جامعة المستقبل (UOMUS)، الواقعة في بابل بالعراق، هي مؤسسة خاصة رائدة تأسست عام 2010 (وكانت سابقًا كلية)، ونمت لتصبح جامعة أكاديمية وبحثية رائدة ومستدامة. تشتهر الجامعة بتصنيفها الأولى في العراق في مجالات متنوعة، بما في ذلك الطاقة النظيفة (الهدف السابع من أهداف التنمية المستدامة) والمنشورات العلمية ذات التأثير العالي (2019-2026). تضم جامعة المستقبل 15 كلية و50 قسمًا تغطي الهندسة والعلوم الطبية والاجتماعية.

العراق , بابل , طريق حلة نجف [email protected] 6163

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العراق , بابل , طريق حلة نجف

البريد الالكتروني

[email protected]

رقم الهاتف

6163

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العودة إلى الملف الشخصي
ا. د. حسن شاكر مجدي

بحوث سكوبس — ا. د. حسن شاكر مجدي

382 إجمالي البحوث
5345 إجمالي الاستشهادات
2026 أحدث نشر
7 أنواع المنشورات
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2026
1 بحث

Adaptive Hybrid Information Gain and Autoencoder-Based Feature Selection with Ensemble Recurrent Extreme Learning Machine for Enhanced Network Intrusion Detection Systems

2026
Shwaysh M.M.; Hussain A.-S.T.; Salih S.Q.; Almulaisi T.A.; Radhi A.D.; Majdi H.S.; Desa H.
Journal of Network and Systems Management , Vol. 34 (1)
Article English ISSN: 10647570
College of Education for Humanities, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, 31001, Iraq; Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Kirkuk, Kirkuk, 36001, Iraq; Technical College of Engineering, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Kirkuk, 36001, Iraq; Centre of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems (COEUAS), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jalan Kangar-Alor Setar, Perlis, Kangar, 01000, Malaysia; College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, 198, Karbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) play a crucial role in addressing the constantly rising, dynamic, and high-speed network cyber threats. Traditional signature-based systems are generally ineffective at detecting zero-day or low-frequency attacks. This research aims to enhance real-time intrusion detection by designing an optimized hybrid model that incorporates information gain, autoencoder-based feature reduction, and a gradient boosting ensemble classifier. The method employs a two-step feature selection process, first utilizing information gain to select discriminative features, followed by the application of autoencoder-based dimension reduction. The resulting features are used to train the ensemble of XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost classifiers. Experiments were conducted on the CICIDS2018 dataset, which has over 1 million network traffic samples. All the ensemble classifiers demonstrated excellent detection performance, with ROC-AUC values exceeding 0.90 for all three. 99% accuracy and 80% recall were achieved for DDoS attack detection. The performance worsened for minority attack types such as botnets and brute-force attacks, with recall values of 37% and 28%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the suggested system is efficient in detecting large-scale and high-frequency attacks, with its modularity and scalability enabling real-time feasibility. The problem of minority attack detection remains, however. Future work entails addressing class imbalance and exploring adaptive deep learning models for enhanced detection of rare attack classes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CIDS2018 dataset Dimensionality reduction Feature extraction Network intrusion detection Network security
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 1 | EID: 2-s2.0-105016457277
2025
73 بحث

Experimental multifaceted approach for enhance pyramidal solar still productivity: Tracking, corrugated absorber, reflectors, external condenser, and phase change material integration

2025
Essa F.A.; Basem A.; Gadallah H.Y.; El-Sebaey M.S.; Alawee W.H.; Majdi H.S.; Omara Z.M.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , Vol. 197
30 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09575820
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex 21648, Alexandria, Egypt; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511, Egypt; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This study enhances the performance of pyramid solar still by incorporating a vertically positioned, triangular-shaped absorber with a single-axis solar tracking mechanism. This innovation, combined with a flat and corrugated vertical absorber covered by burlap covers to reduce water content and accelerate evaporation, rear mirror to maximize solar energy capture, fan to expedite steam removal, and a composite layer of phase changing material and silver nanoparticles to augment thermal performance. The study demonstrated significant productivity enhancements for various modified solar still with triangular-shaped absorber configurations compared to reference pyramid distiller. The modified pyramid distiller with triangular-shaped absorber, modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, and modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber and tracking exhibited substantial productivity gains of 32 %, 61 %, and 102 %, respectively. Further improvements were observed with the integration of reflectors and tracking, achieving a 130 % increase in productivity for the modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber and reflectors. Notably, the implementation of an external condenser led to an additional 50 % productivity increase. The incorporation of phase change material in the modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, and reflectors resulted in the highest productivity, reaching 10400 mL/m²/day, representing a 166 % increase over PSS. Concurrently, the energy efficiency of modified solar still with triangular absorber (39.6 %), modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber (44.2 %), tracked modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber (49 %), modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber and reflector (50.5 %), modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber, reflector and fan (59 %), and modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber, reflector and PCM (57 %). The thermal exergy efficiency of the distiller with a tracked corrugated absorber was found to be approximately 2.96 %, 3.2 %, 3.6 %, and 3.45 % for the configurations of modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber and reflectors, modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, reflectors and condenser, and modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, reflectors and phase change material, respectively. The results underscore the cost-effectiveness of the proposed design enhancements, with the modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, reflectors and condenser achieving a 31.5 % reduction in production costs compared to the traditional distiller. © 2025 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Jute cloth PCM Pyramid solar still Reflectors Withdrawing fan
DOI Scopus
Institution of Chemical Engineers | Art. 107061 | EID: 2-s2.0-105001336522

Energy consumption and efficiency degradation predictive analysis in unmanned aerial vehicle batteries using deep neural networks

2025
Al-Haddad L.A.; Łukaszewicz A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Holovatyy A.; Jaber A.A.; Al-Karkhi M.I.; Giernacki W.
Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal , Vol. 19 (5), pp. 21-30
19 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22998624
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45C, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al‐Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; Department of Computer-Aided Design Systems, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine; Faculty of Automatic Control, Robotics and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) needs efficient energy management to ensure optimal performance and flight time. In this paper, the energy consumption and efficiency degradation in DJI Mini 2 drone batteries by the use of a deep neural network (DNN) for predictive analysis, was concern. The research conducted repeated flights and monitoring battery discharge from 100% to 27% over 20 trials. Experimental conditions, including flight duration and environmental factors, were controlled to ensure repeatability and to minimize any external influences on the recorded data. Data were stored onto AIRDATA (drone logbook) and then recollected for new labeling. The initial flights demonstrated similar, near constant performance, while following flights showed a gradual reduction in flight time (performance degradation). To ensure comparable power usage and minimize external influences, hover mode was selected for all flights. Next, on this data the DNN was trained using the metrics of mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error (CVRMSE), and determination coefficient (R²). The trained model achieved the MSE of 0.352%, RMSE of 0.593%, MAE of 0.324%, MAPE of 0.857%, CVRMSE of 0.743%, and R² of 0.981. The obtained results show the DNN’s ability to predict future power consumption for the UAV that in turn provides insights for energy management and extension of battery life. The paper contributes to the development of sustainable UAV operations by better knowledge about battery performance for in-flight conditions. © 2025, Politechnika Lubelska. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: battery deep neural network energy consumption flight duration UAV
DOI Scopus
Politechnika Lubelska | EID: 2-s2.0-105001558992

Recent advances in microfluidic-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platforms for biomedical applications

2025
Alaridhee Z.A.I.; Alqaraguly M.B.; Formanova S.; Kuryazov R.; Mahdi M.S.; Taher W.M.; Alwan M.; Jabir M.S.; Zankanah F.H.; Majdi H.; Jawad M.J.; Hamad A.K.; Bozorov K.
Microchimica Acta , Vol. 192 (5)
11 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 00263672
Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; Medical Laboratories Techniques, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Chemistry and Its Teaching Methods, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Urgench State University, Kh. Olimjon St. 14, Urgench, 220100, Uzbekistan; College of MLT, Ahl Al Bayt University, Karbala, Iraq; College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq; Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Health & Medical Technology, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq; Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand, 140104, Uzbekistan
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques seamlessly combine electrochemical and spectroscopic principles, offering a powerful platform for the detection of biomarkers and biological molecules in clinical and biomedical settings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microfluidic PEC probes, emphasizing their potential for ultrasensitive detection through enhanced light absorption and charge transfer processes. Key advantages of microfluidic PEC include real-time monitoring of biological processes, non-invasive detection, and the possibility of multiplexing when integrated with various quantification modalities. However, the practical implementation of PEC faces challenges such as bulky setup, matrix interference, and stability of PEC-active materials. Also, this paper discusses the intricate mechanisms of PEC sensing, highlighting the roles of nanomaterials in enhancing microfluidic PEC systems. Additionally, the limitations inherent in PEC material selection, including stability and bandgap engineering, are critically discussed. Solutions such as doping and the development of composite materials are proposed to address these issues. Through presented examples of PEC applications in biomedical fields, this review elucidates the future potential of PEC-based methods as reliable and effective tools for diagnostic applications. Additionally, this review proposes the most effective probes for future investigations to develop commercial devices. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biomedical application Microfluidic Photoelectrochemical Photoelectrochemical materials
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 297 | EID: 2-s2.0-105002965472

A review of advanced heteroatom-doped graphene and its derivatives materials for photocatalytic applications

2025
Alanezi K.M.; Ahmad I.; AlFaify S.; Ali I.; Mohammad A.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Almutairi F.M.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry , Vol. 143, pp. 1-32
10 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 1226086X
Chemical Engineering Technology Department, College of Technological Studies (CTS), Public Authority of Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Kuwait; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, 32093, Kuwait; School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea; Department of Applied Sciences, University of technology, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
The demand for energy generation and environmental remediation has inspired the design of green photocatalysis. Owing to their high surface area, superior charge mobility, and high chemical durability, graphene and its derivatives have been widely exploited to develop remarkable photocatalysts for diverse applications. Heteroatom doping can equip these materials with enhanced physiochemical, optical, and electrical characteristics. Considering the recent advances in experimental and theoretical research, we have critically reviewed and discussed heteroatom-doped graphene- and its derivatives-based photocatalysts, including basic properties, synthetic methods, single-doped, and co-doped graphene and its derivatives in the application of photocatalysis. In particular, we addressed the unique characteristics originating from different heteroatom dopants, varied doping amounts and combinations, and mutual impacts from co-dopants to improve the conception of heteroatom-doped graphene and its derivatives materials. The reaction pathways behind their favorable utilization for photocatalysis are discussed to promote advanced applications. The current review offers a reference for the design and photocatalytic applications of novel heteroatom-doped graphene and its derivatives materials. © 2024 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
الكلمات المفتاحية: Doping Graphene Graphene aerogels Graphene oxide Graphene quantum dots Heteroatom Photocatalyst Reduced graphene oxide
DOI Scopus
Korean Society of Industrial Engineering Chemistry | EID: 2-s2.0-85202489517

Predicting compressive strength of sustainable concrete using advanced AI models: DLNN, RF, and MARS

2025
Wagh M.; Waghmare C.; Gudadhe A.; Thakur N.; Mohammed S.J.; Algburi S.; Majdi H.S.; Ansari K.
Asian Journal of Civil Engineering , Vol. 26 (5), pp. 1939-1954
9 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15630854
Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India; Computer Science and Design Division, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Bajaj Institute of Technology, Wardha, India; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, 36015, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Recycled aggregate is becoming a sustainable construction resource that minimizes the carbon footprint in concrete structures. To predict the behavior of environmentally friendly (EnF) concrete in sustainable construction, it is necessary to predict the compressive strength using recycled materials accurately. The current research highlights the performance of the Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN), Random Forests (RFs), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) are evaluated and extensive analysis of data segmentation was performed by splitting the dataset used in this study into 75–25% as well as 80–20% training/testing scenarios using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XG Boost), a quantitative measurement of the effect of data segmentation on model efficiency. The combination of AI models with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XG Boost) was employed to ascertain the governing variables on the CS prediction. Numerous statistical models developed were used to compare the effectiveness of these given models showing the best performance of the DLNN model based on the least RMSE (2.93). The results found that more variables should be added to the prediction problem for better prediction accuracy and the data split of 80–20% was the best choice. Based on the high accuracy of models, the results demonstrated that over the other established models, the DLNN model surpasses them in the analysis of concrete behavior and is useful for future applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Compressive strength prediction Deep learning neural network Multivariate adaptive regression splines Random forests Recycled aggregate XG Boost
DOI Scopus
Springer Nature | Art. 121886 | EID: 2-s2.0-105000706125

DFT-Based Tailoring of the Thermoelectric and Photovoltaic Response of the Halide Double Perovskite Cs2TlYF6 (Y = Ag, Co)

2025
Alshomrany A.S.; Bousbih R.; Sajid M.; Jamil M.; Munir J.; Bani-Fwaz M.Z.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Assem E.E.; Shaban M.; Nazar M.
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials , Vol. 35 (3), pp. 1591-1602
6 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15741443
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca, 24381, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China; Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
The novel material halide double perovskites Cs2TlYF6 (Y = Ag, Co) are the potential candidates for thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices. The ground state and temperature dependent electronic transport properties are computed for Cs2TlYF6 (Y = Ag, Co) by utilizing density functional theory as employed within WIEN2k package. The negative energy of formation and obtained optimization plots validated the stability of studied halides. The computed electronic properties (band structure, DOS) reveal the semiconductor behavior with band gap value of 1.95 eV and 3.55 eV for Cs2TlAgF6 and Cs2TlCoF6, correspondingly. The optical features are illustrated in terms of dielectric function, coefficient of optical absrobance, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and reflectivity. The optimal absorbance in the visible and UV spectrum of light, affirms the materials availability for optoelectronic devices. Thermoelectric characteristics exhibit maximum ZT value, higher Seebeck coefficients and lower thermal conductivity. A ZT of 1.46 at 300 K is attained for Cs2TlCoF6, while 0.74 is achieved for Cs2TlAgF6. Presented theoretical simulations indicate that the explored materials can of potential usage in renewable energy fields. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Figure of merit (ZT) First principles calculations Optical properties Structural attributes
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-105002940304

Optimization of Harmonic Elimination in PV-Fed Asymmetric Multilevel Inverters Using Evolutionary Algorithms

