of the selected volume fractions of (n-Ag & n-ZrO2) in nanoparticle size on tensile, impact, and biological characteristics of hybrid composite prosthetic complete dentures. The experimental aspect of this research involved conducting several biological and mechanical experiments, involving (impact, tensile, corrosion in saliva media and bacteria) tests. This research found that the values of most characteristics improved as the (n-Ag, n-ZrO2) particles' fractional volume in polymer composite materials increased, but antibacterial activity reduced. ©2022 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Ag-Nano Particles Antibacterial activity Hybrid Composite PMMA Saliva ZrO2- Nano Particles
Kumar V.; Mohammed Ali Al-Tameemi A.; Kumari A.; Ahmad M.; Falah M.W.; Abd El-Latif A.A.
IEEE Access , Vol. 10, pp. 84776-84789
18 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21693536
University of Delhi, Pgdav College, Department of Mathematics, New Delhi, 110065, India; University of Technology-Iraq, Chemical Engineering Department, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; University of Delhi, Dyal Singh College, Department of Mathematics, New Delhi, 110003, India; Jamia Millia Islamia, Department of Computer Engineering, New Delhi, 110025, India; AL-Mustaqbal University College, Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Prince Sultan University, Eias Data Science Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia; Menoufia University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shebeen El-Kom, 32511, Egypt
The Vehicular Cloud Environment (VCE) is a brand-new study field in cloud and vehicular network.It gives cars networking and sensor capabilities for V2I or V2V communication with roadside infrastructure. Cloud applications are frequently used in traffic control and road safety. A hybrid technical solution that utilizes vehicle resources, cloud infrastructure, and Internet of Things (IoT) settings is needed for effective vehicular communication networking. VCE is a smart vehicular communication architecture that promotes system security, enhanced vehicle control, and self-driving cars. Due to the integration of unknown vehicles and infrastructure via the public network, security and privacy seem to be significant challenges with VCE. In this regard, we propose a PSEBVC, which is a provably secure elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and biometric based authentication system for VCE employing smartphones. In the face of active and passive adversaries, the offered framework obtains the majority of security features and properties for secure communication. We also propose and prove a formal security model based on the random oracle concept. We also demonstrate the security analysis using the Scyther tool. In the same scenario, we evaluate the performance of our protocol against that of other frameworks. The proposed system, according to our findings, is both secure and efficient in terms of communication and processing overhead. The proposed architecture, according to our findings, provides all needed security criteria while also permitting effective communication. © 2013 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: authentication cloud computing Elliptic curve cryptography security and privacy V2I communication V2V communication
Heddam S.; Yaseen Z.M.; Falah M.W.; Goliatt L.; Tan M.L.; Sa’adi Z.; Ahmadianfar I.; Saggi M.; Bhatia A.; Samui P.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research , Vol. 29 (51), pp. 77157-77187
18 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09441344
Laboratory of Research in Biodiversity Interaction Ecosystem and Biotechnology, Hydraulics Division, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Science, University, 20 Août 1955, Route El Hadaik, BP 26, Skikda, Algeria; Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; USQ’s Advanced Data Analytics Research Group, School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Computational Modeling Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, MG, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor, Sekudai, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran; Department of Computer Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India; Department of computers science and engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Bihar, Patna, 800005, India
This study aims to evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of four machine learning (ML) models for modelling cyanobacteria blue-green algae (CBGA) at two rivers located in the USA. The proposed modelling framework was based on establishing a link between five water quality variables and the concentration of CBGA. For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN), extreme learning machine (ELM), random forest regression (RFR), and random vector functional link (RVFL) are developed. First, the four models were developed using only water quality variables. Second, based on the results of the first, a new modelling strategy was introduced based on preprocessing signal decomposition. Hence, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the variational mode decomposition (VMD), and the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) were used for decomposing the water quality variables into several subcomponents, and the obtained intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and multiresolution analysis (MRA) components were used as new input variables for the ML models. Results of the present investigation show that (i) using single models, good predictive accuracy was obtained using the RFR model exhibiting an R and NSE values of ≈0.914 and ≈0.833 for the first station, and ≈0.944 and ≈0.884 for the second station, while the others models, i.e., ANN, RVFL, and ELM, have failed to provide a good estimation of the CBGA; (ii) the decomposition methods have contributed to a significant improvement of the individual models performances; (iii) among the thee decomposition methods, the EMD was found to be superior to the VMD and EWT; and (iv) the ANN and RFR were found to be more accurate compared to the ELM and RVFL models, exhibiting high numerical performances with R and NSE values of approximately ≈0.983, ≈0.967, and ≈0.989 and ≈0.976, respectively. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ANN CBGA ELM EMD EWT Modelling RFR RVFL
Eltaweel M.; Heggy A.H.; Yaseen Z.M.; Alawi O.A.; Falah M.W.; Hussein O.A.; Ahmed W.; Homod R.Z.; Abdelrazek A.H.
