بحوث سكوبس — عذراء يحيى محمد سعيد الحجازي

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has recently been implicated in the development of various astrocytic proliferations. Objective: to assess the prevalence of neurotropic EBV infection in brain tissue samples from astrocytoma patients classified into grades I, II, III, and IV, using a prospective case-control approach. Methods: In this study, 100 brain tissue specimens were obtained from 75 patients who had astrocytoma grades1, 2, 3 and 4. In contrast, the rest of the brain tissues were enrolled as a control group. The technique of polymerase chain reaction was utilized to amplify and detect the neurotropic DNA sequence of EBV in the examined brain tissues. Results: The most infected brain tumor tissues with DNA-EBV are related to the age (41–60 years), which accounted for 10.6%. The overall percentage of positive-PCR detection results for neurotropic EBV genomic DNA sequence in the examined brain tissues from astrocytomas grade 1–4 tissues was 28% (21 out of 75). The difference between the percentage of positivity of PCR detection results of neurotropic EBV genomic DNA sequence in the astrocytoma group and control group was statistically significant (P = 0.04). Conclusion and cancer policy: the present results are shedding light on the importance of the studied neurotropic EBV infection in the tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis processes of the astrocytoma cases, possibly either as initiators in the induction of these brain tumors. © The Author(s) 2025

Background: Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) nucleic acids and proteins are frequently detected in brain tumors, especially high-grade gliomas in adults and children. Despite conflicting data, further investigation into HCMV's role in gliomas is warranted. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of HCMV proteins in tissues from patients at the Specialized Surgeries Hospital in Baghdad diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and grade 2 astrocytoma. Subjects and Methods: Ninety-three (93) tissue samples were collected from patients aged 8-75 years: 46 samples from GBM surgeries and 27 from astrocytoma surgeries. An additional 20 samples collected from non-tumor neurosurgical patients such as (Eosinophilic granuloma and reactive gliosis) aged 21-71 years were included as a control group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect immediate early and early HCMV proteins. Results: Of the 73 glioma tissues, 38 (52.1%) showed positive IHC signals for HCMV. In GBM tissues, 28 out of 46 (59.9%) were positive, while in astrocytoma tissues, 10 out of 27 (38.4%) were positive. Only 1 out of 20 control tissues (5%) showed HCMV positivity. Within the GBM group, low, moderate, and high IHC scores were observed in 57.1%, 28.6%, and 14.3% of cases, respectively. In the astrocytoma group, scores were low in 60%, moderate in 30%, and high in 10%. Significant statistical differences were noted when comparing GBM and astrocytoma to the control group and comparing GBM to astrocytoma Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of HCMV in glioma samples, supporting its potential role in glioma development, particularly in GBM pathogenesis and possibly carcinogenesis. © 2025, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad. All rights reserved.

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition caused by bacteria, often causes gradual destruction of the components that support teeth, such as the alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. This ultimately results in teeth becoming loose and eventually falling out. Timely identification has a crucial role in preventing and controlling its progression. Clinical measures are used to diagnose periodontitis. However, now, there is a hunt for alternative diagnostic and monitoring methods due to the progress of technology. Various biomarkers have been assessed using multiple bodily fluids as sample sources. Furthermore, conventional periodontal categorization factors do not provide significant insights into the present disease activity, severity and amount of tissue damage, future development, and responsiveness to treatment. In recent times, there has been a growing utilization of nanoparticle (NP)-based detection strategies to create quick and efficient detection assays. Every single one of these platforms leverages the distinct characteristics of NPs to identify periodontitis. Plasmonic NPs include metal NPs, quantum dots (QDs), carbon base NPs, and nanozymes, exceptionally potent light absorbers and scatterers. These find application in labeling, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, and color-changing sensors. Fluorescent NPs function as photostable and sensitive instruments capable of labeling various biological targets. This article presents a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the effective utilization of various NPs to detect periodontitis. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2024.