2025
Almalaisi T.A.; Wahab N.I.A.; Zaynal H.I.; Hassan M.K.; Majdi H.S.; Radhi A.D.; Solke N.; Sekhar R.
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems , Vol. 5 (2), pp. 902-916
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 27752658
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia; Unit of Renewable Energy, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq; Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, PO Box 198, Karbala, Iraq; Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT) Pune Campus, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Maharashtra, Pune, 412115, India
Modern power electronics depend heavily on Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) to drive high-power systems operating in renewable energy systems electric vehicles along with industrial motor drives. MLIs create AC signals of high quality by joining multiple DC voltage sources which leads to minimal harmonic distortion outputs. The Cascaded H-Bridge MLI (CHB-MLI) stands out as a first choice among different topologies of MLI for photovoltaic (PV) applications because it includes modular features with fault tolerance capabilities and excellent multi-DC source integration. To achieve effective operation MLIs need optimized control strategies that reduce harmonics while maintaining highest performance. Using SHE-PWM technology provides an effective technique for harmonic frequency reduction which allows the improvement of waveform integrity. Technical restrictions make the solution of SHE-PWM nonlinear equations exceptionally challenging to implement. The resolution of complex non-linear equations requires implementation of GA combined with PSO and BO for optimal switching angle determination. The research investigates an 11-level asymmetric CHB-MLI using five solar panels where SHE-PWM switching angles are optimized through GA, PSO and BO applications. Simulation tests validate that the implemented algorithms succeed in minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and removing fundamental harmonic disturbances. The evaluation demonstrates distinct capabilities of each optimization approach between accuracy rates and computational speed performance. These optimization methods yield practical advantages which boost the performance of multi-level inverters. The researchers who follow should study actual hardware deployments together with combined control approaches to enhance power electronic applications. © 2025, Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE). All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Asymmetric Inverters Bonobo Optimization Algorithm Cascaded Multilevel Inverters Selective Harmonic Elimination
DOI Scopus
Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE) | EID: 2-s2.0-105007949321

Novel Eco-Friendly Electrode: Copper Nanoparticle-Doped MWCNTs for Green Electro-Organic Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles With ChCl/Urea as a Solvent and Cocatalyst

2025
Basem A.; Sagdullaev S.; Alaridhee Z.; Altayeh A.; Jafar N.; Jabir M.; Majdi H.; Al-Rubaye A.; Jumaah M.; Usmonova L.; Ghabbour H.; Almehizia A.
Applied Organometallic Chemistry , Vol. 39 (1)
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 02682605
Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, Iraq; Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Department of Dental, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq; Chemistry Department, Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Navoi, Uzbekistan; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Meticulous electrode design is pivotal in advancing greener and more sustainable electro-organic synthesis practices. In this research, our team designed and synthesized a copper-doped electrode on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and characterized it using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. Subsequently, this electrode was utilized as a catalyst at the electrode surface, serving as a cathode in electro-oxidation reactions in the presence of phenylacetylene, sodium azide (NaN3), and benzyl halide for the production of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives under ambient temperature, within a 30-min reaction time, and at atmospheric pressure, achieving an efficiency level ranging from good to excellent, specifically between 88% and 96%. The synthesized 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were identified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, CHN elemental analysis, and melting point. In this paper, choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvents (DES) serve multiple roles in the reaction mechanism. They function as solvents and co-catalysts, generate weak bases, and provide numerous advantages in green chemistry. These advantages include low toxicity, reduced environmental risks, improved atom economy, and non-volatility, making them safer alternatives to traditional organic solvents. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: choline chloride/urea copper NPs deep eutectic solvent eco-friendly electrode electro-organic synthesis multiwalled nanotubes
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Ltd | Art. e7789 | EID: 2-s2.0-85205708525

Graphene-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) Waveguide Surrounded by Uniaxial Chiral (UAC) and Plasma Layers

2025
Bani-Fwaz M.Z.; Bousbih R.; Khamis R.A.; Soliman M.S.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Shaban M.; Assem E.E.; Al-Saeedi S.I.; Hadia N.M.A.; Laiba
Plasmonics , Vol. 20 (3), pp. 1523-1530
6 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15571955
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; College of Sciences, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
In this manuscript, we have developed a model for a graphene-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide surrounded by uniaxial chiral and plasma layers. Electromagnetic wave theory is utilized to solve numerical problems. Graphene conductivity is modeled physically using the Kubo formula, described in the “Methodology” section. The characteristic equation is obtained by applying boundary conditions at x=0. Based on numerical calculations, we examine the impact of chemical potential, number of graphene layers, plasma frequency, collisional frequency, and chirality on normalized propagation constants. Furthermore, the cutoff frequency for two different cases of the uniaxial chiral medium used for the different values of graphene and plasma parameters is revealed. The numerical results reflect that the presented study can be used to fabricate modulator plasmonic devices ranging from sensing and imaging to communication in the terahertz frequency regime. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Characteristic equation Graphene Plasma Plasmon Uniaxial chiral Waveguide
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 168678 | EID: 2-s2.0-105001590799

Constructing multifunctional novel noble-metal free NiS/ZnS/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposites for highly active superior photocatalytic water splitting

2025
Rameshbabu R.; Siaw Paw J.K.; Ajaijawahar K.; Arunachalam A.; Jadoun S.; Viswanathan M.R.; Yaw C.T.; Kiong T.S.; Tong C.W.; Abed A.M.; Majdi H.S.; Pasupuleti J.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 139, pp. 935-945
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03603199
Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University), Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Selangor, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia; Hydrogen Storage Materials and Nanosensors Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu, India; Departamento de Electricidad, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Av. José Pedro Alessandri 1242, Santiago, Ñuñoa, 7800002, Chile; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, Arica, 1775, Chile; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile; Centre for Energy Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Ultrasound-assisted wet-impregnation approach and cation-exchange hydrothermal method are employed effectively to develop the ternary nanocomposites NiS/ZnS/g-C3N4 (NZ-CN) with promising photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation activity. Several analytical techniques are utilized to characterize the as-synthesized NiS/ZnS/g-C3N4 nanocomposites to study their physical and chemical characteristics. The H2 production activity of the synthesized photocatalysts was tested using a 250 W halogen lamp with Na2S (0.25 M) and Na2SO3 (0.35 M) as sacrificial reagents. The optimized NZ-CN7.5% (3% NiS/ZnS/7.5% g-C3N4) catalyst displayed an exceptional H₂ generation rate of 8624 μmol h⁻1 g⁻1, exceeding both, pristine g-C3N4 (by 22.1 times) and 3% NiS/ZnS (by 3 times). This represents the highest reported rate of H₂ evolution for a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based ternary nanocomposite under simulated solar radiation. By reusing the used NZ-CN7.5% (3% NiS/ZnS/7.5% g-C3N4) photocatalyst in four consecutive runs, the stability of the catalyst was investigated, and their individual activity in the H2 production activity was assessed. This study provides valuable insights for designing efficient noble metal-free g–C3N4–based photocatalysts, which can significantly contribute to the transition to solar-driven hydrogen generation. Further, we proposed a plausible mechanism for the photocatalytic H2 generation process over the NiS/ZnS/g-C3N4 photocatalyst. © 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
الكلمات المفتاحية: Active sites Carrier transfer Co-catalysis Energy H<sub>2</sub> production NiS/ZnS/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85198267295

Fe3O4, Au nanoparticles influence on bio-nanofluid thermal conductivity

2025
ALI A.J.; EDDIN B.E.; AL-MUSAWI S.T.M.; MAJDI H.S.; CHAICHAN M.T.
Journal of Thermal Engineering , Vol. 11 (1), pp. 159-169
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21487847
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, 10066, Iraq; Technology and Methods of Nano Products Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 392036, Russian Federation; Department of Reconstruction and Projects, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Centre, University of Technology, 10066, Iraq
Hyperthermia therapy is one of the new technologies emerging from nanotechnology. This study examines the relationship between bio-nanofluid thermal conductivity and hematocrit differences. In the treatment of cancer, researchers have used several types of nanoparticles. The bio-nanofluid used in this study was created by adding two types of nanoparticles (Fe3O4 and Au) to blood for the first time. Based on the results, thermal conductivity was found to be significantly affected by the shape of nanoparticles, and the proposed thermal conductivity models agreed with the literature. According to the nanomaterial and the age and gender of the participants, as well as the nanoparticles’ shape, analysis of the study results is presented. For each group of men, women, and children, the effective thermal conductivity values of Plasma-Au nanoparticles and plasma-Fe3O4 nanoparticle fluids changed with the thickness of the interlayer. In comparison to iron nanoparticles (magnetite oxide Fe3O4), gold nanopar- ticles improved the thermal conductivity more. Nano-layer thickness increases with radius at the same time as thermal conductivity increases. A bio-nanofluid composed of plasma, nano-Fe3O4, or nano-Au was calculated by Yang's model. In addition, the thermal conduc- tivity of nano-biofluid, consisting of plasma nano-Fe3O4, nano-Au, and red blood cells, was calculated using the Maxwell model. As a result of varying hematocrit values, nano-biofluids improve at a different rate of thermal conductivity. Depending on the gender and age of the patient, the rate of improvement varies. Au nanoparticles (5 nm) increased the bio-nanofluid thermal conductivity for children by 0.623% and 0.306% more than that for men and women, respectively, at nano-layer thickness (t=1 nm). Using Fe3O4 NPs of 25 nm diameter, the chil- dren thermal conductivity of nano-biofluid increased by 0.58% and 0.268% higher than men and women, respectively, at nano-layer thickness (t= 5 nm). Copyright 2021, Yıldız Technical University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Bio-nanofluid Glioblastoma Hematocrit Hyperthermia Nanoparticles Thermal Conductivity
DOI Scopus
Yildiz Technical University | EID: 2-s2.0-85216983517

Thermal performance enhancement of a PCM-assisted cylindrical solar air heater with moisture traps for Barhi dates drying

2025
Mohammed S.A.; Alawee W.H.; Abdul-Zahra A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Fayad M.A.; Chaichan M.T.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 71
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Mustaqbal University Collage, Babelon, Hillah, Iraq; Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman
By turning sun radiation into thermal energy, solar drying is a sustainable method of removing moisture from materials. For many uses, it is an affordable and environmentally responsible choice. An experimental study was conducted to improve the efficiency of an indirect solar drier for drying dates. The Iraqi climate was used to test four distinct iterations of air-cooled solar collectors that were attached to the solar dryer. The first model is a conventional solar collector; the second is a horizontal cylindrical finned collector; and the third is a horizontal cylindrical finned collector that incorporates copper nanomaterial and phase change material (PCM). The fourth type is a horizontal cylindrical finned solar collector that has moisture traps at the collector intake and a PCM combined with copper nanomaterial (type 4). The experimental findings demonstrated a direct correlation between the solar collector's performance and the ambient air temperature, which in turn influences the drying process and the pace at which water evaporates from dates. Comparing model 2 to model 1, the solar air heater's overall efficiency was roughly 24 %. Compared to model 1, the efficiency of models 3 and 4 rose by 38 % and 54 %, respectively. In comparison to model 1, the exergy of models 2, 3, and 4 dropped by 9.5 %, 19.1 %, and 29 %, respectively. In comparison to model 1, the entropy generations for models 2, 3, and 4 were decreased by 10.99 %, 21.2 %, and 39.1 %, respectively. Additionally, compared to model 1, the irreversibility decreased by 9.05 %, 49.97 %, and 69.59 %, respectively. Models 1, 2, 3, and 4 had humidity levels of 29.5 %, 24.5 %, 19 %, and 13.5 % at 18:00, respectively. The suitability of solar dryer No. 4 for drying dates in Iraqi weather conditions has been effectively demonstrated by the practical testing. © 2025 The Authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Drying efficiency Energy Entropy generation Exergy Indirect-type solar dryers Irreversibility
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 106255 | EID: 2-s2.0-105006459227

Selective Harmonic Elimination in Reduced-Switch Multilevel Inverters for PV Systems Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm

2025
Baraa S.M.; Desa H.; Mohammed K.S.; Al-Malaisi T.A.; Hussain A.-S.T.; Majdi H.S.
Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) , Vol. 6 (1), pp. 385-395
4 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 27155056
Technical College of Engineering, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq; Centre of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems (COEUAS), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jalan Kangar-Alor Setar, Perlis, Kangar, 01000, Malaysia; Department of Medical Physics, Almanara College for Medical Sciences, Iraq; Renewable Energies Researches Unit, Northern Technical University, Iraq; Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
International Medium voltage and high-power systems use MLIs with low harmonic distortion voltage wave forms in medium voltage systems. Nevertheless, implementation of conventional MLI topologies appears to face various issues such as enhanced system complexity, costs, and conduction losses for specific switching frequencies as well as increased switching frequency leading to impractical solutions in RE systems. Based on the above analysis, this work introduces a three-phase, seven-level RS MLI topology applicable to photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed RS MLI has fewer switch devices than a typical topology to achieve cost optimizations without compromising the features of precise topologies. In an attempt to improve on the design of the RS MLI, the Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) method is implemented to minimize THD and switching losses. Iterative solutions can be delicate depending on the configuration of the SHE’s and more so for higher level configurations. Thus, for solving the problem the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), is developed to serve as the new optimization method. SSA is thus compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations with modulation indices of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0. It is established from the result that proposed strategic swarm approach (SSA) yields better accuracy, fast convergence speed and improves the THD of the system compared to GA and PSO. However, there is still the question of computational complexity, which seems to entail studying the RS MLI in different conditions as an open problem for future work. The innovation made by this work can help to enhance RS MLI designs to better feasible for use in renewable energy systems. © 2025 Department of Agribusiness, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Harmonic Optimization Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Reduced-Switch Multilevel Inverter Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA)
DOI Scopus
Department of Agribusiness, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta | EID: 2-s2.0-105001687261

Experimental Analysis of Fresnel Lens-Based Solar Desalination Systems with Copper Receivers for Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Performance