Energy Reports , Vol. 8, pp. 10533-10545
16 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23524847
School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom; Adjunct Research Fellow, USQ's Advanced Data Analytics Research Group, School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, QLD 4350, Australia; Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; New era and development in civil engineering research group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq; Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknolog Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering-Alsharkat, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq; Takasago i-Kohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
In recent studies, Thermo-Electric Coolers (TEC) have been utilized for dehumidification purposes, which is mainly based on the extraction of moisture from humid atmospheric air. The reviewed literature showed that the rate of water collection from the TEC-based system can be affected by various parameters such as the module's input voltage, the heat sink orientation, and tilt angles. In this research, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the significance of these factors and their interaction within the system on the TEC-based dehumidification system. Four levels were investigated for both, the Peltier's input voltage and the rotation angle, and three levels for the tilt angle. This study indicated the significance of the studied factors and their interactions within the dehumidification system along with performing an overall numerical optimization. The experiments were conducted under the same working conditions in an enclosed environment to minimize errors. According to the overall numerical optimization, which was validated experimentally, the optimum system performance was predicted to be obtained at approximately 6.8V Peltier input volt, 65° rotation angle, and 90° tilt angles, with predicted optimum productivities of 0.32278 L/kWh and 13.03 mL/hr. For the same set of parameters, the variation between the experiment and the numerical optimization was less than 4%. The experiments show that when optimizing water collection rates for thermoelectric cooling heat sinks​ under high humidity conditions, the orientation of the heat sink should be considered. © 2022 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Analysis of variance Dehumidification Optimization Orientation Thermoelectric cooler Water collection
Ali A.M.; Falah M.W.; Hafedh A.A.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Radhi S.
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Vol. 10 (3), pp. 368-379
15 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23034521
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Mustansiriayah, Iraq; Building & Construction Engineering Technology Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, AL-Qalam University College Kirkuk, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering, Altinbas University, İstanbul, Turkey; Al-Turath University College, Iraq
The impact of steel fibers on the engineering characteristics of concretes were explored experimentally in this work. Steel fibers of 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 percent by volume fraction were applied to concretes mixture with water/cements (W/C) proportions of 0.43 to accomplish this. There has been a total of 24 cubic specimens produced for compressive strengths testing, 24 cylindrical specimens for splitting tension strengths testing, and 12 cubic specimens for toughened unit weight testing. The experimental findings reveal that applying 0.5 percent to 0.9 percent of fibers made of steel to concrete boosts both compressive and tension strengths concurrently when compared to ordinary concretes; however, there is no discernible gain in hardened unit weight with increased fiber amounts © 2022, Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences.All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Engineering characteristics Fresh and hard concrete Steel-fibers
Tao H.; Alawi O.A.; Hussein O.A.; Ahmed W.; Abdelrazek A.H.; Homod R.Z.; Eltaweel M.; Falah M.W.; Al-Ansari N.; Yaseen Z.M.
Scientific reports , Vol. 12 (1), pp. 17710
14 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20452322
College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China; School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, Guizhou, China; Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; Petroleum system control engineering department, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Building and construction techniques engineering department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Iraq; Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 97187, Sweden; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Covalent and non-covalent nanofluids were tested inside a circular tube fitted with twisted tape inserts with 45° and 90° helix angles. Reynolds number was 7000 ≤ Re ≤ 17,000, and thermophysical properties were assessed at 308 K. The physical model was solved numerically via a two-equation eddy-viscosity model (SST k-omega turbulence). GNPs-SDBS@DW and GNPs-COOH@DW nanofluids with concentrations (0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%) were considered in this study. The twisted pipes' walls were heated under a constant temperature of 330 K. The current study considered six parameters: outlet temperature, heat transfer coefficient, average Nusselt number, friction factor, pressure loss, and performance evaluation criterion. In both cases (45° and 90° helix angles), GNPs-SDBS@DW nanofluids presented higher thermohydraulic performance than GNPs-COOH@DW and increased by increasing the mass fractions such as 1.17 for 0.025 wt.%, 1.19 for 0.05 wt.% and 1.26 for 0.1 wt.%. Meanwhile, in both cases (45° and 90° helix angles), the value of thermohydraulic performance using GNPs-COOH@DW was 1.02 for 0.025 wt.%, 1.05 for 0.05 wt.% and 1.02 for 0.1 wt.%. © 2022. The Author(s).