The creation of an electrochemical sensor based on a CeO2/CNT nanocomposite is presented in this study as a means of detecting Lupron (LPR) in water sources, pharmaceutical waste, and clinical samples. Leuprolide, marketed under the name LPR, is a drug that is frequently used to treat uterine myoma and fibroids. Accurate identification of lupron is essential for both guaranteeing efficacious therapy and keeping an eye on its existence in pharmaceutical waste and environmental sources, since it may present hazards to both human and environmental health. Comprehensive insights into the manufacture and application of the sensor were provided by the full synthesis of the CeO2/CNT nanocomposite and the electrode modification process. Characterizations using XRD, FT-IR, and TEM demonstrated the structural integrity and morphology of the CeO2/CNT nanocomposite, confirming its effective production. The CeO2/CNT nanocomposite modified electrode's electrochemical behavior for LPR showed a strong linear relationship between the peak current and LPR concentrations ranging from 20 to 2520 ng/ml. This resulted in low detection limits (LOD = 0.01 ng/ml) and high sensitivity (0.63398 µA/ng ml−1). The remarkable storage capacity and operational stability of the CeO2/CNT/GCE sensor were validated by long-term stability studies. Additionally, the sensor showed strong selectivity towards LPR even in the presence of structurally similar compounds, indicating that it is a suitable tool for selective detection in complex biological samples. The usefulness of the sensor for real-world applications was validated by analyzing real samples. The great potential of the CeO2/CNT nanocomposite to transform LPR detection is demonstrated in this study, along with its significance for the development of electrochemical sensing in critical applications such as environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

Background: HPVs are considered to have high-oncogenic risk. These genotypes have been proven to have a causal link to cancers, in pediatric and youth patients, with high rates of HPV presence in the tonsillar tissues. Objective: A prospective case-control research for determining HPV 6/11 genotypes in tonsillar specimens of children who underwent operations in the otolaryngology departments of the Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq, for their non-oncologic palatine and pharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophies. Methods: This study enrolled 102 tonsillar tissues, 82 from pediatric patients aged from 4 to 12 years and who underwent tonsillectomies for non-oncologic palatine and pharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophies; 38 specimens were from single operations while 22 were multiple specimens from the same pediatric patients, represented as a total of 44 tissues). In addition, trimmed nasal tissues from 20 patients, with unremarkable pathological changes, were included as the control group. For HPV 6/11 DNA detection, specific DNA probes were used for the chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique. Results: In the palatine tonsillar hypertrophied tissue group, 26.2% of the tissues revealed positive CISH signals for HPV 6/11 DNA. Regarding the pharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophied tissues, 22.5% of the specimens expressed positive CISH reactions. Among the 22 pediatric patients who had combined pharyngeal and palatine tonsillectomies, in 22.7% both sites expressed positive signals. No positive-CISH reactions were documented in the control nasal tissues. Statistically a significant difference was seen when compared to the control group. Conclusions: Significant rates of HPV were observed which pointed to the spread of HPV, among other STIs, and in mothers of at least this studied pediatric group. Also, this represented a critical mark as reservoir tissue sites, allowing transmission to other mucosal tissue localizations, playing part in their pathogenesis. © 2024 Verlag Klinisches Labor GmbH. All rights reserved.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a crucial protein with vital biological tasks in cell continuation of life. The variation of HSP70 activation occurs as a consequence of stress that includes temperature states, toxicity, poisoning with heavy metals, and tumor-related conditions. One of the master jobs of the HSP family is the suppression of caspase-mediated apoptosis signals. A high level of the expression of HSP70 is accountable for tumorigenesis and resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs. For this reason, the detection of HSP70 may help to diagnose cancerous diseases. From the other side, targeting this chaperone might help in treatment by maintaining late caspase-dependent events. This study was conducted to detect the presence and the location of HSP70 in Iraqi thyroid tumor tissue specimens (25 samples), in addition to 10 samples of normal thyroid tissue. Using the immunohistochemical study (paraffin method), the protein was detected in 100% of follicular carcinoma or follicular adenoma (benign) in addition to 77.7 % of papillary thyroid carcinoma while, in normal thyroid tissue, the presence of protein was in 10 % of cases. Regarding protein location in the cells, it appeared in the nuclei and the cytoplasm of follicular carcinoma cases in comparison with just in the cytoplasm of other sections. © 2024, University of Malaya. All rights reserved.