2025
Mahmood A.N.; Azmi S.A.B.; El-Khazali R.; Çiçek A.; Assi S.A.; Al-Naimi T.M.; Majdi H.S.; Bektaş E.; Radhi A.D.; Hussain A.-S.T.
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems , Vol. 5 (2), pp. 1191-1210
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 27752658
Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Arau, Malaysia; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey; Software Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq; Technical College of Engineering, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, PO Box 198, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Kirkuk, Iraq
Solar desalination represents a breakthrough technology for creating sustainable freshwater because it meets both the water quality standards and technology efficiency requirements of modern times. The current desalination methods, which depend on fossil fuels, encounter major obstacles regarding their energy requirements and economical performance. The research investigates the improvement of solar desalination performance through coupling Fresnel lens technology with copper-based receivers to maximize thermal characteristics and power generation benefits. This research successfully unites Fresnel lenses of high performance with copper receivers to reach increased steam temperatures alongside power production during the same procedure. The research team performed experimental tests using a system that included four large Fresnel lenses in Sharjah, UAE. Under different operating settings, the system demonstrated its performance by measuring its flow rates together with ambient temperatures and recording the steam output values. The experimental data showed that bigger Fresnel lenses boosted the steam temperature beyond 1000°C as well as pushing pressure levels to 8 bar, which led to remarkable system efficiency benefits. The copper receiver system generated 775 mA DC electric current, which collectively enhanced the system's power efficiency. The tested combination of Fresnel lenses and copper receivers demonstrates an effective way to enhance solar desalination systems, according to observed experimental data. The dual-function technology combines desalination efficiency improvement with electricity production capabilities to establish a sustainable freshwater production method for arid regions. This investigation creates a basis for developing economical renewable desalination systems going forward. © 2025, Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE). All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Copper Receivers Electricity Generation Fresnel Lenses High-Temperature Steam Solar Desalination Thermal Efficiency
DOI Scopus
Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE) | EID: 2-s2.0-105007866893

Storm water runoff studies in built-up watershed areas using curve number and remote sensing techniques

2025
Nilap A.R.; Rajakumara H.N.; Aldrees A.; Majdi H.S.; Khan W.A.
Discover Sustainability , Vol. 6 (1)
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 26629984
Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, 590018, India; Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Institute of Technology, Dire-Dawa University, Dire Dawa, 1362, Ethiopia
Within major city confines, floods are a major cause of worry and are mainly due to excessive urbanization encroaching on natural landscapes which would otherwise have served as areas of infiltration. The study combines the growth of urban landscape to estimate the maximum surface runoff and aimed to quantify this runoff generated and peak discharge for better urban management practices. These past five decades, the area experienced erratic expansion along with various changes in its land classification, resulting in several flood events in various parts. Runoff estimation was made using Curve Number method for the watershed. Annual rainfall deviation from mean saw an increase by 16% on an average in the past decade, with more than a 100% deviation from mean in 2017. Topographical maps generated to study the changes contributing to flood situations show a 90% increase in concretization over the past two decades and more than 50% reduction in the amount of natural vegetative cover in that same time period. Statistical analysis shows a good fit of the selected model for runoff estimation and well correlated variables. The model satisfactorily predicted runoff from the simulated data analysis with evaluation criteria NSE = 0.9945, MAE = 5.4121, r = 0.9975, R2 = 0.9949, RMSE = 6.8117 and PBias = 1.1436. The results revealed a steady increase in yearly runoff, due to topographical changes and increase in precipitation intensity over time. The study suggests intervention efforts be targeted spatially to ensure suitable flood-control structures and systems. © The Author(s) 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Curve number Floods Land use and land cover Surface runoff Urbanization
DOI Scopus
Springer Nature | Art. 26 | EID: 2-s2.0-85218052898

Novel Bi-SBA-15 derived rice husk for iodine adsorption from off-gas stream

2025
Al-Mamoori A.; Mohammed I.S.; Abdul Kader H.D.; Al-sadoon A.M.; Majdi H.S.
Results in Chemistry , Vol. 13
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22117156
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, 10072, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal Center for Energy Research, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Nuclear energy is considered a reliable renewable energy source although it releases some radioactive wastes that are not friendly to the environment. This necessitates the development of such eco-friendly, abundant, and efficient materials to control these radioactive wastes, thus rendering this sort of energy more sustainable. In this research, Bismuth-SBA-15 derived from rice husk waste material was synthesized and then evaluated for the adsorption of iodine (129I) that is disposed from nuclear waste off-gas stream. The optimum bismuth loading (20 wt. %Bi-SBA-15) exhibited as much as 3956 mg/g at 200 °C of iodine capture capacity which is 18.4-fold of the commercial silver-mordenite adsorbent material. This finding represents the highest value reported in the literature for bismuth-based adsorbent materials for gas phase adsorption. Three different temperatures (100, 150, and 200 °C) were performed for iodine capture and the material exhibited as high as 3291 and 3956 mg/g for 150, and 200 °C respectively which is close to the spent fuel waste temperature of ∼140 °C. The material durability was also tested under three consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles and attained 82 % of its initial cycle under iodine exposure for 18 h. The interaction of iodine with bismuth was in the form of the highly stable compound (BiOI) which is advantageous for further iodine immobilization process. The materials exhibited relatively stable iodine capture capability after three consecutive cycles. Further investigation was also performed to study the physiochemical characterization such as XRD, FT-IR, BET-PSD, SEM-EDX, TEM, XPS, and TA analysis. The current study suggests that Bismuth-SBA-15 derived from rice husk waste material could be a potential candidate for the adsorption of iodine (129I). © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Bismuth High-temperature Iodine Gas Adsorption Iodine capture Off-gas stream SBA-15 derived from rice husk adsorbent
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 101972 | EID: 2-s2.0-85212617067

Parametric Study of Heat Transfer in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger: Cooling of Engine Oil with Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixtures

2025
Hassan A.K.; Mohaisen H.S.; Mohammed K.S.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements , Vol. 13 (2), pp. 405-426
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20460546
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering Techniques of Power, Technical College of Engineering, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Department of Medical Physics, Almanara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, 57000, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This work analyzes how inlet tube velocities (2, 4, and 6 m/s) impact the water-ethylene glycol mixture’s flow behavior within the inlet tube in the engine oil heat exchanger cooling system in terms of temperature distribution, oil viscosity, pressure difference, and flow velocity distribution. From simulation findings, oil’s viscosity reduced from 0.021 Pa.s at 2 m/s flow velocity to 0.015 Pa.s at 6 m/s flow velocity, suggesting a direct relationship between the thermal and flow rate. Pressure drop rises with the inlet velocity increase, from 2 to 6 m/s, with values of 0.45 and 0.92 Pa. In the tube-end bending investigation, influences on the velocity profile for emulsion were observed. Depending on the velocity gradient in curved tubes at 2 and 1.2 m/s was the maximum velocity at the sharply curved wall, 2.3 m/s, and at the inner wall, 1.7 m/s. The gradient at 4 m/s was 1.6 m/s, whereas at 6 m/s the gradient was 3.0 m/s. Heat transfer coefficient increases with velocity, ranging from 500 W/m²·K at 2 m/s to 950 at 6 m/s. This shows remarkable enhancement in convective heat transfer resulting from increased turbulence. There is also significant fluctuation in the velocity inside the tubes, and while it increases, the velocity towards uniform flow distribution will improve heat transfer within the tubes. This change inside the tubes reduces uneven heat distribution and helps increase the flow rate, especially when temperature differences grow and the main fluid experiences strong heat transfer. Heat transfer rate rises from 15 kW at 2 m/s velocity to 35 kW at 6 m/s velocity, and efficiency increases to 70% due to increasing inlet velocity. Copyright: © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: computational fluid dynamics (CFD) inlet velocities oil viscosity shell and tube heat exchanger water-ethylene glycol mixture
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105013518490

Electrodes Type Effects on Welding of Copper to 304 Stainless Steel and Analysis of Heat Distribution, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties

2025
Alkhafaji M.M.; Mohammed M.S.; Amin S.A.; Habeeb L.J.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements , Vol. 13 (1), pp. 85-96
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20460546
Material Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Techniques Engineering, College of Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10017, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Shielded metal arc welding achieves copper to stainless steel joints using Cu-based and Fe-based electrodes. ANSYS and SOLIDWORKS models predicted the welding heat distribution and HAZ dimension for both welding electrodes. According to the heat distribution results, deformation and stress distribution for both models were calculated. ANSYS software was used to calculate the HAZ and fusion zone width for both sides and both electrodes; the results showed 1.9 mm on the stainless-steel side, 6.24 mm on the copper side for ECuSi, and 6.7 mm for the stainless-steel side, 7 mm for the copper side in E308 sample. The stress models illustrated higher stress on the stainless steel side for both the welding sample and in fixtures for both sides. The estimated deformation results were 0.40 and 0.48 mm for ECuSi and E308, respectively. Weld zone in Cu-based filled joint consists of uniform structure with Cu solid solution phase. Immiscible Cu and Fe mixture causes weld segregation in Fe base electrode joint. Weld zones containing a combination of phases in the Fe-based filled joints exhibit greater microhardness than the Cu-based joints. Cu-based joint achieves highest tensile value, reaching up to 80% copper tensile strength. Heat treatment causes reduction in dislocation density and increases grain size, resulting heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening on both joints copper side. This softening makes HAZ susceptible to fracture during tensile testing. Every joints fractures in ductile manner and plastic deformation is concentrated on softened copper side. Welding joint filled with Cu displays the most plastic deformation due to the significant displacement of both the welding zone and Cu base metal. This deformation primarily produced by weld high plasticity, which helps reduce stress concentration. Copyright: ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: copper matrix deformation dissimilar welding Fe globules intergranular stress stainless steel welding
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105004048986

Experimental Study of Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Copper Tube Using Three Types of Nanofluids

2025
Hussain Z.N.; Ali J.M.; Majdi H.S.; Sultan A.J.; Al-Naseri H.
Fluid Dynamics and Materials Processing , Vol. 21 (2), pp. 351-370
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 1555256X
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq
The use of nanofluids as heat transfer media represents an innovative strategy to enhance heat transfer performances. This study investigates experimentally the turbulent convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based nanofluids containing TiO2, CuO, and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) nanoparticles as they flow through a copper tube. Both the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of these nanofluids were modeled and experimentally measured across varying nanoparticle concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol.%) and temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). The findings indicate that the behavior of nanofluids depends on the parameter used for comparison with the base fluid. Notably, both the friction factor and heat transfer coefficient increase with higher nanoparticle volume concentrations at a constant Reynolds number. The results further reveal that the GNP/water nanofluid, with a volume concentration of 0.03% at 45°C, exhibit the highest Nusselt number, followed by the CuO/water and TiO2/water nanofluids, with respective increases of 17.8%, 11.09%, and 8.11%. Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press.
الكلمات المفتاحية: heat transfer coefficient heat transfer enhancement Nanofluid thermal conductivity
DOI Scopus
Tech Science Press | EID: 2-s2.0-86000312047

Comprehensive Investigations on Split Injection System Using Diesel/Biodiesel Blends Powered Common Rail Direct Injection Engine: Multi-Objective Optimization

2025
Saba G.; Paramasivam P.; Kandasamy T.; Swaghatha A.K.; Majdi H.S.; Alfaisal F.M.; Alam S.; Ayanie A.G.
Energy Science and Engineering , Vol. 13 (4), pp. 1662-1678
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20500505
Department of Automobile Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Srivilliputhur, India; Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India; Department of Automobile Engineering, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India; Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Srivilliputhur, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
A combined effect of injection pressure (IP) and split injection mechanism (SIM) on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a CRDI engine operated with diesel-lemongrass biodiesel (LGB20) blend was analyzed and optimized the IP from the experimental results using RSM and ANOVA. The CRDI engine was tested under SIM conditions at various injection pressures (IPs) of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 bar, with limitations observed concerning specific engine characteristics. The SIM is accomplished by splitting the injection into two phases during the compression stroke. It was noted that the engine characteristics were improved concerning IPs in SIM by minimizing the intensity of heterogeneity of the mixture. The CRDI engine with 600 bar pressure registered higher in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with lower specific fuel consumption (SFC) when compared to the engine operated with other IPs. It also registered lower exhaust pollutants except oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxides (CO2) due to better combustion at 600 bar pressure. The CRDI engine was operated efficiently at 64.61% load with 600 bar IP and recorded engine parameters as 29.94% of BTE, 0.373 kg/kWh of SFC, 0.64% of CO, 4.55% of CO2, 244 ppm of NOx, 37.2 ppm of HC, and 64.58 HSU of smoke emissions. This study concluded that 600 bar IP is the optimum for better engine characteristics of CRDI engines operated with LGB20 fuel. © 2025 The Author(s). Energy Science & Engineering published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CRDI engine emission reduction injection pressure lemongrass oil solvent extraction split injection transesterification
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-105002976603

Advances in the Application of Materials in the Fabrication of Lateral Flow Assay-Based Methods for Food Safety Control

2025
Abdullaev S.; Abomughaid M.M.; Elawady A.; Ibrahim S.M.; Abd Al Khidhir Abdullah S.; Khalid H.; Mohammed Ali Jeddoa Z.; Majdi H.; Jabir M.; Al-Rubaye A.H.; Kumar A.; Al-Anber M.A.; Jasim D.J.
Food Reviews International , Vol. 41 (8), pp. 2219-2242
3 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 87559129
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Scientific and Innovation Department, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Optical Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Mosul, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Applied Science, University of Technnology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan; Prince Faisal Center for Dead Sea, Environment and Energy Research, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) offer some attractive features that are utilized as portable devices in food safety control. However, these platforms have faced challenges such as low specificity, poor detection ability, providing only semi-quantitative and qualitative results, limiting their practical uses. These challenges may sometimes produce false positive or false negative results, leading to unreliability. To address these challenges, many research groups have focused on improving their analytical performances, incorporating multiplex detection, and applying new strategies for quantitative detection. This review article discusses the application of new materials in fabricating LFAs for food safety control. It also explores the influence of various detection techniques, including optical and electrochemical in fabricating sensing probes for food control. The technology gaps of the portable LFAs, including the creation of high-throughput light sources and detectors for optical and sensitive electrochemical substrates to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, were discussed. By considering the advantages and disadvantages, investors are interested in giving priority to the development of commercial LFA-based platforms for food safety control. © 2024 Taylor & Francis.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Advanced materials food analysis food control food safety lateral flow assay portable detection devices
DOI Scopus
Taylor and Francis Ltd. | EID: 2-s2.0-85197251766

Solar and Wind Energy Generation Systems with Pumped Hydro Energy Storage: City of Derna