Okasha A.M.; Deraz N.; Elmetwalli A.H.; Elsayed S.; Falah M.W.; Farooque A.A.; Yaseen Z.M.
Agriculture (Switzerland) , Vol. 12 (8)
13 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770472
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Agricultural Engineering, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PE, Canada; School of Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PE, Canada; Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen Unversity, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
Water scarcity is a major constraint for food production, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. In this regard, selecting the best irrigation technique is crucial to overcome water scarcity and enhance water productivity (WP) with no significant yield loss. This study aimed to assess the impact of irrigation techniques of every furrow irrigation (EFI), alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and drip irrigation (DI), as well as the flow rate, on irrigation system performance parameters, yield, water productivity of cauliflower crop and soil salinity during the two successive growing seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 under field conditions. The treatments comprised three different irrigation inflow rates: Q1 = 0.47 L/s, Q2 = 0.95 L/s, and Q3 = 1.43 L/s. For both investigated seasons, the AFI + Q3 treatment produced the best water distribution uniformity (DU) and water application efficiency (AE) of 85.10% and 72.73%, respectively, of the surface irrigation, and DI methods across the two growing seasons produced the highest DU of 95%. DI produced the highest cauliflower curd yield (18.12 Mg/fed), followed by EFI + Q3 (12.285 Mg/fed) and AFI + Q3 (11.905 Mg/fed). The maximum mean WP value of 10.6 kg/m3 was recorded with DI, followed by AFI + Q3 (6.24 kg/m3), across the two growing seasons. DI, AFI + Q3, AFI + Q2, AFI + Q1, EFI + Q3, and EFI + Q2 saved irrigation water by 32.63, 28.71, 21.22, 18.04, 10.48, and 3.18%, respectively, compared with EFI + Q1 across the two growing seasons. During both seasons, the average value using the drip irrigation system was 3.60 dS/m. Considering the annual leaching requirements of soil, climate change conditions, and fixed costs, we recommend the use of a drip irrigation system in clayey soil to produce cauliflower, followed by the use of the alternative furrow irrigation method to enable the aeration of the same soil for a lower cost. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: cauliflower distribution uniformity irrigation methods soil salinity water productivity
Fu M.; Rong K.; Huang Y.; Zhang M.; Zheng L.; Zheng J.; Falah M.W.; Yaseen Z.M.
Scientific Reports , Vol. 12 (1)
12 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20452322
College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China; Hangzhou Laison Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310063, China; Department of Building and Construction Technologies Engineering, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are used to transmit and distribute water resources in cities. Water distribution networks (WDNs) are partitioned into district metered areas (DMAs) by water network partitioning (WNP), which can be used for leak control, pollution monitoring, and pressure optimization in WDS management. In order to overcome the limitations of optimal search range and the decrease of recovery ability caused by two-step WNP and fixed DMAs in previous studies, this study developed a new method combining a graph neural network to realize integrated WNP and dynamic DMAs to optimize WDS management and respond to emergencies. The proposed method was tested in a practical case study; the results showed that good hydraulic performance of the WDN was maintained and that dynamic DMAs demonstrated excellent stability in emergency situations, which proves the effectiveness of the method in WNP. © 2022, The Author(s).
Ali Y.A.; Falah M.W.; Ali A.H.; Al-Mulali M.Z.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Hashim T.M.; Al Sa'adi A.H.M.; Al-Hashimi O.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Vol. 31 (1), pp. 416-425
11 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03348938
Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
Using the ABAQUS software, this article presents a numerical investigation on the effects of various stud distributions on the behavior of composite beams. A total of 24 continuous 2-span composite beam samples with a span length of 1 m were examined (concrete slab at the top and steel I-section at the bottom). The concrete slab used is made of a reactive powder concrete with a compressive strength of 100.29 MPa. The total depth of each sample was 0.220 m. The samples were separated into four groups. The first group involved 6 specimens with shear connectors distributed into 2 rows with different distances (65, 85, 105, 150, 200, and 250 mm). The second group had the same spacing of shear connectors as the first group except that the shear connectors were distributed with one row along the longitudinal axis. The third group consisted of six specimens with single and double shear connectors distributed along the longitudinal axis. The fourth group included six specimens with one row of shear connectors arranged in a staggered distribution along the longitudinal axis. Results show that the optimum spacing was 105 mm in all groups and the deflection in group four fluctuated up and down due to the non-symmetrical distribution of the shear connectors. © 2022 Yasar Ameer Ali et al., published by De Gruyter.