Background: Recent advancements in molecular techniques have identified over 450 genotypes of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), classified into low- and high-oncogenic risk categories. The rise in high-oncogenic risk HPV genotypes has been linked to various cancers, including those affecting the oral, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal regions in both pediatric and adult populations. Methods: In this study, a cohort of 102 tonsillar tissue samples was included. This comprised 40 specimens from pediatric patients aged 4 to 9 years with nasopharyngeal adenoid hypertrophies, and 42 specimens from pediatric patients aged 5 to 12 years with palatine tonsillar hypertrophies. Among the 82 tonsillar tissue samples analyzed, 38 were from pediatric patients who underwent single-tonsillar type operations, while 22 were from pediatric patients who underwent dual-tonsillar type operations, resulting in a total of 44 tissues. Additionally, 20 control tissue samples were obtained from apparently healthy pediatric patients aged 5 to 12 years, following trimming operations of their inferior nasal turbinate tissues, which exhibited no notable pathological changes. For the detection of HPV 16/18 DNA, a recent iteration of Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization (CISH) technique employing specific DNA probes was utilized. Results: In the analysis, among the 40 nasopharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophied tissues, 35.0% exhibited positive CISH reactions for HPV 16/18 DNA detection. Similarly, within the palatine tonsillar hypertrophied tissue group, 30.1% displayed positive CISH signals for HPV 16/18 DNA. For the 22 specimens obtained from dual-tonsillar type operations in the same pediatric patients (totaling 44 tissues), 45.5% showed positive-CISH signals for HPV 16/18 DNA at both sites. Notably, none of the control nasal tissues demonstrated positive-CISH reactions. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (P Value <0.05) when comparing the results of tonsillar hypertrophied tissues to those of the control group. Conclusions: The notable presence of human papillomaviruses 16 and 18, particularly in their integrated forms of HPV-DNA, within pediatric groups exhibiting nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsillar non-oncologic hypertrophies, raises critical concerns regarding the potential spread of these high-oncogenic risk genotypes. These findings suggest that these sites may serve as reservoirs for the transmission of such viruses to adjacent mucosal tissues in the head and neck region. Furthermore, this presence of HPV could be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis, tumorigenesis, and carcinogenesis processes, constituting a significant step in this chain of events. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and manage the associated health risks in affected populations. © 2024 International Tinnitus Journal. All rights reserved.

The Editor-in-Chief is issuing an Editorial Expression of Concern to alert readers that this article [1] underwent unusual changes to the authorship list during the submission process. Readers are advised to interpret the contributions of the authors to this article with caution. The authors did not respond to correspondence from the publisher about this Editorial Expression of Concern. © The Author(s) 2024.

Caries is the most prevalent and widespread chronic oral disease. Traditional caries filling materials, due to their lack of anti-caries capabilities, can readily develop secondary caries. Nanomaterials proposed as an effective approach for caries treatment can inhibit biofilm formation. It also can not only reduce demineralization but also promote remineralization. In recent years, nanotechnology in anti-caries materials, particularly nano-adhesive and nano-composite resin, has advanced rapidly. Because inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) interfere with bacterial metabolism and inhibit biofilm development, inorganic NPs have emerged as a new trend in dental applications. Metal and metal oxide NPs by releasing metal ions, oxidative stress induction, and non-oxidative mechanisms showed significant antimicrobial activity. For applying metal and metal oxide NPs as anti caries agents, silver, zinc, titanium, copper, and calcium ions have been shown significant attention. Moreover, fluoride functionalized inorganic NPs were also employed to improve their efficacy of them. The fluoride-functionalized NPs can promote remineralization, and inhibit demineralization by enhancing apatite formation. In this review, we have provided an overview and recent advances in the use of inorganic NPs as anti caries agents. Furthermore, their antimicrobial, remineralizing, and mechanical impacts on dental materials were discussed. © 2023 The Authors