2025
Elmnifi M.; Mansur A.N.; Almakhyoul Z.M.; Eleiwi M.A.; Aleksandrovna D.T.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Khaleel M.; Nassar Y.F.
Environmental Science and Engineering , pp. 209-226
3 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 18635520
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation; Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Al-Zueitina, Libya; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey; Mechanical and Renewable Energy Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Wadi Alshatti University, Brack, Libya
The main goal of this study is to address pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) technology integration with hydroelectric, solar, and wind sources. It makes an analysis of the costs and the environmental impact of PHES as well as its opportunities. This paper is meant to prevent flooding in the city of Derna and to leverage the solar and wind generators that have become increasingly popular. The model under consideration is a 30, 25, and 40 MW capacity for hydroelectric, solar, and wind power generation, respectively. Through the use of the MATLAB program for simulations, the work provides the underpinning of the success and practicality of this unified station. The results will demonstrate the numerical dimensions of the model. They will also show how PHES is not only cost-effective and environmentally friendly but also a sustainable solution. This paper offers up innovative ideas on the combination of numerous renewable energy sources and the possibility for massive energy storage. This provides policymakers, the research and industry professionals with valuable information on the way forward for sustainable energy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Energy storage Hydroelectric energy Off-river hydro pumping Solar photovoltaic Wind energy
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-105009235551

A low-fouling electrochemical immunosensor based on reduced graphene oxide and terbium@amine-functionalized fibrous silica-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for ratiometric detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum samples

2025
Majeed A.A.; Gataa I.S.; Alaridhee Z.A.I.; Alqaraguly M.B.; Ibrahim S.K.; Formanova S.; Abbas Al-Anbari H.H.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Zaki Fareed Y.Y.; Kariem M.; Abomughaid M.M.
Microchemical Journal , Vol. 210
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 0026265X
Department of Phathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq; Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; Medical Laboratories Techniques, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Health and Medical Techniques College, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq; Department of Chemistry and Its Teaching Methods, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al bayt University, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, Uruk University, Bagdad, Iraq; Department of medical analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of medical analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
The application of the classic electrochemical system for the fabrication of biosensor probes is challenging due to the requirement for bulky electrodes which limits practical use in clinical settings. Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) offer a cost-effective solution to this issue, enhancing the sensitivity of the developed probes. A SPCE-based dual signal amplification electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for the quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-COOH) and terbium@amine-functionalized fibrous silica (Tb@FNS-NH2) for the electrode surface modification. Remarkably, the Tb@FNS-NH2/β-CD-COOH/rGO composite provides numerous active sites, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity, attributing to abundant carboxylic groups in the β-CD-COOH thin layer and the vacant orbitals of Tb on the surface of Tb@FNS-NH2, which facilitate the grafting more CEA antibodies. The combination of rGO and Tb@FNS-NH2 accelerates electron transfer for enhanced dual signal amplification. The developed SPCE immunosensor displayed a wide dynamic range of 10 fg/mL to 1.0 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.0 fg/mL in serum samples. The accuracy of the developed probe was evaluated using a commercial method, yielding a mean relative error (ER%) of 5.5 %. The presence of two antifouling layers i.e. rGO aerogel and β-CD-COOH enhanced the sensing performance of the developed probe. Furthermore, the immunosensor was utilized to quantify CEA levels in the patient's serum samples with a relative standard deviation (RSD%) of 3.7 %. The obtained satisfying results reveal the favorable application of this CEA immunosensor for routine sample analysis in the clinical setting. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Carcinoembryonic antigen Immunosensor Reduced graphene oxide Screen-printed carbon electrodes Serum samples Terbium@amine-functionalized fibrous silica
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Inc. | Art. 112928 | EID: 2-s2.0-85216788941

Response Surface Methodology Investigation of the Viscosity of Propylene Glycol (100)/Graphene Nanofluid to Determine the Optimal Conditions

2025
Surakasi R.; Mohammed S.J.; Majdi H.S.; Majdi A.; Berwal P.; Khan M.A.; Khan W.A.
Engineering Reports , Vol. 7 (1)
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25778196
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, India; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Buildings and Construction Techniques Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotia College of Engineering, Greater Noida, India; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Technology, Dire-Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
This work adopted response surface methodology (RSM) to analyze the behavior of a nanofluid based on propylene glycol. The laboratory conditions in this investigation involve a temperature range of 40°C–120°C and a weight percentage that varies from 0% to 0.5%. Initially viscosity was predicted using Redwood viscometer using the nanofluid solutions. To find the most accurate predictive model and generate an ideal solution, RSM was used. The current study was inspired by the lack of consistency among laboratory behavior and real-world applications and the statistical-mathematical analysis of modelers' performance, contrast, and motivations. Two-factor interaction (2FI), quadratic, cubic, and quartic models are only a few tested. Investigating and evaluating the different statistical features of these modeling functions is a new contribution to the field. The quartic model represents the characteristics of nanofluids with double the accuracy of other models, as shown by statistical analysis. The R2 coefficient, the coefficient of variation (CV%), and the p-value are compared as metrics for assessing the models. The indexes for the quartic model are 0.9940, 3.53%, and 0.0001, in that order. Nanofluids should have a viscosity of 0.335 m2/s at 120°C along with a weight percentage of 0.5%. © 2024 The Author(s). Engineering Reports published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: coefficient of variation (CV%) mathematical models R<sup>2</sup> coefficient response surface methodology viscosity
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Inc | Art. e13032 | EID: 2-s2.0-85208784903

Investigation of spin polarized semiconductor Cs2XMoBr6 (X = Li, Na) compounds for spintronic and optoelectronic applications

2025
Bani-Fwaz M.Z.; Sajid M.; Jabir M.S.; Zankanah F.H.; Urooj M.; Majdi H.; Hasanin T.H.A.; Alharthi S.; Amin M.A.; Almutairi F.M.; Alawaideh Y.M.; Abbas J.; Saleem S.; Nazar M.
Physica B: Condensed Matter , Vol. 696
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09214526
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong province, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Sciences/ University of Technology, Iraq; College of Health & Medical Technology, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
This study has applied the density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the structural, magnetoelectronic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of Cs2XMoBr6 (X = Li, Na). The magnetic stability of studied compounds is examined by minimizing their total ground state energies. Also, both compounds exhibit cubic stability by tolerance factor as well as negative enthalpy of formation. The analysis of spin-dependent electronic properties reveals the semiconductor nature of mentioned materials in both spin-up/dn versions. The computed Eg of 0.90/1.99 eV in spin-up/dn sections for Cs2NaMoBr6 while Cs2LiMoBr6 reveals Eg of 1.99/1.21 eV in spin-up/dn version. The optical properties show that incident light is optimally absorbed in visible to ultraviolet areas, indicating their potential use in UV-based photo sensors and other photovoltaic gadgets. The Mo-atom primarily participate to the total magnetic moment (μB(Tot)) for Cs2XMoBr6. Further, the material's high figure of merit (ZT) > 0.7 within the 300–800 K temperature range for Cs2XMoBr6 indicate its high efficiency in thermoelectric (TE) applications. Semiconducting electronic bands with highly asymmetric spin polarization as well as greater TE efficiency, Cs2XMoBr6 materials are appropriate for uses in spintronics and energy harvesting. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: First principles study Halide double perovskites Optoelectronic Semiconductors Thermoelectric
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 416632 | EID: 2-s2.0-85207082876

A Low-Fouling Electrochemical Immunosensor Based On Metal–Organic Framework and Ternary Metal Oxide Nanomaterials Using Dual Signal Amplification Strategy for Sensitive Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Patient Samples

2025
Obaid A.Y.; Alaridhee Z.A.I.; Hjazi A.; Juraev N.; Maashi M.S.; Zankanah F.H.; Al-Rubaye A.H.; Hussam A.S.; Abomughaid M.M.; Majdi H.; Jabir M.
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry , Vol. 72 (5), pp. 1428-1439
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 08854513
Engineering Affairs, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Scientific and Innovation Department, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Regenerative Medicine Unit at King Fahd Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; College of Health & Medical Technology, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Department of Dental Technology, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
A label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF8)/bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanocomposite was fabricated for the specific and sensitive quantification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The ZIF8-BFO material not only increases the surface area effectively but also enhances the catalytic capability of the electrode through a dual amplification strategy, leading to the improved sensitivity of the probe for PSA recognition. A thin layer of l-cysteine was used for two reasons: providing a scaffold for the next functionalization and reducing the fouling of plasma ingredients on the surface of the probe. The mechanical and spectroscopic properties of the produced nanomaterials were characterized using different techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS)/Zeta analyzer. The electroanalytical properties of the probe were studied using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The signal of the probe decreased proportionally with increasing PSA concentration in the 100.0 pg/mL–15.0 ng/mL range, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 85 pg/mL. The proposed platform has been successfully employed to measure PSA levels in human serum samples with acceptable accuracy. The capability of the probe was evaluated in detecting PSA in patient's serum samples, with results compared to those obtained from the gold standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results suggested that the ZIF8-BFO material-based probe could be used as a promising method for detecting PSA and tracing therapy progression in clinics. © 2025 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
الكلمات المفتاحية: electrochemical immunosensor label-free patient samples prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ternary metal oxide nanomaterials zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Inc | EID: 2-s2.0-105000647494

Effect of Tube Arrangements on Water Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

2025
Hassan A.K.; Aldabbagh M.M.; Mohammed K.S.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 43 (2), pp. 603-617
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Power Mechanics Technology Department, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, 36001, Iraq; Department of Medical Physics, Almanara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, 62001, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This work uses ANSYS Fluent to establish arrangement tube effects (inline, triangular, and staggered) on heat exchangers' thermal and fluid dynamics. Further, the study considered heat transfer enhancement category, outlet temperature, and pressure drop over these configurations. The results reveal that the triangular flow configuration offered the best heat transfer efficiency rating of 49.2%, which is credited to turbulence and mixing promotion. Nevertheless, this configuration also illustrates the highest pressure drop, which raises energy consumption. Inline configuration showed relatively high efficiency (45.6%) using the smallest pressure drop and would be suitable for less energy-intensive processes. Staggered arrangement was least efficient and had 42.4% efficiency because of flow inefficiencies and cold fluid circulation with balanced pressure drop. Mesh independence tests further affirmed simulations credibility; for inline and staggered meshes, a size of 0.01 m was established as accurate; the same applied to triangular meshes with a 0.008 m size. Temperature at the model's outlets was 288.6 K, 287.7 K, and 289.4 K in inline, triangular, and staggered arrangements. Triangular configuration gave the lowest outlet temperature in comparison with other orientations and therefore showed the best cooling characteristics, while the staggered one had the worst characteristics owing to the localized heating effect. This work presents a detailed assessment of tube arrangement types, which will be useful in developing new heat exchangers with enhanced thermal efficiency. Triangular configuration is most suitable for high heat transfer rates, while inline arrangement is suitable for low-pressure drop rates. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: heat exchanger efficiency mesh independence test pressure drop analysis thermal performance optimization tube arrangements
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105006788876

Iron Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Enantioselective Electro-Organic Carboxylation of Styrenes with CO2 Using Graphene Oxide Modified with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe in the Presence of Deep Eutectic Electrolyte and Solvent

2025
Zen A.A.; Jabir M.S.; Alaridhee Z.A.I.; Jameel R.K.; Mahdi M.S.; Mansoor A.S.; Radi U.K.; Idan A.H.; Bahair H.; Berdimurodov E.; Majdi H.; Almehizia A.A.
Catalysis Surveys from Asia , Vol. 29 (1), pp. 37-57
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15711013
Chemistry and Forensics Department, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, Ng11 8NS, United Kingdom; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, Alnoor University, Mosul, Iraq; College of MLT Ahl, Al Bayt University, Karbala, Iraq; Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq; Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq; Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq; Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent, 100007, Uzbekistan; Physics and Chemistry, Western Caspian University, Baku, 1001, Azerbaijan; Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, Uzbekistan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
This study explores the use of graphene oxide (GO) modified with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe as an efficient and selective catalyst. The modification of GO with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe provides a robust platform for the synthesis of (S)-2-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives 4(a–l), facilitated by the presence of choline chloride ethylene glycol (ChCl/EGC) as the electrolyte in good to excellent yields (89–97%). The experimental results demonstrate that this catalytic system not only enhances the enantioselectivity of the carboxylation process but also improves the overall yield and efficiency. This method presents a promising approach for the production of valuable enantioenriched carboxylic acids, contributing to the development of green and sustainable catalytic processes in organic synthesis. The synthesized GO-PyrCO-cyclo@Fe electrode was examined utilizing various analytical methods, including FT-IR, CV, SEM, EDS, BET, TGA, and XPS The synthesized (S)-2-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives 4(a–l) were identified and characterized through melting point determination, FT-IR, 1HNMR, and CHN analyses. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Deep eutectic electrolyte Electro-organic carboxylation Enantioselective synthesis Graphene oxide Nanoparticle-catalyzed
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 132822 | EID: 2-s2.0-85208815248

Characteristics of Photon–Plasmon Coupling in Uniaxial Chiral Filled Slab Waveguide Bounded by Graphene Layers

2025
Mahal A.; Abdulghani H.H.; Khamis R.A.; Asiri Y.M.; Amin M.A.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Almutairi F.M.; Ashour A.; Shaban M.; Laiba
Plasmonics , Vol. 20 (3), pp. 1473-1480
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15571955
Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Sciences, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt; Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
In this manuscript, characteristics of photon–plasmon coupling in uniaxial chiral-filled slab waveguide bounded by graphene layers are analyzed. We have explored some novel features of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) owing to the interaction between uniaxial chiral and graphene layers. The influence of graphene’s features and chirality on the SPPs behavior are examined. The tunability of proposed waveguide structure is shown to study the effect of chirality, chemical potential, relaxation time, and separation distance between the plates on the normalized propagation constant versus operating frequency. Furthermore, the influence of chemical potential and separation distance between graphene layers on attenuation are also analyzed. This integration of graphene layers provides an extra degree of freedom to the fabricate graphene-based nanophotonic devices in the optics sector. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-105001565955

Utilizing a Deformation/Aggregation-Based Approach for Determination of Selenium Using Plasmonic Silver Nanoparticles