الكلمات المفتاحية: composite construction finite element analysis shear connectors
Falah M.W.; Ali Y.A.; Al-Khafaji Z.; Al-Mulali M.Z.; Al-Husseinawi F.N.
Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering , Vol. 22 (3), pp. 29-38
7 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 14439255
Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Liverpool John Moores University, Department of Civil Engineering, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom; Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
The behavior of hollow-core columns composed of reactive powder concrete (RPC) contained by a circular carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tube is investigated numerically in this work. This research used circular hollow core column samples with an outside diameter of 20.6 cm, an interior diameter of 9cm, and a height of 80cm. These examples have been created utilizing 116 MPa reactive powder concrete. Nine groupings of specimens were created. A control set of nine unconfined hollow columns with stirrups strengthened by 12mm longitudinal bars (HCRPC). Groups two through five have been produced up of RPC hollow column specimens with similar reinforcement but were externally confined with CFRP of 0.131, 0.262, 1.2, and 2.4mm thick (These thicknesses are commercially available (0.131 for CFRP one layer sheet, 0.262 for two layers of CFRP sheet; 1.2 for one layer of CFRP plate. And 2.4 for two-layer of CFRP plate) respectively, placed at mid-length of the columns. Sets six to nine, on the other hand, are identical to the previous sets, but the CFRP restriction has been put at both columns' ends. Axial load thru the column center and uniaxial loading with 2.5 and 5 cm eccentricities from the center were applied to all columns. According to the findings, CFRP confinement boosted the strength of HCRPC columns marginally. Also, column samples confined at mid-height with CFRP wrapping achieved a higher ultimate strength than those confined at both ends. © 2022 The Authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer confinement finite element method hollow columns
Nasr M.S.; Hasan Z.A.; Jaaz H.A.G.; Abed M.K.; Falah M.W.; Hashim T.M.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Vol. 31 (1), pp. 617-622
7 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03348938
Surveying Techniques Department, Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, Iraq; Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Kufa, Iraq; Department of Building and Construction Technologies Engineering, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Civil Techniques Department, Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, Iraq
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is one of the distinctive kinds of concrete whose benefits are high mechanical performance and durability. It contains a high content of cement, which means a high amount of carbon dioxide emitted during manufacturing. Scientists have tended to search for a way to reduce environmental damage, and one solution is to partially replace cement with mineral admixtures, waste from other industries, or by-products. There are restricted studies involving the use of high content of compounding mineral admixtures in the making of RPC. Therefore, this research aims to produce sustainable RPC with a low cement content (50%). The main objective of this research is to study the impact of substituting cement with 50% of silica fume (SF) + fly ash (FA) on the mechanical characteristics of RPC. Three mixtures containing various percentages of SF + FA were poured, in addition to the reference mixture. Flowability, flexural and compressive strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and density were examined. The results showed that a sustainable RPC can be produced by substituting the cement with 10% SF and 40% FA with an improvement in workability and compressive strength and an insignificant reduction in other properties. © 2022 Mohammed Salah Nasr et al., published by De Gruyter.
الكلمات المفتاحية: fly ash mechanical properties reactive powder concrete silica fume sustainability
Falah M.W.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Yaseen R.; Yousif D.F.; Hamza K.A.; Radhi S.S.
Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering , Vol. 22 (1), pp. 1-13
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 14439255
Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Ministry of Iraqi Oil / Oil Product Distribution Company, Babylon, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey; Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
This article describes the finite element analysis of concrete columns with a hollow square reinforced which restricted with a square Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced polymer (CFRP) tube. In this study, about sixteen square hollow core columns were investigated. These columns were classified into four sets. The set number one was the reference set which involved four unconfined reinforced columns with traditional steel helices and longitudinal steel bars. The columns of the 2nd category have a similar configuration as the set number one except that these columns were restricted outwardly by the CFRP tube. The columns of the set number were restricted outwardly by a CFRP tube and restricted inwardly by a steel tube. Finally, the columns of the 4th category do not have a steel reinforcement where they produced with only an outer CFRP tube and an inner steel tube. These columns were exposed to various loading conditions: concentric, eccentric (22 and 44)mm, and four bendings' points. It was investigated that the CFRP tube confinement faintly improved thecolumns' strength. Moreover, the use of a steel tube as inner confinement in the columns with a hollow sectionled to improve the structural performance and ductility. © 2022 The Authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced polymer CFRP Reinforced Concrete Column steel pipe
Lu R.; Ramakrishnan B.; Falah M.W.; Farhan A.K.; Al-Saidi N.M.G.; Pham V.-T.
European Physical Journal: Special Topics , Vol. 231 (22-23), pp. 3987-3997
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19516355
School of Electronic Engineering, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou, 213164, China; Centre for Nonlinear Systems, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, India; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Computer Sciences, University of Technology, Al Sina’a Street, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Nonlinear Systems and Applications, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Synchronization in coupled oscillators is of high importance in secure communication and information processing. Due to this reason, a significant number of studies have been performed to investigate the synchronization state in coupled circuits. Diffusive coupling is the simplest connection between the oscillators, which can be implemented through a variable resistor between two variables of two circuits. The Chua’s circuit is the most famous chaotic circuit whose dynamics have been investigated in many studies. However, Wang–Zhang–Bao (WZB) is another chaotic circuit that can exhibit exciting behaviors such as bistability. Thus, this study aims to investigate the cooperative dynamics of the WZB circuit in its elegant parameter values. To this issue, first, we explored the dynamic behavior of the elegant WZB circuit using the bifurcation diagrams, the Lyapunov exponents, and the basins of attraction. Based on the results, we found the range of the bifurcation parameter and the initial conditions wherein the system is bistable. Subsequently, setting the parameters in the monostable region, we studied the synchronization state of two diffusively coupled WZB circuits analytically and numerically. Consequently, we used master stability functions and temporally averaged synchronization error as the analytical and numerical tools to explore the synchronization state. Then we numerically examined the synchronization state in a network of 100 nonlocally coupled WZB oscillators. As a result, we found imperfect chimera and phase synchronization in the studied network before getting synchronized. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Mohammad R.S.; Aldlemy M.S.; Ahmed A.M.; Falah M.W.; Ahammed S.J.; Yaseen Z.M.
Journal of Nanomaterials , Vol. 2022
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 16874110
University of Misan, Kahla Road, Misan, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Benghazi, Libya; Engineering Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Graphene has piqued the interest of many researchers due to its superior mechanical, thermal, and physiochemical properties. Graphene nanoplatelets with covalently functionalized surfaces (CF-GNPs) were employed in turbulent-heated pipes to undertake thermal and economic studies. CF-GNPs and distilled water were used to make the current nanofluids at various mass percentages, such as 0.025, 0.05, 0.075%, and 0.1 wt.%. In the range of 6, 401 Re 11, 907, the thermal system was heated up to 11, 205 W/m2 under fully developed turbulent flow conditions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), zeta potential, nanoparticle sizer, and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) were used to examine the morphological features and characterise the particles. In addition, the current thermal system's economic performance was assessed to estimate its price-to-operate ratio. There was a 16.10% reduction in heat exchanger size for 0.025 weight percent, 0.05 weight percent, 0.075 weight percent, and 0.1 weight percent. In addition, the power needed for the base fluid was 422 W, which was then lowered to 354 W, 326 W, 315 W, and 298 W for 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%, respectively. © 2022 Reem Sabah Mohammad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2021
4 بحث
Shubbar A.; Nasr M.; Falah M.; Al-Khafaji Z.
Energies , Vol. 14 (18)
36 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19961073
School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom; Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, 51015, Iraq; Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Al-Furrat Al-Awsat Distribution Foundation, Ministry of Oil, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Building and Construction Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq
To comply with the new net zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) target set by the United Kingdom government by 2050, different sectors including the industrial sector are required to take action to achieve this target. Improving the building envelope and production of clean energy on site are among the activities that should be considered by businesses to reduce their carbon emissions. This research analysis the current energy performance and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions of an industrial building in Liverpool, UK utilizing the Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IESVE) software modeling. Then it has proposed some methods for improving the current performance and reduce the carbon footprint of the building. The results indicated that the installation of wall and floor insulation could decrease the energy usage and CO2 emissions of the building by about 56.39%. Additionally, the production of clean energy on site using solar photovoltaic (PV) panels could reduce the annual CO2 emissions by up to 16%. Furthermore, this research provided some figures about offsetting the rest of CO2 emissions using different international offsetting schemes to achieve carbon neutrality of the building. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Carbon neutrality Carbon offsetting Clean energy CO<sub>2</sub> emissions Insulation
Falah M.W.; Hafedh A.A.; Hussein S.A.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Shubbar A.A.; Nasr M.S.