Objectives: Tooth avulsion is defined as total tooth displacement from the alveolar socket; the best treatment is replantation of the tooth. Human milk influences body health, growth, and development related to the presence of micro and macro nutrient components. This study assessed the effects of human colostrum as a storage medium on the success of tooth replantation. Methods: The upper left incisor of 30 adult male Wistar rats was extracted, and the rats were divided into three groups according to the storage medium of the extracted tooth for replantation: Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), tap water, and colostrum groups. The MTT cell viability assay was conducted, and histological evaluation and histomorphometric analyses were performed on postoperative day 45 for identification of pulp necrosis, periodontal hyalinization, percentage of resorbed area, and the periodontal ligament attachment. Results: The colostrum medium showed a higher percentage of cell viability followed by HBSS with statistical significance. Histological findings of the replanted avulsed tooth that soaked in tap water as storage medium showed obvious external and internal root resorption. Pulp necrosis and periodontal ligament hyalinization and with a significant differences values in comparison to HBSS and colostrum groups (p > 0.05), whereas the colostrum group showed new well-reattached periodontal ligament with normal pulp and no evidence of root resorption. Conclusion: Tooth loss is minimized by using human colostrum as storage medium in replantation of an avulsed tooth after a 1 h period compared to HBSS and water. © 2023 Taibah University

Heat shock protein70 (HSP70) is a crucial protein with vital biological tasks to continue cell life. The variation of HSP70 activation occurs due to stress, which includes temperature states, toxicity, poisoning with heavy metal, and tumor-related conditions. One of the master jobs of the HSP family is the suppression of the apoptosis signals, which are caspase-mediated. A high level of the expression of HSP70 is accountable for tumorigenesis and resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs. For this reason, the detection of HSP70 may help to diagnose cancerous diseases. Conversely, targeting this chaperone might help treatment by maintaining late caspase‐dependent events. This study was conducted to detect the presence and the location of HSP70 in Iraqi thyroid cancer tissue specimens (25 samples) and (10 samples) of normal thyroid tissue. Using an immunohistochemical study (paraffin method), the protein was detected in 100% of follicular carcinoma or follicular adenoma in addition to 77.7 % of papillary thyroid carcinoma, while in normal thyroid tissue, the presence of protein was in 10% of cases. Regarding protein location in the cells, it appeared in the nuclei and the cytoplasm of follicular carcinoma cases compared to just in the cytoplasm of other cases. © 2023 by the authors.

The safety and success of an implant after surgery depend on many factors, some related to the implant's biocompatibility, properties, surface modification, design, and other factors related to surgical procedures, implant bed preparation, and drilling techniques. It is recognized that the success of implant dentistry depends on several factors that may be related to biochemical properties and modification in mechanical properties. The present study aimed to assess the effect of using bovine milk as an irrigant solution on implant osseointegration. The implant socket was prepared by drilling bone holes in 20 femurs of the rabbits at steady rotation speeds with different irrigate solutions (normal saline / commercial pasteurized bovine milk). Mechanical tests and histological investigation were performed to estimate the removal torque record and implant contact area, BIC. Findings illustrate that implant contact area (BIC) and removal torque mean values are higher in experimental compared to control with more bone apposition and maturation at 4&8 week measured periods. Osseointegration is accelerated by using bovine milk in irrigation and rinsing of implant socket. Copyright © 2023 by Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute.