2025
Ali A.; Abdulameer M.K.; Mahdi M.H.; Rasool K.H.; Jabir M.S.; Zankanah F.H.; Majdi H.; Mansoor A.S.; Radi U.K.; Wahab R.; Guo L.
Plasmonics , Vol. 20 (5), pp. 2797-2805
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15571955
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Department of Radiology Techniques, Health and Medical Techniques College, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Health & Medical Technology, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq; Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia
In the present study, a simple and low-cost spectrophotometric method was reported for the quantification of selenium. The method was based on the surface manipulation of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles by selenium in ammonia-ammonium nitrate buffer solution (pH = 9). Citric acid on the surface of nanoparticles could reduce selenium ions to Se0 atoms which can react with the silver atoms to form Ag2Se surrounding silver particles. This process resulted in the deformation and aggregation of nanoparticles which can be detected by a decrease in response intensity. The effect of important experimental parameters such as pH, buffer type and concentration, volume of silver nanoparticle solution, and incubation time on analytical response were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear in a concentration range of 0.05 to 0.8 µmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.024 µmol L −1. The method was successfully used for the selenium analysis in Selen plus ACE capsule, selenium sulfide shampoo, and walnuts with satisfactory results. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Analytical chemistry Colorimetry Deformation/aggregation-based method Selenium Silver nanoparticles
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-85202608146

Generation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) at Chiroplasma-Metal Interface

2025
Bousbih R.; Soliman M.S.; Jafar N.N.A.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Alshomrany A.S.; Hadia N.M.A.; Shaban M.; El-Badry Y.A.; Iftikhar M.
Plasmonics , Vol. 20 (2), pp. 863-868
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 15571955
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences/University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca, 24381, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Khurma, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, University of Education, Vehari, Pakistan
In this manuscript, numerical investigations at the chiroplasma-metal planar interface have been performed to explore some features of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Based on the electromagnetic wave theory, we derive a dispersion relation. The effect of tensorial permittivity parameters on effective mode index and propagation loss is analyzed in detail. Numerical results show that chiroplasma parameters, i.e., chirality, cyclotron frequency, and plasma frequency, have a significant impact on effective mode index and propagation loss in the THz frequency spectrum. The presented results of chiroplasma-metal SPPs provide new possibilities to fabricate compact nanophotonic devices in the THz frequency regime. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Chiroplasma Dispersion relation Metal Plasmon Polaritons
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 168678 | EID: 2-s2.0-105001084237

Numerical Study About the Effect of Circular Pin Configuration in Heat Sink on Heat Transfer

2025
Khalifah M.A.; Bunyan S.T.; Alderoubi N.; Nadhim A.A.; Kassim M.S.; Sultan Aljibori H.S.; Majdi H.S.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 12 (1), pp. 55-63
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Lincoln Campus, Southeast Community College, Lincoln, 68521, United States; College of Technical Engineering, A1-Farahidi University, Bagdad, 10001, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The main purpose of this research is to examine the effect of various circular pin arrangements in heat sinks’ thermal behavior. The various pin shapes include circular pins, circular pins with circumferential grooves, circular pins with hollow, perforated circular pins, and slit circular pins with the performance of the heat dissipating examined. The study uses quantitative techniques of data analysis. The numerical simulations are made with the help of ANSYS Fluent that uses the standard k-ε turbulence model. These simulations are done in 3-D to account for the flow of heat and fluids as they occur in real life. Reynolds numbers and heat fluxes are properly chosen and explained to achieve applicability in real life conditions. From the results, it can be seen that the heat transfer performance of the heat sinks is highly dependent on different arrangements of the pin. There is also a comparison of different kinds of pins and their thermal performance – it is stated that perforated and slit circular pins deliver higher performance than simple circular pins. Comparisons of the various configurations are made from the viewpoint of heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and pressure drop. In the case of forced convection, five different forms of a pin fin heat sink have been examined with Re varying from 10714.3 to 432142.86 and heat fluxes ranging from 3000 W/m2 to 23000 W/m2. It can therefore be ascertained that with the right modification to the pin configurations significant enhancement can be achieved in heat sinks thermal efficiency. The results that are given by this study can be used to inform the design of improved cooling systems in electronic devices. Future work should include additional experiments and the investigation of other geometrical changes for heat sink improvement. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD numerical simulation pin fin thermal performance
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85216883409

Experimental and Numerical Investigating of Heat Input Effects in Gas Metal Arc Welding and Shielded Metal Arc Welding: A Detailed Comparison of Welded Alloy Steel Properties

2025
Amin S.A.; Marhoon I.I.; Kattab D.A.A.N.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 12 (7), pp. 2351-2361
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Engineering of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Techniques, College of Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Production Engineering and Metallurgy Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
In this research, authors compare alloy steel microstructure and mechanical properties when welded using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) processes. The welds were assessed through experimental testing and finite element modeling (FEM) simulation. The experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the microstructure of welded specimens, hardness and tensile strength and on the other hand, while FEM analysis was used to investigate the heat distribution and stress concentration of the welded samples. The outcomes revealed that the indicated approaches result in different changes of weld quality. The higher energy input of GMAW resulted in a larger heat affected zone (HAZ) size and consequently, a more significant decrease in tensile strength compared to that of SMAW. However, the heat affected zone in SMAW was much more homogeneous and exhibited smaller fluctuations in mechanical properties in the weld. Computational modeling was performed to complement these results. It revealed the effects of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welds produced. These findings help define the comparison of GMAW with SMAW according to the heat input and weld quality. The study focuses on the accessibility and critically on the determination of the right type of welding technique for a given application by comparing the weld strength and heat distribution for optimum weld performance in industrial uses. Copyright: © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: ANSYS gas metal arc welding (GMAW) heat affected zone low alloy steel shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) tensile fracture welding input heat
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105014651760

Optimizing Magnetorheological and Performance of Vehicles Suspension (MR) Damper, the Role of Ferromagnetic Particle Diameter

2025
Hameed R.M.; Kareem A.H.; Marhoon I.I.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 58 (6), pp. 1245-1256
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Tikrit Education Department, General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq; Mechanical Techniques Department, Southern Technical University, Basra, 62001, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
The effect of the diameter of ferromagnetic particles on the performance of MR dampers used in automobiles is analyzed in this study. A magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is used in the MR damper that means its resistance increases as a magnetic field produced by an electric current advance in the coil. It is evident from the experiments that ferromagnetic particles added to the MRF greatly reduce the vertical shift of the piston. When electricity from the wire is introduced, the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the piston drop. This means the magnetic field increases the fluid’s viscosity and, therefore, better helps the vibration damping. Besides, particle size was changed from 250 µm to 125 µm, showing that a smaller particle helped the damper function better. Lower particle sizes increased the fluid’s thickness, making the piston work against resistance and reducing its speed. As the size of the particles went from 175 µm to 125 µm, the Ride Comfort Level (RCL) improved by a large amount, falling from 114.2 dB down to 106.23 dB. Results of this study indicate that tiny ferromagnetic particles in the MR fluid yield better damping, better vibration damping, better ride comfort and improved suspension function. According to the data, the particle size is essential for maintaining the right balance between noise suppression and a convenient ride for those inside the car. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: electromagnetic coil magnetization area magnetorheological fluid permanent magnetic Ride Comfort Level
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105012113487

Optimization of Different Materials for Drone Blades Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2025
Mustafa M.A.S.; Mohammed K.S.; Abbood H.H.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research , Vol. 15 (4), pp. 25836-25843
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22414487
Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Physics, Al Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
This research utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling to identify suitable materials for drone blades that present the best potential solutions. The primary objectives are the utilization of minimal resources and the implementation of lightweight construction methodologies to achieve optimal aerodynamic results. A distinct materials design strategy is employed in the blade's composition, with each component optimized for peak efficiency and performance. The modern aerial platform DJI Phantom 3 Pro was selected as the test platform due to its excellent capabilities and user-friendly interface. The original model of the DJI Mini 3 Pro drone was modified by printing its blades using an Anycubic printer that had 4K resolution and resin materials. An experimental procedure was designed to measure drone speed and maximum flight elevation after changing these newly designed blades The choice of blade material significantly influenced flight performance. The speed of drone flight is 34.9 km/h when using XMODEL15 blades, 18.4 km/h with Industrial ABS, and 15.3 km/h with ABS-Like blades. CFD simulations predicted a maximum air velocity of 3.716 m/s around the blades. Additionally, the XMODEL15 blades demonstrated the highest durability, enduring up to 118,750 cycles, whereas Industrial ABS achieved 90,655 cycles and ABS-Like achieved 70,384 cycles. These results confirm XMODEL15 as a superior material in terms of both aerodynamic performance and structural durability. © 2025, Dr D. Pylarinos. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: -different materials 3D printing CFD DJI Phantom 3 Pro drone blade
DOI Scopus
Dr D. Pylarinos | EID: 2-s2.0-105013121888

Numerical simulation on magnetohydrodynamics convection in annulus inclined elliptical enclosure

2025
Abdulkadhim A.; Al-Shati A.S.; Hamza N.H.; Abdulsada M.; Abed A.M.; Majdi H.S.
Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering , Vol. 23 (3), pp. 509-526
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 14484846
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, Iraq; Oil Pipelines Company, Ministry of Oil, Daura, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Power Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon Province, Hillah, Iraq
The present work numerically demonstrates the uniform magnetohydrodynamics Newtonian, laminar natural convection in elliptical cold enclosure with inner hot circular body considering the influence of its vertical movement on the fluid flow and heat transfer. The gap area between the elliptical enclosure and the inner body had been filled by the Al2O3-water nanofluid in the upper layer, whereas lower layer has been filled by the porous medium that has been saturated by an identical nanofluid. The local thermal equilibrium model had been implemented to model the nanofluid and porous media. Additionally, Darcy–Brinkman model considered in the representation of the porous media. The three governing equations of heat and fluid flow like energy and momentum of fluid, in addition to the continuity equation, had been solved numerically utilising finite element formulation. The parameters under investigation are the Rayleigh number value (Formula presented.), Darcy number (Formula presented.), and Hartmann number (Formula presented.). Additionally, two geometrical parameters had been selected, which are the three different locations of inner cylinder (top, middle, bottom), as well as the four different values of the enclosure’s orientation angle (Formula presented.). The results have been presented to reflect the influence of the abovementioned parameters on isotherms and streamlines, besides Nusselt’s number. It has been proved that to improve the heat transfer rate, it is better to locate inner body in bottom region. The Nusselt number increases by 17.44% when it is moved from the top to the bottom. Additionally, the Nusselt number along the elliptical enclosure attached to the nanofluid layer when rotating the elliptical body from (Formula presented.) into (Formula presented.) leads to lower the Nusselt number by 32.3372%. This result is exactly inverse considering Nusselt number along nanofluid–porous layer which proved that increasing the orientation angle from (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.) contributed to enhancing Nusselt number by 24.7009%. © 2024 Engineers Australia.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Enclosure inner body MHD nanofluid orientation angle porous medium
DOI Scopus
Taylor and Francis Ltd. | EID: 2-s2.0-85195974671

A Design Study on the Use of the Archimedes Windmill for Energy Recovery in Cooling Systems

2025
Al-Nabi Abaas A.A.; Al-Zuhairy R.C.; Jassim L.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 43 (3), pp. 1006-1018
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Government Contracts Division, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
A complete study on the design and performance assessment of Archimedes Windmills as integrated components for HVAC cooling systems in energy recovery applications appears in this paper. Performance analysis of three blade configurations using computational fluid dynamics simulations demonstrated the best aerodynamic results when operating at rotor speeds between 60–180 RPM with 3 blades. The 3-blade setup at 120 RPM reached top performance standards with 1.82 Nm torque generation and 35.2 W power delivery. The tested design reached a power coefficient (Cp) level of 0.42 surpassing standard Savoniustype turbines by approximately 28 to 40 percent under identical circumstances. Exams showed that turbine blades boosted torque performance while generating more drag that decreased efficiency when speeds rose. The output power became unstable when the turbine operated with fewer blades but achieved higher rotational speeds. A proper design will combine blade configurations to achieve top efficiency while maintaining stable power outputs. Steel firm evidence shows that the Archimedes Windmill provides efficient and space-saving energy retrieval capabilities for HVAC systems. The research data will function as valuable reference information when designing sustainable building infrastructure for future implementation. Additional study is needed to develop the operational stability of the system while conducting experiments and evaluating cost efficiency for large-scale commercial adoption. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Archimedes Windmill computational fluid dynamics (CFD) cooling systems energy recovery helical wind turbine
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105014594300

Utilization of marigold-derived bio-adsorbents for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution

2025
Waghmare C.; Ansari K.; Algburi S.; Warade H.; Majdi H.S.; Mohammed S.J.; Abdulhadi A.M.; Kumar A.
International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development , Vol. 16 (1), pp. 46-57
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2093761X
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, 441110, India; Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, 36015, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Al-Safwa University College, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India
The study investigates the effectiveness of activated carbon derived from acid-treated marigold flowers to expunge methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye from an aqueous solution. Through batch experiments, a removal rate of over 90% was achieved under specific conditions, notably at a pH of 4.0 with 0.25 g per 100 mL of an adsorbent dosage and an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L. The adsorption analysis aligned well with the Langmuir isotherm, indicating a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.02 mg/g, suggesting monolayer adsorption on a homogenous surface. Additionally, the kinetic data fit a pseudo-second-order model with a high correlation (R² = 0.99). This implies that the adsorption process is likely chemisorption, involving an electron-sharing or exchange mechanism between the adsorbate and adsorbent. These findings highlight the prospect of using marigold-derived activated carbon as a sustainable bio-absorbent for dye removal in wastewater treatment applications. © 2025 International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development.
الكلمات المفتاحية: activated carbon adsorption modeling dye removal equilibrium isotherm models kinetic models marigold flower methylene blue dye
DOI Scopus
Sustainable Building Research Center | EID: 2-s2.0-105001948884

Optimized Selective Harmonic Elimination in CHB-MLI Using Red-Tailed Hawk Algorithm for Unequal DC Sources