Key Engineering Materials , Vol. 895, pp. 59-67
12 استشهاد Book chapter English ISSN: 10139826
Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College Babylon, Iraq; Civil Department, AL-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, Iraq; Al-Furrat Al-Awsat Distribution Foundation, Ministry of Oil, Babylon, Iraq; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom; Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Iraq
To manufacture high-strength and high-performance concrete, the incorporation of silica fume with concrete was becoming popular nowadays. When utilizing various amounts of cement substitute products, the design becomes even more complicated. The latest research has been dedicated to researching the applicability of cement substitute products for cement kiln dust (CKD) and silica fume (SF). In permeability and compressive strength terms, the effect of these components on the efficacy of the concrete would be studied. In addition, the materials proposed might limit greenhouse gas emissions, which will mitigate climate change on other causes of global pollution. Casting a standard concrete cube (100 percent OPC) equivalent to (150 gm) would initiate the experiment, which utilized later for comparative purposes. In this research, CKD and SF were used in three different proportions (5%, 10% and 15% of each material) to partially replace the cement. Eventually, after 7, 14, 28 days, the compressive strength and the permeability (utilizing ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) technology) of the latest concrete were tested. The experimental findings indicate that the compressive strength for mixtures with 10% CKD+10% SF and 15% CKD+15% SF have showed higher compressive strength relative to the control mixture at all ages. Additionally, the results also indicated that the incorporation of CKD+SF as a partial replacement to cement improved the UPV values in various curing times. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cement kiln dust (CKD) Cement Mortar Durability Performance Mechanical Properties Silica Fume
Muteb H.H.; Falah M.W.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , Vol. 856 (1)
4 استشهاد Conference paper Open Access English ISSN: 17551307
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babil, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
Internally stabilized walls have entirely transformed the soil preservation mechanism. While such walls have achieved widespread recognition in many areas of the world, such a structure is widely adopted recently. The key explanation might be that such walls are likely to be more costly than traditional externally reinforced walls and that the construction processes included could be too time-consuming. This article provides an overview of the background, styles, advantages, and disadvantages of Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall requirements. For contrast, traditional construction samples of externally and internally supported walls have been given, including metal strip reinforcement walls, reinforcement concrete cantilever retaining wall, geotextile reinforcement walls, and grounded earth walls of various heights. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Naser M.H.; Falah M.W.; Hafedh A.A.; Naser F.H.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 2404
3 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 0094243X
Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Civil Department, AL-Qalam University College Kirkuk, Iraq; College of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
This article aims to explain the actions of reinforced concrete beams (RCHBs). (RCHBs). Based on the analysis of previous books, it could be observed that the pieces of study on the actions of haunches beams are quite unusual and to the awareness of the scholar, the latest studies have not dealt with this subject in greater detail. This article aims to explore the structural reaction and strength capability of RCHBs exposure to two-point load for shear behavior by conducting nonlinear static analysis by ABAQUS. For estimating the nonlinear behavior of haunches beams under statically loading, a novel finite element (FE) model is introduced in this article. The FE model developed provides for the analysis of three sequences of RCHBs with various variables (haunch angle, haunch weight, and point load distance). To validate the efficacy of used computational methods involving load capacities, load-deflection graphs, and crack patterns of haunches beams, the FE model then was confirmed vs an experimental work available in the literature, which demonstrated a strong agreement. © 2021 Author(s).
2020
1 بحث
Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Falah M.W.
Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems , Vol. 12 (1 Special Issue), pp. 666-670
22 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 1943023X
Civil Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
High density concrete as shielding material. This piece of work aim to discuss the wide variety applications for a high density concrete especially in the hospitals and nuclear reactors, and how a high density concrete reduce the effect of radiation on human health. As well as comparison the high density concrete with other alternative methods in both cost and humanity safe. As well as, this research present a case study for an existed hospital which constructed in Iraq by a high density concrete. © 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Alternative methods High density concrete Human-health Nuclear Radiation