Elevated Interleukin-13 (IL-13) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, yet, the attenuated response did not notice across all severe cases. Susceptibility to asthma in specific populations is associated with several SNPs of multifunctional cytokines, such as IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33. This prospective case-control study is designed to investigate the extent of genetic susceptibility in subsets of Iraqi patients with COVID-19 by targeting the variants of interleukin IL-13rs20541 polymorphism in relation to disease susceptibility and severity of clinical presentation. One hundred samples were obtained from the throat, nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs enrolled in this study. Eighty samples of the throat, nasopharyngeal and nasal localization swabs were obtained from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (both COVID-19 and non-COVID19 patients), while other 20 nasopharyngeal swabs were included as a healthy control group (AHC). Detection of IL-13rs20541 polymorphism was done by ARMS technique. The frequencies of GG-genotype in ARDS- patients with COVID-19, non-COVID19-, and AHC groups were respectively 14%, 12% and 3%, where, and as compared to the control group, showed a significant increase in COVID-19 patients. The AA- genotype in patients with COVID-19 group, non- COVID-19 group and healthy control group documented the frequency of 9%, 7%, and 14%, respectively, where the frequency decreased in the patient's groups as compared to the AHC group. Finally, and among the studied groups, an increase of AG- genotype (as rate OR=1.89) was documented compared to genotype GG and A-. Genetic polymorphisms in the IL-13rs20541 gene might influence its functions in patients with SARS-associated respiratory tract infection and thus might involve the pathogenicity of patients with COVID-19. © 2022 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. All rights reserved.

Introduction: Dental pulp tissue contains many undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, which have the ability to differentiate into different specialized cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells have been developed by various growth factors. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of a combination BMP2/TGF β1 as capped material for traumatic pulp in osteoporotic rat. Materials and Methods: Twelfth female rats (6 normal rat and other 6 osteoporotic rat)., their maxillary anterior teeth subjected to mechanical traumatized pulptomy, the left tooth has speared without treatment, while the right tooth capped with application of 0.5 μl of BMP2 and 0.5μl of TGF β1 .Evaluation of histological changes includes scoring of pulp inflammation and scoring of morphology and thickness of dentin bridge were estimated for all study groups. Results: Histological examination of tooth with pulptomy capped by BMP-2&TGF β1 for both normal and osteoporotic rat showed formation of reparative dentin bridge and minimal inflammatory response with a significant differences value in comparison to control. Conclusion: The study concludes that application of a combination of BMP-2&TGFβ1 enhanced tooth repair in osteoporotic rat. @Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

Background: Aloe vera was used to enhance defense mechanisms, and it has a variety of components that affected on periodontal healing and other oral condition.It was used also around dental implants to control inflammation from bacteria contamination. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is of particular interest because of its ability to induce neovascularization (angiogenesis), VEGF also acts to recruit and activate osteoclasts as well as stimulate osteoblast chemotaxis, differentiation, and matrix mineralization.Aim of study: The objective of this research was to illustrate the biological actions of topical application of aloe vera and growth factor VEGF on implant tissue contact surface which is involved in osseointegration.Materials and Method: Commercially pure Titanium(cpTi) implants with aloe vera /and VEGF,were placed in the tibia of (24) New Zealand white rabbits, Mechanical test (torque removal test) was performed as an indicator for the presence of osseointegration and bone implant contact (BIC)measurement as a test for the property of bone-implant interface.Histological investigation was performed on all the implants of both control and experimental groups at (1,2, and 6weeks) healing intervals.Results: Findings illustrated that removal torque mean and BIC values in experimental implant showed high value in comparison to control. Histological results show an early bone deposition and early maturation in combination group.Conclusions: Bone formation &maturation was accelerated by adding biological materials and using a combination of Aloe Vera and VEGF is a powerful tool for enhancement of osseointegration. © 2020, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.