2025
Yahia E.H.; Hamad H.S.; Ahmed S.A.; Almalaisi T.A.; Majdi H.S.; Ahmed O.K.; Solke N.; Sekhar R.
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems , Vol. 5 (2), pp. 830-845
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 27752658
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Anbar, Iraq; Technical College of Engineering, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Kirkuk, Iraq; Renewable Energies Researches Unit, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT) Pune Campus, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
The study develops an optimized SHE procedure to regulate a CHB-MLI powered by PV modules which use unequal DC sources. The main goal involves finding suitable switching angles that produce minimal low-order harmonics during steady output voltage operation under variable input scenarios. The Red-Tailed Hawk Algorithm (RTHA) serves as a recent bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization method to solve effectively the nonlinear transcendental SHE equations. The MATLAB/Simulink environment implements a validation of the proposed method by modeling a three-phase 7-level CHB-MLI system. A performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm occurs against established optimization methods consisting of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Total Harmonic Distortion reduction, computational efficiency and convergence rate serve as the three main performance indicators for evaluation. The experimental findings show RTHA accomplishes higher harmonic reduction while offering improved speed and stability when dealing with unequal DC voltage issues when contrasted against traditional optimization methods. RTHA operates better than analytical approaches in real-world inverter applications through its flexible and adaptable approach despite needing complex calculations and preset conditions. The scale-up of RTHA applications requires additional research because excessive computational requirements and initial value dependencies must be addressed. The research shows that RTHA-based SHE optimization represents a viable and implementable solution for power quality advancement in renewable energy systems. © 2025, Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE). All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI) Red-Tailed Hawk Algorithm (RTHA) Renewable Energy Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
DOI Scopus
Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE) | EID: 2-s2.0-105007898792

Impact of geometric variables on the functionality of downdraft biomass gasifiers across diverse dimensions

2025
Naaz Z.; Vibhanshu V.; Shahid M.; Majdi H.S.; Alsabhan A.H.; Alam S.
Biofuels , Vol. 16 (3), pp. 221-228
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 17597269
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Department of Electrical Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
This study offers an extensive examination of the fundamental design parameters that influence the performance of biomass downdraft gasifiers. The impact of design parameters such as reactor dimensions, throat diameter, length of converging and diverging section and ratio of maximum to minimum diameter (dmax/dmin) were analysed using FORTRAN code, which was initially developed for 4 kW Imbert gasifier. Simulation results highlight that the optimal range of hearth loads for gasifier operation is influenced by both the gasifier’s size and the particle size of the feedstock. Increasing gasifier size from 20 mm to 100 mm throat diameter, while maintaining the same superficial air velocity (SAV), escalates hearth load and superficial velocity due to heightened biomass consumption, leading to higher hearth temperature and improved gas calorific value. Similar trends are observed across varying SAV values (0.35 m/s to 1.8 m/s), suggesting a need for lower SAV values in larger gasifiers, possibly with larger particle sizes. Additionally, altering the length of the converging and diverging sections impacts gas quality, with deviations from recommended values affecting ignition and overall performance, while dmax/dmin variations show no significant impact. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
الكلمات المفتاحية: air to biomass ratio cold gasification efficiency hearth load superficial velocity Throat diameter
DOI Scopus
Taylor and Francis Ltd. | EID: 2-s2.0-86000381732

Towards Alleviating Poverty: Study The Impact of E-Commerce, Digital Marketing, and Digitalization’s on Improving Economic Growth in Iraq

2025
Shakir A.H.; Kadhim K.G.; Majeed A.H.; Majdi H.; Murshedi H.J.K.
AgBioForum , Vol. 27 (1), pp. 49-57
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 1522936X
Universitare de Doctorat din ASE Bucureşti, Romania; College of Administrative Sciences, Business Administration Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; University of Kufa, Iraq
With the increasing growth in numerous aspects of human life and activities, technology is becoming an unavoidable part of everyday life. It has become apparent that without the use of technology much can be lost in terms of productivity. E-commerce has enabled consumers to greatly reduce their physical efforts in dealing with businesses which translates to high level of convenience. In this study, the how e-commerce has changed the business landscape in Iraq will be assessed alongside digitaliztation and Iraq’s economic growth. The research shows like always that there is a very positive relation between the e- commerce adoption e- marketing tools along other factors, the business growth in doing so facilitates economic growth undoubtedly. Further adopters of e-commerce are found to do business with greater contentment and satisfaction as they have lower costs on conducting business. In turns resulting in even greater business expansion goals and objectives. E-commerce along with growing digital marketing tools allows for business expansion while greatly saving time and many physical resources. The outcome of the study provides an impetus for policy formulation and its practical contribution to the study of digital economy concerning the deployment of key resource such as internet. © (2025), (University of Missouri). All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Digital Marketing Digitalization’s E-Commerce Economic Growth Poverty Alleviating
Scopus
University of Missouri | EID: 2-s2.0-105009293093

The Impact of E-Commerce, Digital Marketing, and Digitalization on Firm’s Growth in Iraq

2025
Shakir A.H.; Kadhim K.G.; Majeed A.H.; Majdi H.; Murshedi H.J.K.
AgBioForum , Vol. 26 (3), pp. 74-82
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 1522936X
Universitare de Doctorat din ASE Bucureşti, Romania; Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University Technical Administrative College, Kufa Under the patronage of the President of Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq; College of Administrative Sciences, Business Administration Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; University of Kufa, Iraq
With the increasing growth in numerous aspects of human life and activities, technology is becoming an unavoidable part of everyday life. It has become apparent that much can be lost in terms of productivity without technology. E-commerce has enabled consumers to greatly reduce their physical efforts in dealing with businesses, which translates to high convenience. This study assesses how e-commerce, digital marketing, and digitization have changed the business landscape in Iraq alongside digitalization and firm growth in Iraq. Furthermore, e-commerce adopters are found to do business with greater contentment and satisfaction as they have lower costs. This, in turn, results in even greater business expansion goals and objectives. E-commerce and growing digital marketing tools allow business expansion while greatly saving time and many physical resources. The study's outcome provides an impetus for policy formulation and its practical contribution to the study of the digital economy concerning the deployment of key resources such as internet infrastructure in developing economies like Iraq. © 2024 AgBioForum
الكلمات المفتاحية: Digital Marketing Digitalization E-Commerce Economic Growth Poverty Alleviating
Scopus
University of Missouri | EID: 2-s2.0-105007683221

Design and development of green electrode using graphene oxide modified with L-hypip coated with iron NPs for enantioselective electro-organic cyanation in the presence of NaCl electrolyte

2025
Zen A.A.; Al-Sabti M.D.; Alaridhee Z.A.I.; Alqaraguly M.B.; Jafar N.N.A.; Jabir M.; Majdi H.; Berdimurodov E.; abdulameer M.H.; Altayeh A.O.; Almehizia A.A.
Journal of Molecular Structure , Vol. 1322
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 00222860
Chemistry & Forensics Department, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham Ng11 8NS, United Kingdom; College of sciences, Uruk university, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; Medical laboratories techniques, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq; Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, university of technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave, Tashkent, 100007, Uzbekistan; Physics and Chemistry, Western Caspian University, Baku, AZ-1001, Azerbaijan; Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, Uzbekistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
This study presents the development of a cost-effective and eco-friendly electrode for the enantioselective electro-organic synthesis of (R)-2‑hydroxy-2-phenylpropanenitriles 4(a-l) with yields ranging from 88 % to 98 %. The electrode is constructed using graphene oxide (GO) modified with (2S,3R)-3-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (L-Hypip) as a cheap enantioselective organic linker and coated with iron (Fe) nanoparticles, referred to as GO[sbnd]Hypip@Fe. This design aims to facilitate the efficient synthesis of (R)-2‑hydroxy-2-phenylpropanenitrile derivatives 4(a-l). Sodium chloride (NaCl), a readily available and inexpensive electrolyte, is employed to enhance the electrochemical reaction rate. The electrode underwent thorough characterization and identification using SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, TGA, BET, CV, and FT-IR analyses. Its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature highlight its potential for sustainable electro-organic synthesis processes. The synthesized (R)-2‑hydroxy-2-phenylpropanenitriles 4(a-l) were identified and characterized through melting point, 1HNMR, and CHN analyses. © 2024
الكلمات المفتاحية: Enantioselective electro-organic cyanation Green electrode Iron nanoparticles L-hypip-modified graphene oxide
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 140537 | EID: 2-s2.0-85208139161

Experimental Investigation of Welding Technology Effects on ASTM A516 Grade 70 Welding Joint Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance, and Mechanical Properties

2025
Idan A.; Falih D.A.; Sabeeh Mohammed M.; Kareem A.H.; Majdi H.S.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 58 (10), pp. 2055-2070
Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Kut Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Techniques, Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra, 62001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Investigators examined microstructural changes together with strength and corrosion resistance properties in alloy steel joints created by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). The research analyzed the effects of welding heat input on microstructure development and its effect on the corrosion performance. The research examined ASTM A516 Grade 70 steel welds’ corrosion behavior welded using GMAW and SMAW after immersing them in ferric chloride solution for 81 hours. The GMAW welding process generated a narrower Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), resulting in an average corrosion rate of 8.31 mm/year at 81 hours; SMAW produced a slightly elevated final corrosion rate of 8.73 mm/year. GMAW fusion zone displayed fine dendritic features, different from the SMAW fusion zone, which contained coarser grain patterns. SMAW heat-affected zone exceeded GMAW’s zone by 5 mm, reaching up to 19 mm, which led SMAW joints to increased corrosion vulnerability. GMAW joints’ mechanical properties yielded 588 MPa tensile strength measurement, which corresponded to 5.1% reduction from the base metal, slightly higher than SMAW joints at 578 MPa and 5.2% reduction from base metal strength values. Toughness measured using Charpy tests on GMAW samples showed higher results at 72 J compared to 65 J obtained from SMAW. The weight loss analysis showed GMAW initial corrosion speed 60.12 mg decline at 5 hours before achieving 3.53 g stability at 81 hours. SMAW corrosion development was slower since the material lost 30.19 mg after the initial 5 hours before reaching 3.99 g after 81 hours. Results show GMAW produces better general corrosion resistance and mechanical properties than SMAW joints ©2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
الكلمات المفتاحية: alloy steel joints corrosion rate corrosion resistance microstructure analysis weight loss analysis
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105023428284

Optimizing Aspect Welds Size for Structural Integrity and Performance: A Simulation Approach Using SolidWorks

2025
Mnati H.M.; Kareem A.H.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Hashim A.M.
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements , Vol. 13 (1), pp. 177-198
Article Open Access English ISSN: 20460546
Technical Institute of Baquba, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10016, Iraq; Mechanical Techniques Department, Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra, 62001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Mechanical Power Department, Engineering of Technical Maysan, Al-Amarah University College, Amarah, 62001, Iraq
SolidWorks used an optimization approach from the authors to strengthen the structural quality of edge weld designs. The current standard approaches for edge weld analysis evaluation remain insufficiently developed which causes limitations to the functionality of SolidWorks simulation software. A modern weldment analysis procedure stands as the selected research method to predict outcomes across various conditions through weld parameter definition. The SolidWorks simulation model provides an advanced method to construct 3D frame structures with edge-welding through precise weld specifications and effective boundary definition. Standard welding processes together with analytical methods affect outcome precision because weld measurements showed differences from projected values. The design process will split weld component inspections into two separate outcomes which will distinguish between passable dimensions and those that need additional evaluation. The scientific research confirms that all structures require weld modifications whenever external forces surpass either 2000 N or 3000 N during analysis. Results show that maximum stability requires either robust welds or reduced safety procedures or better welding electrodes according to the research data. Engineers leverage this simulated platform as it helps evaluate welded structure loading patterns to improve their live design work. Virtual data processing together with actual application parameters allows engineers to build precise weld designs producing better responses predictions for modern welded frameworks in operational environments. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: safety factor in weld joints SolidWorks weld analysis weld simulation optimization weld size estimation techniques welding electrode effects
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105003968782

Solar Energy and Thermal Management Systems

2025
Fadiel A.F.A.; Elmnifi M.; Majdi H.S.
Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics , pp. 390-408
Book chapter English
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Higher Institute for Sciences and Technology, Libya; Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod State Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov, Russian Federation; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq
[No abstract available]
DOI Scopus
CRC Press | EID: 2-s2.0-105024840224

High-Performance Cooling: The Influence of Turbulent Air Inlet Velocity on Triangle Fins for Efficient Heat Transfer

2025
Badday B.A.; Jassim L.; Kassim M.S.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 43 (5), pp. 1775-1793
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Fuel and Energy Techniques Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College - Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10074, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; National Investment Commission, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This work’s results proved that by increasing air inlet speed from 2 m/s to 6 m/s, the maximum heat sink temperature decreased from 79.8°C to 52.5°C, avoiding hotspots, leading to an even temperature distribution. This study shows how using triangular fins mixed with higher turbulent air speed achieves considerably better temperature control for electronics cooling than alternate fin geometries or slower airflow. When used in a realworld application such as compact electronics or high-power devices, the combination of a single high-speed air inlet and triangular fin array allows for safer operating temperatures, longer device lifespan, and potentially allows greater power density without thermal hazards. Increasing air speed from 2 m/s to 6 m/s lowers the hottest location on the heat sink from 79.8°C to 52.5°C and provides much better temperature regularity from one end of the sink to the other. Higher turbulence (from both fin geometry and airflow speed) efficiently disrupts thermal boundary layers, which moves heat more quickly, preventing thermal buildup. This is because a single-velocity high-pressure inlet al.ows for better overall cooling than other methods of temporally multiplexing flow into multiple lowervelocity directional paths, especially relevant for electronic systems in which spatial compaction and efficiency are highly important. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: computational fluid dynamics heat dissipation efficiency temperature distribution triangular fins turbulent flow
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105023489612

Retraction Note: Estimation of Thermomechanical Fatigue Lifetime of Ball Grid Solder Joints in Electronic Devices Using a Machine Learning Approach(Journal of Electronic Materials (2022), 51,3495–3503 10.1007/s11664-022-09635-2)

2025
Chen T.-C.; Opulencia M.J.C.; Majdi H.Sh.; Hammid A.T.; Sharma H.; Sajjadifar S.; Surendar A.
Journal of Electronic Materials , Vol. 54 (6)
Erratum Open Access English ISSN: 03615235
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan; College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq; Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura, India; Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran; Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article. An investigation by the Publisher has found a number of articles, including this one, which share similar concerns, involving but not limited to, irregularities with respect to submission, authorship and peer review. The Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions pre-sented in this article. Sami Sajjadifar has stated that they did not contribute to this article. Tzu-Chia Chen, Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Himanshu Sharma, and Aravindhan Surendar did not respond to correspondence about this retraction. The Journal has been unable to establish the current email address for Ali Thaeer Hammid. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 4963 | EID: 2-s2.0-105002461913

Evaluation the Diffusion Bonding Process of Hardox 400 Steel and Aluminum Alloy AA7020 with Interlayer

2025
Omran S.H.; Ali Hussein H.; Saleh A.H.; Majdi H.S.
Materials Transactions , Vol. 66 (10), pp. 1356-1363
Article English ISSN: 13459678
Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology, Iraq; Department of Power Mechanics Technologies, Al-Farqadein University College, Basrah, 61004, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Bonding of aluminum alloys and steel is of immense interest to different applications. In this study, we aim to determine the optimal conditions for diffusion bonding of Hardox 400 steel with Aluminum Alloy AA7020 using tin as the interlayer. Three loads: 150, 250 and 350 N, four temperatures: 400, 450, 500 and 550°C, and three times: 2, 4 and 6 hr were used. The optimal case for these conditions was evaluated using the double shear test, where it appeared that temperature and applied load have an important role in determining the shear stress, while time has a minor effect. The temperature of 550°C and the load of 350 N gave the best results at a time of 4 hr. To investigate the effect of the type of interlayer, steel and copper were used for this purpose under the optimal welding conditions, and the results revealed that the shear stress was low for both of them compared to tin, which appeared to be the best. To evaluate the effect of temperature at the constant load of 350 N and time 4 hr using tin as interlayer, microscopic examination, micro-hardness test and wear test were adopted. The results show that the increasing of process temperature led to improve the mechanical properties of joint and corrosion resistance due to more diffusion of atoms and Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) layer would be more thickened. ©2025 The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials.
الكلمات المفتاحية: AA7020 diffusion bonding double shear Hardox 400 steel tin interlayer
DOI Scopus
Japan Institute of Metals (JIM) | EID: 2-s2.0-105017243370

TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY PROSPECTIVE ALONG THE LIBYAN COAST

2025
Elmnifi M.; Mohammed K.S.; Benameur A.; Lagum A.A.; Hashim A.M.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Proceedings on Engineering Sciences , Vol. 7 (3), pp. 1631-1644
Article Open Access English ISSN: 26202832
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod state Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation; Department of Medical Physics, Almanara College for medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq; Faculty of Science and Technology, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, 29000, Algeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan; Engineering of Technical Mechanical Power Department, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
This study assesses the potential of offshore wind as an energy source in Libya and develops a comprehensive database of wind resources. Meteorological data from the RETScreen Clean Energy Management Software program was used to analyze wind energy characteristics and generate wind energy at selected locations with a height of 10 m and a depth of 50 m. The study found that Derna had the highest wind speed, while the Ajdabiya and Benghazi sites consistently had the lowest average wind speeds. The study found that the collective energy potential in shallow waters along the Libyan shore constitutes about 13% and 45% of the existing renewable and wind energy capacity, with an estimated technical capacity of 339 GW/h. The results indicate the shallow seas of Derna, Tobruk, and Misrata are ideal for offshore wind energy development due to their abundant wind resources and low energy costs, with average costs ranging from $100 to 400 $/MWh. © 2025 Published by Faculty of Engineering.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Energy Libya Offshore wind RETScreen Techno-Economic
DOI Scopus
Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac | EID: 2-s2.0-105019675396

INVESTIGATION OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL WELDING JOINT THERMAL PROPERTIES EFFECT ON WELD ZONE AND HAZ CORROSION RESISTANCE

2025
Akeiber H.J.; Amin S.A.; Marhoon I.I.; Al-Zuhairi H.M.I.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Proceedings on Engineering Sciences , Vol. 7 (4), pp. 2213-2226
Article Open Access English ISSN: 26202832
Iraqi Police College, Iraqi Ministry of Interior, Baghdad, Iraq; Engineering of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Techniques, College of Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Austenitic stainless steels are prone to sensitization when subjected to high temperatures (ranging from 400 ℃ to 900 ℃) during production procedures like welding or in specific applications like pressure vessels. Present experiment entailed using welding current on 304L austenitic stainless steel using shielded metal arc welding technique, employing E308L electrode. Analysis of microstructural changes conducted using optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction, while determination of residual stresses performed using X-ray diffraction with sin2ψ method. Susceptibility of welding joint to intergranular corrosion (IGC) and corrosion behavior of welding joints assessed via electrochemical corrosion testing and modified Huey testing. It observed, even when applying highest welding current, shielded metal arc welding process does not result in significant carbide or intermetallic phase development. augmentation in welding current resulted in simultaneous augmentation in both ferrite content and grain size. Optical microscopy failed to accurately capture variations in grain size within fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). This study highlights the need of employing electron backscattered diffraction to precisely measure alterations in grain size within fusion and heat affected zones. This technique considers the presence of twin boundaries as an integral feature of grain when determining grain size. Residual stresses had compressive nature at lowest heat input, but revealed tensile features surrounding weld bead the maximum welding current. Augmenting welding current led to an enhancement in corrosion resistance of welding joints. © 2025 Published by Faculty of Engineering.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Electrochemical corrosion test Intergranular corrosion modified Huey testing Skeletal ferrite Welding current
DOI Scopus
Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac | EID: 2-s2.0-105027140702

Study of Abrasive Wear Behavior of Epoxy-Carbon Fiber Composites with Nano Al2O3 Filler: An Algorithmic Approach

2025
Yadhav B.R.L.; Govindaraju H.K.; Kiran M.D.; Marakala N.; Mahalingam S.K.; Nagarajan L.; Mohammed S.J.; Majdi H.S.; Algburi S.; Khan M.A.
Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion , Vol. 11 (1)
Article English ISSN: 21984220
Department of Mechanical Engineering, R L Jalappa Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Doddaballapur, 561203, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nitte (Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Karnataka, Udupi, 574110, India; SRM TRP Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 621105, India; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, 36015, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotia College of Engineering, Greater Noida, 201310, India
In the present research, epoxy composites were made by hand layup with reinforcement of carbon fabric and Al2O3 nanoparticles in weight percentages of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The L-16 orthogonal array was used in the experiment design, with the load, sliding distance, and amount of filler reinforcement as controlling parameters. The study of three-body abrasive wear was carried out with a load of 10 and 20 N for a sliding distance of 250–1000 m in an increment of 250 m at a speed of 2.5 m/s. The experimental study confirms the increased wear loss with increased sliding distance and load. The wear loss was decreased with an increased percentage of fillers from 0.5 to 2.0 wt.%. The SEM analysis of the worn surfaces has revealed micro-plowing, initiation of micro-cracks, removal of epoxy by silica sand particles, and rapture of carbon fibers. The combination of optimal parameters for minimizing wear loss has also been studied through the Taguchi and algorithmic approaches. The SSO algorithm has outperformed the other algorithms and the Taguchi method. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Abrasive wear Carbon fiber Epoxy Hand layup SSO algorithm Taguchi Method
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | Art. 21 | EID: 2-s2.0-85218216644

Energy Consumption of Wind Turbines Mounted on Evaporative Condenser for Energy Efficiency Improvement

2025
Shijer S.S.; Akeiber H.J.; Kassim M.S.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 58 (3), pp. 467-478
Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Iraqi Police College, Iraqi Ministry of Interior, Baghdad, 1001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
A cooling system power boost is possible through wind turbines that are situated on top of evaporative condensers thus generating new ways to enhance energy efficiency levels. The research relies on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodologies combined with experimental testing to measure how blade angular orientation together with diameter dimensions rotational speed counts and wind velocity levels affect power production with accompanying torque outputs while measuring energy requirements. The optimum blade angle of 45° generates the maximum power output to 233.34 W along with 1.46 Nm torque yet adjusting the blade angle above this threshold leads to performance deterioration because of increased drag forces. The optimum diameter for turbine energy capture is discovered at 0.4 meters because increasing this parameter from this point does not generate additional power even while power consumption increases. The study observes 332.57 RPM as the optimal rotational speed because this leads to maximum power generation at 332.57 W but speed increases above this value result in decreased power because of aerodynamic resistance. The power generation analysis reveals that maximum power output amounts to 438.77 W when wind velocity achieves 10 m/s. Higher speeds lead to degraded system performance because mechanical issues combine with aerodynamics creating drag. System efficiency reaches its peak when blade numbers are optimized since additional blades create drag while decreasing total efficient power production. The study emphasizes how precise turbine parameter adjustments help organizations generate the most optimal energy performance results. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: aerodynamic performance blade angle optimization Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) evaporative condensers torque output turbines
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105003957709

Designing a Knee Support Using Nanomaterials and Controlling it as an Assistant Robot

2025
Jaber H.M.; Shams O.A.; Ahmed B.A.; Al-Zuhairi H.M.I.; Majdi H.S.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 58 (3), pp. 435-448
Article English ISSN: 12696935
Department of Mechanical Technologies, Technical Institute-Suwaira, Middle Technical University, Al-Suwaira, 52002, Iraq; Power Mechanics Department, Technical Institute of Anbar, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Our study creates enhanced knee supports by integrating nanomaterial reinforcements and robot-controlled systems. Research showed that adding Al2O3 CuO and ZnO to PLA in specific ratios boosted mechanical, thermal, and functional product outcomes. The mixture of PLA and 0.5% nanomaterials boosted tensile strength to 70 MPa for Al2O3 and 68 MPa for ZnO over pure PLA's 60 MPa. Young's modulus rose to 4.2 GPa from PLA's 3.5 GPa. Thermal resistance and damage tolerance strengthened best when using ZnO particle additives. Test results successfully migrated to numerical finite element analysis simulations which revealed structured enhancements in both strength and pressure distribution. 0.5 weight percent ZnO filler reached 90 kPa peak load which surpassed all other materials including normal PLA supports during the study. Our Simulink dynamic model verified that the device matched real human knee movements through 90°-30° flexion-extension and ±5°-±10°internal-external plus abduction-adduction rotations. PID and Spiking Neural Network controls produced steady motion that proves our system's value in rehabilitation and mobility support. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: additive manufacturing Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> CuO stress redistribution stress-strain relationship tensile strength ZnO
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105004226752

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Interpass Temperature Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in 316L Stainless Steel Multipass Welding

2025
Marhoon I.I.; Amin S.A.; Kareem A.H.; Hashim A.M.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 43 (4), pp. 1243-1255
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Power Techniques Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, College of Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Techniques Department, Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra, 62001, Iraq; Computer Science Department, Bayan University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
This study aimed to experimentally and numerically discuss the effect of the interpass temperature on the stainless steel multipass shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) joints and HAZ microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel. In this investigation, E308 electrode metal employed in welding three weldments: first without any interpass temperature, the second with 100℃ interpass temperature, and the third with 150℃ interpass temperature. Microstructures and hardness of weldments investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Vickers microhardness (HV). Ferrite scope was also used in non-destructive evaluation to observe ferrite content in weldments. SOLDWOKS and ANSYS software’s used in designed and analyses three welding joints models, to investigated the interpass temperature effects on heat effected zone (HAZ) width, deformation, and stress of the all joints. Results indicated that fusion zone microstructure exhibited dendritic structure containing lathy and skeletal δ-ferrite in γ matrix. XRD, SEM, and Eds results proved that δ-ferrite amount inversely proportional to the interpass temperature. δ-ferrite contents in welding zone increased by increasing cooling rate. The HAZ microstructure illustrated coarse grain size in this zone due to the effects of interpass temperature in decreasing the cooling rate. Therefore, the hardness decreased as the interpass temperature increased due to the lack of δ-ferrite formation in the structure. The stacking fault energy (SFE) calculations show that all three joints had (SFE) values of more than (9 MJ/m2); therefore, no Martensite will form in the welding joint with any interpass temperature. The numerical results illustrated direct proportional between the interpass temperature and the HAZ width. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: HAZ interpass temperature lathy and skeletal δ-ferrite stacking fault energy (SFE) welding dilution
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105019177132

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HELMET EFFECT ON SOLAR RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE REDUCTION TO AVOID BRAIN STROKE

2025
Abdul-Ghafoor Q.J.; Hasan W.K.; Ali A.J.; Hammoodi K.A.; Majdi H.S.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 20 (3), pp. 145-157
Article English ISSN: 18234690
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Baghdad Rd, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The research explores the link between solar radiation exposure, brain temperatures, and stroke risk. It highlights the importance of understanding the effects of solar radiation on human health, particularly neurological well-being, due to rising global temperatures. The materials manufactured for the helmet are taken from two layers to improve the thermal insulation of the brain by wearing a helmet. The first layer-representing fiberglass, which is where the value of the conduction coefficient for this layer is 0.363 W/m∙ ℃ . The second layer represents the cotton wrapped for the inner layer of the helmet, which has a thermal conductivity value of 0.026 W/m∙℃, which is a good heat insulator. Human hair is also an insulator for the heat applied to it, as a layer of hair was made simulating the real state with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.37 W/m∙℃, and the height of the hair is 1 cm. The human head's back region experiences higher temperatures, reaching 49.31 ℃ due to heat transfer between the head and brain surface. This affects facial bones and internal organs. Helmets help reduce head temperatures by reflecting and dissipating solar radiation. © School of Engineering,
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biomechanical Brain stroke Brain temperature Brian layer Sustainable development
Scopus
Taylor's University | EID: 2-s2.0-105021044838

Effects of Preheating on Graphite Retention and Carbide Formation in Welded Gray Cast Iron

2025
Marhoon I.I.; Kareem A.H.; Amin S.A.; Shams O.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 43 (4), pp. 1329-1342
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Mechanical Techniques Department, Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra, 62001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Power Techniques Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, College of Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Power Mechanics Department, Technical Institute of Anbar, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10074, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This research evaluates preheating effects on the microstructure and strength aspects in gray cast iron shielded metal arc welded using ENi-CI electrodes. The research evaluated the joint integrity without and 150℃ and 300℃ preheat temperatures. Preheating treatment has profound effect on graphite retention amount, produces both carbides, and alters the stress field in welding joint. When there is no preheating the weld zone develops a damaged graphite structures and excessive martensitic structures together with high carbide formation which produces brittle zones prone to cracking. Hardness in the heat-affected zone reached unacceptable levels exceeding 50 HRC together with inadequate mechanical properties. 150℃ temperature preheating resulted in limited graphite preservation resulting in decreased carbide content and decreased martensite formation which produced a hardness area between 48.5-49 HRC throughout HAZ. 300℃ preheating temperature delivered well-refined microstructure along with complete graphite preservation and minimal carbide formation and ferritic-pearlitic matrix that together produced the lowest HAZ hardness variations that approached 48 HRC. Embrittling precipitation phases within the fusion line and HAZ regions decreased from 50.5 HRC to 49.5 HRC following preheating at 150℃ and to 49.3 HRC at 300℃. Both tensile tests demonstrated that weld samples preheated to 300℃ demonstrated better mechanical stability because they showed ductile structural failure but initial samples without preheating displayed brittle fractures due to high residual stresses. The analysis validates that welding cast iron at 300℃ preheating results in the best results since this temperature regulates thermal gradients and maintains graphite stability while stopping brittle martensitic phases formation to achieve improved weld quality. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: crack prevention gray cast iron microstructural evolution preheating optimization thermal gradient control
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105019739472