Background: Avulsion of tooth constitutes an emergency case in dental management. It accounts 1%-16% of all traumatic tooth injuries. Avulsed tooth required immediate treatment and all efforts must be oriented to restore periodontal attachment and blood supplement to surrounding structures. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and vasculogenic factor that affects dental pulp and periodontal repair. The study was designed to investigate the effect of exogenous application of VEGF on regeneration of dental tissue in delayed replantation of avulsed tooth in rats. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were used in this study, 12 rats with replanted of avulsed incisors without treatment, others replanted in their treated sockets with 0.5 μl VEGF. Histological and histomorphometric analysis were done at periods (21 and 45 days) postoperatively to estimate repaired cementum, periodontal ligament attachment and percentage of resorbed area. Results: Histomorphometric analysis reported that replanted avulsed tooth with VEGF application showed lower areas of root resorption and ankylosis in comparison to control group with a significant difference value (p > 0.05). Histological assessment showed reattachment of periodontal ligament with obvious angiogenesis in experimental group. Conclusion: The risk of root resorption, ankylosis and subsequent tooth loss is minimized by using VEGF in delayed replantation of avulsed tooth. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved.

Introduction: Dental pulp tissue contains many undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, which have the ability to differentiate into different specialized cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells have been developed by various growth factors. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of a combination BMP2/TGF β1 as capped material for traumatic pulp in osteoporotic rat. Materials and Methods: Twelfth female rats (6 normal rat and other 6 osteoporotic rat)., their maxillary anterior teeth subjected to mechanical traumatized pulptomy, the left tooth has speared without treatment, while the right tooth capped with application of 0.5 μl of BMP2 and 0.5μl of TGF β1 .Evaluation of histological changes includes scoring of pulp inflammation and scoring of morphology and thickness of dentin bridge were estimated for all study groups. Results: Histological examination of tooth with pulptomy capped by BMP-2&TGF β1 for both normal and osteoporotic rat showed formation of reparative dentin bridge and minimal inflammatory response with a significant differences value in comparison to control. Conclusion: The study concludes that application of a combination of BMP-2&TGFβ1 enhanced tooth repair in osteoporotic rat. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved.

Background: Osteoporosis is a disease associated with different risk factors, and many evidences suggest that it may be associated with the health of the oral cavity, including teeth and alveolar bone. In order to clarify the role of application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in pulp repair for osteoporotic rat, we investigated their effects on the expression of Syndecan-4, alkaline phosphatase (ALP )and Collagen I by dental pulp cells of normal and osteoporotic rats. Methods: Twelfth female rats (6 normal and the other 6 were osteoporotic rats), their maxillary anterior teeth have subjected to a mechanical traumatized pulptomy, where the left tooth has speared without treatment while the right tooth capped with application of 0.5 μl of BMP2 and 0.5μl of TGF β1. Immuno-histochemical evaluation of Syndecan-4, ALP and Collagen I were estimated during the healing period in the examined pulp cells. Results: Immuno-histochemical examination of tooth with pulptomy capped by BMP-2&TGF β1 for both normal and osteoporotic rat revealed an increment in the expression of Syndecan-4 and ALP, with a significant differences value in comparison to control, while a non-significant difference was recorded for the collagen I. Conclusion: The expression of Syndecan-4 and ALP in the traumatic pulp of osteoporotic rats could be affected by the local application of exogenous growth factors. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recognized to be involved in differentiation and proliferation of specialized cell such as osteoblast cell and endothelial cell. The study designed to identify the effect of exogenous BDNF on development of jaw and on neural marker expression. Twenty pregnant rats, ten rats injected (I.M) with 0.1 ml normal saline, other ten injected (I.M) with 0.1 ml of BDNF. Rats were received three doses at intervals (0, 7, 14 day of gestation periods).The developmental jaw of embryos in 16th and 18th intra-uterine life studied for histological and immune-histochemical investigations. The results Illustrated an enhancement of bone development during proceeding embryonic periods for both study groups .Moreover, the experimental group showed a significant differences in the mean of bone cell count at 18th day in comparison to 16th day IUL, and in comparison to control. Results revealed a positive expression of neuronal marker by proliferating nerve cells with a significant difference in comparison between experimental and control. The study suggests that BDNF may contributed in promoting the differentiation of bone cells and enhancement of bone formation with increasing in expression of neuron marker. © 2020, World Informations Syndicate. All rights reserved.

Background: Four neurotrophins (NTFs) are a family of structurally related proteins with specific effects on the developing nervous system and non-neuronal differentiating cells. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) has role in differentiation of pulp cells into mineralizing cells,and that was identified as survival factor, development and function of dental tissues. Aim of the study: The study was designed to illustrate pulp response capped by brain-derived neurotrophic factor after mechanical trauma. Materials and Method: Brain derived neurotrophic factor was used as pulp capped material for maxillary anterior teeth of (12 )rat following the mechanical traumatized proceduce.Pulp reaction was studied histologically from the first cutting procedure,followed by interval periods (48,72,168 hours ),Six teeth for each period . Results: Illustrated an enhancement of pulp healing represented by newly apposition of reparative dentine with presences of active angiogenesis followed by globular minerlization that coincides with proceeding interval time. Conclusion: The study suggest that BDNF contributes in pulp healing and can be addressed to a more conservative treatment approach. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Background: Alveolar bone regeneration can be guided by the application of a collagen protein coupled with neuroinductive protein, following tooth extraction. Aim of the study: The present study was designed to evaluate the radiologic, histologic and histomorphometric aspects of socket healing in extraction site received placental collagen with brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), compared with control site that healed spontaneously. Materials and Method: Twelfth Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper central teeth of both sides. The right side be the control one as the socket healed spontaneously. while left side be the experimental site, as tooth socket treated with 1µL of placental collagen with 1µL of BDNF. The rats were scarified at 2 and 4 weeks post extraction. Socket healing was examined radiographically and histologically. Results: Experimental site illustrates trabecular bones formation between the peripheral and central regions of the sockets at 2 weeks and increment of bone formation was observed, filled most of socket at 4 weeks with reepithelization recognized at the surface. Radiographical view shows radiopaque that comprising 50% to 74% of the overall area of the socket and was assigned a score of 3 with a high p value in comparisum to control. Conclusion: The present study, high lighted on osseo-inductive effect of the local application of placental collagen with BDNF in socket healing. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Background: BMPs play important roles in normal bone development and regulation of bone repair by their ability to stimulate osteogenesis, cell differentiation and apposition of bone matrix. Aim of study: to find role for the application of BMP4 in bone defect with expression of BMP7 by newly formed bone. Materials and Method: Twenty male Wistar rats were used to create a drill-hole injury (3mm) bone defects in femur,one in the left side represented the control,while the right side represented the experimental. The study groups include: • Control group, the bone defect was left without treatment. • Experimental group,the bone defect treated with 0.5 μl of BMP4. Bone repair was examined histologyically and immunohistochemically for the expression of BMP7 at the postoperative periods 14 and 28 day. Result: Show increased bone formation with proceeding time postoperatively for both study groups, although experimental group illustrates more bone apposition that filled the defect at 28 day. Moreover intense positive expression of BMP7 by stromal and bone cells were illustrated in experimental group with high significant differences in comparisum to control. Conclusions: BMP4 seems to play an important role in bone repair; induced expression of BMP7 correlates with the bone repair outcome. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Back ground:Alveolar bone regeneration can be guided by the application of a Gallic acid following tooth extraction. Aim of the study:The present study was designed to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical aspects of socket healing in extraction site received Gallic acid,compared with control site that healed spontaneously. Materials and Method: Twelfth Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper central teeth of both sides.The right side be the control one as the socket healed spontaneously. while left side treated with 3µL of Gallic acid. The rats were scarified at 14and 28days post extraction. Socket healing was examined histologically and evaluate immuno-expression of osteocalcin. Results: Experimental site illustrates trabecular bones formation between the peripheral and central regions of the sockets at 14 day and increment of bone formation was observed, filled most of socket at 28 days.Results show intense positive expression of osteocalcin by bone cell in experimental group in comparisum to control.The results confirmed by statistic analysis of the data,which revealed a high significant difference in the mean of positive cells specifically at day 14 postoperative. Conclusion: The present study,high lighted on osseo-inductive and angiogenesis effect of the local application of gallic acid in socket healing. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.