The effect of powder mixing on the performance of electrical discharge machining: A review

2025
Kattab D.A.A.N.; Mohsein Z.H.; Habeeb L.J.; Majdi H.S.
Advancements in Sustainability Systems II , pp. 21-40
Book chapter English
Department of Metallurgy and Production Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
Powder-mixed electric discharge machining (PM-EDM) is a cuttingedge machining technology. This method has gained significant attention due to its ability to overcome the limitations of conventional electric discharge machining (EDM), particularly for high-strength alloys and composites used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical applications. By integrating powder into the dielectric fluid, PM-EDM improves the surface quality, material removal rate, and reduces the tool wear rate (TWR). This chapter reviews existing research on the effects of different powders, such as graphite, aluminum, and silicon carbide, on EDM performance. It also discusses the impact of process parameters like peak current, pulse-on time, and powder concentration on key machining outcomes, including surface roughness and microhardness. The hybrid nature of PM-EDM provides an ecofriendly alternative by minimizing material waste and improving machining efficiency, aligning with sustainability goals in modern manufacturing. Furthermore, by reducing energy consumption through enhanced process efficiency and enabling the machining of advanced materials with higher precision, PM-EDM supports the long-term goal of sustainable production practices. This chapter explores the potential for PM-EDM to advance sustainable manufacturing processes while improving the machining of difficult materials. © 2025 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scopus
Nova Science Publishers Inc. | EID: 2-s2.0-105014237593

Numerical Analysis of Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle Battery Cooling Efficiency: Evaluating Material Influence on Thermal Performance

2025
Jawad N.H.; Jabbar R.L.A.; Mohammed K.S.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 43 (2), pp. 391-402
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10017, Iraq; Department of Medical Physics, Almanara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, 62011, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The researchers performed an investigation to examine how external casing materials affect lithium-ion battery (LIB) thermal behavior within electric vehicles (EVs) for safety improvement and temperature control and operational optimization. The CFD simulations built inside ANSYS Fluent 2022 R2 tested battery thermal functions by studying Al and Cu combined with PVC outer shell designs which served as cooling channels for air flow. The heat transfer efficiency of aluminum exceeded other materials because of its high thermal conductivity value at 237 W/m.K that generated standardized 27.0℃ air outlet temperatures enabling superior thermal uniformity alongside decreased thermal runaway risk. This high heat conductance of 401 W/m.K enabled Copper to distribute thermal energy consistently to prevent outlet temperature hot spots and achieve 27.39℃ minimum outlet temperature. The low thermal conductivity value of 0.19 W/m·K in PVC led to a maximum outlet temperature of 28.0℃ because it offered insufficient heat transfer while increasing thermal degradation risk. Temperature stability of the battery occurred when aluminum use maintained a continuous span from 26.6℃ to 28.6℃ while copper conductance yielded a range of 27.6℃ to 28.2℃ and PVC operation stayed within 26.8℃ to 27.2℃. The laboratory analysis verifies aluminum and copper as fundamental battery constituents which provide thermal protection while accelerating heat transfer operations. The research plans upcoming experimental research as part of combined cooling endeavors to develop enhanced Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) functionality in EV applications for improved operational efficiency and safety results. ©2025 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ANSYS fluent simulation battery thermal management system (BTMS) cooling system efficiency lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) outer case material selection
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105006599602

Analysis of Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Multi-Helical Tube and Shell Heat Exchangers Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2025
Naji A.A.; Rasheed A.K.; Hassan A.K.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 12 (11), pp. 3799-3816
Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Technical Institute-Suwaira, Middle Technical University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Research and Technology Center of Environment, Water and Renewable Energy, Scientific Research Commission, Baghdad, 10070, Iraq; College of Materials Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
The study investigates the heat transfer performance of multi-helical tube-and-shell heat exchangers under low liquid flow rates via computer simulations. It identifies the effects that changing the inlet velocities from 0.2 m/s to 0.6 m/s, and then 1 m/s, had on heat transfer efficiency, boundary layer formation, and temperature distribution. Heat transfer rates increase when the inlet speed is adjusted because the flow rate influences boundary layer thickness and improves fluid mixing. The system at 0.2 m/s exhibited a significant temperature variation because the thick boundary layer and poor fluid mixing produced 31℃ cold water at the outlet. When the system reached 0.6 m/s, the outlet temperature decreased to 24.9℃ because the flow boundary layer had become more compact. Maximum system functionality occurred at 1 m/s velocity because the temperature of the outlet cold water was maintained at 22℃ along with consistent uniform distribution, which demonstrated strong convective heat transfer while minimizing temperature differences between the core fluid and wall. Each simulation was conducted at a different velocity, which produced Reynolds numbers of 275, 824, and 1374—confirming that laminar flow existed throughout the study. This research demonstrates that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a valuable tool for modeling heat exchangers operating in laminar flow. A higher inlet velocity of 1 m/s yields the best heat transfer results. This research proposes a new model for optimizing heat exchange in multi-helical heat exchangers, clarifying how characteristics of different flow velocities can contribute to forming a boundary layer. The results hold practical significance for the engineering field, which allows precise design of industrial heat exchangers and ultimately, improved thermal efficiency in energy-demanding industries such as HVAC systems or industrial cooling applications. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: boundary layer thickness convective heat transfer laminar flow heat transfer Reynolds number effects thermal efficiency optimization
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105027390648

DEHUMIDIFICATION USING LICL, CdCl2, AND NACL INORGANIC LIQUID DESICCANT MATERIALS WITH CELLULOSE AND PLASTIC PACKING

2025
Fahad F.G.; Al-Humairi S.T.; Al-Ezzi A.T.; Majdi H.S.; Aliyu A.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 20 (3), pp. 40-56
Article English ISSN: 18234690
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq; American University of Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810211, Nigeria
Moisture removal to regulate the indoor humidity and improve the comfort level of indoor buildings is essential in the air conditioning system. This study investigates a packed bed to evaluate the dehumidification efficiencies of diverse salt solutions in liquid desiccant dehumidifiers (LDD). Three distinct dehumidification liquids, LiCl, CdCl2, and NaCl, at concentrations of 400, 600, and 800 g/L, with flow rates of 2, 3, and 4 L/min, at two inlet air relative humidity of 60% and 90% were investigated. Additionally, two types of packed beds, namely cellulose and plastic beds, were selected for assessment. Elevating the concentration of the inlet LDD results in a decreased vapour pressure on the LDD surface, thereby amplifying the difference in water vapour pressure between the desiccant and the humid air. Augmenting the LDD flow rate corresponds to an increase in moisture removal. The cellulose-packed bed exhibited superior performance. Furthermore, lithium chloride exhibited greater efficiency compared to cadmium chloride and sodium chloride in the dehumidification process. Despite lithium chloride yielding optimal results among the inorganic liquid desiccants studied, it is noteworthy that cadmium chloride and sodium chloride are economically viable and readily accessible. Dehumidification efficiency of 80% and 31.6% were achieved with CdCl2 and NaCl, respectively, with a concentration of 800 g/L, 4 L/min flow rate, with a cellulose-packed bed. The optimal conditions for maximum dehumidification efficiency of 88.3% with LiCl, 800 g/L concentration, 4 L/min flow rate, and an inlet relative humidity of 90%, coupled with a cellulose-packed bed. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Anhydrous salt Capture moisture Cross current Hygroscopic properties Liquid desiccant absorber Removal efficiency
Scopus
Taylor's University | EID: 2-s2.0-105021979790

A Power Station (Brayton Cycle) Equipped with Solar Energy: A Numerical Study

2025
Mezher M.K.; Hussein H.A.; Sehen M.S.; Alderoubi N.; Majdi H.S.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 12 (2), pp. 483-493
Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Power Mechanics Techniques Department, Technical Institute-Suwaira, Middle Technical University, Wasit, 52002, Iraq; Technical Mechanics Department, Technical Institute-Suwaira, Middle Technical University, Wasit, 52002, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Southeast Community College, Lincoln Campus, Lincoln, 68521, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The combination of renewable sources of energy with classical power generation systems is the future of sustainable energy generation. The feasibility and performance of integrating solar energy into a Brayton cycle power plant are investigated in this study through numerical simulations. A good opportunity for this integration is represented by the Brayton cycle, which is characterized by high efficiency and the proper use of several heat sources. The present work focuses on the possibility and efficiency of incorporating solar energy into the power plant based on the scheme of Brayton cycle to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost according to numerical modelling. The up to date technique concerns the feasibility of using CH4 gas in the Brayton cycle that has a gas turbine combustion chamber and an air blower. Main observations include increased efficiency of the turbines by 32 percent and the fact that over the years, the general expenses have also reduced from $5.2 USD per MWh of electricity without solar panel to approximately $4.3 USD per MWH with the use of solar panels. About the exhaust temperature, the results stated that the temperatures rose by twenty- nine percent due to the use of solar panels. The presented outcomes prove the potential and the benefits of the integrated use of renewable solar energy and the conventional power generation systems to promote the formation of more efficient energy sources. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Brayton cycle Engineering Equation Solver MATLAB numerical study power station solar energy
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105000465685

A Control Strategy for Zeta Converter Adaptation in Photovoltaic Systems: Genetic Algorithm-Based PID Controller

2025
Mohammed M.J.; Çiçek A.; Ezzat S.B.; Assi S.A.; Almulaisi T.; Imran A.I.; Bektaş E.; Sekhar R.; Radhi A.D.; Majdi H.S.; Desa H.; Yaakob S.B.; Shah P.
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems , Vol. 5 (6), pp. 3376-3394
Article English ISSN: 27752658
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Kirkuk, 36001, Iraq; Çankırı Karatekin University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Çankırı, Turkey; Mechanical Technicals Department, Polytechnic College Hawija, Northern Technical University, Hawija, 36007, Iraq; Software Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq; Renewable Energy Research Unit, Polytechnic College Hawija, Northern Technical University, Hawija, 36007, Iraq; Centre of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems (COEUAS), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jalan Kangar-Alor Setar, 01000Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; Technical College of Engineering, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Pune, 412115, India; College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala PO Box 198, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; aculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
The demand for efficient and stable DC-DC converters has grown due to their widespread use in renewable energy systems, battery-operated devices, and switched-mode power supplies. The zeta converter, a unique type, offers benefits such as steady output current, low output voltage changes, and the ability to function as both a buck and boost converter. However, unpredictable behavior can lead to issues such as fluctuations in output, excessive overshooting, and instability, which can negatively impact sensitive devices. This paper proposes a method to model, simulate, and study a zeta converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to address voltage control problems caused by input changes. The proposed solution involves using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller adjusted with a genetic algorithm (GA) to improve dynamic response and reduce output voltage ripple and peak overshoot in transient conditions. The simulation results show that the GA-improved PID controller significantly enhances converter performance by reducing voltage ripple and peak overshoot. The controller can maintain a fixed output voltage despite changes in input and load, making it an effective method for utilizing renewable energy and other sensitive power electronic devices. © 2025 The Authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) DC-DC Conversion Genetic Algorithm (GA) PID Controller Optimization Zeta Converter
DOI Scopus
Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE) | EID: 2-s2.0-105028437617

Mathematical approach to understand the status of urban infrastructure and planning for sustainable development: A Case study of bankura district, west bengal, India

2025
Islam J.; Chaudhary S.; Hasan M.S.U.; Ahmed N.; Biswas T.; Majdi H.S.; Mohammed S.J.; Kumar A.
International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development , Vol. 16 (1), pp. 23-45
Article English ISSN: 2093761X
Dept. of Geography, PRMS Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal, Bankura, 722150, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata, 700160, India; Ganga institute of technology and management, Bahadurgarh-Jhajjar Road, Haryana, Kablana Jhajjar, 124104, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy, Technical Engineering College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
Urbanization and regional development are critical components of sustainable growth, yet their success often hinges on the equitable distribution of socio-economic facilities. In developing economies, the uneven allocation of urban amenities leads to significant disparities in regional development. This study investigates the hierarchical distribution of urban facilities in the Bankura District of West Bengal, India, using secondary data from the Census of India 2011. Statistical techniques are employed to analyze the uneven distribution of socio-economic resources and to identify gaps in service provision across different urban centers. The findings highlight the stark contrast between Bankura, the district’s primary urban hub with comprehensive amenities, and Simlapal, a less developed center with limited resources. By uncovering these disparities, the study contributes a novel perspective on optimizing urban planning to achieve balanced regional development. The research offers actionable recommendations to ensure equitable access to facilities, thereby promoting sustainable development without excluding rural settlements from the zone of service influence. This work not only sheds light on the dynamics of urban planning in the Bankura District but also serves as a model for addressing similar challenges in other developing regions. © 2025 International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development.
الكلمات المفتاحية: functional importance functional weightage hierarchical arrangement spatio-functional gap sphere of urban influence urban influence
DOI Scopus
Sustainable Building Research Center | EID: 2-s2.0-105001997085

Experimental Analysis of a Solar Module’s Characteristic Performance in AL-Bayda City, Libya

2025
Younis A.; Elmnifi M.; Jassim L.; Al-Raiani K.; Majdi H.S.; Ayed S.K.
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems , Vol. 1482 LNNS, pp. 681-713
Conference paper English ISSN: 23673370
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, 218, Libya; Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod Technological University Named After. V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation; Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
This research represents an experimental analysis of a monocrystallin solar panel from unknown maufacturer, which is one of those units sold in the local market. Since the methods by which solar panels and modules are specified locally lack analysis in different climatic conditions, and since some photovoltic panels’ manufacturers and providers do not include catalogs with more data on their panels, this research focused on analyzing a solar panel by collecting its parameters characteristics such as voltage and current under inclination angles of 0, 45, 60, 90° at the beginning of July, in the city of Al-Bayda. The experimental analysis process is accomplished by using a laboratory data acquisition/control unit to collect the parameters that are used to evaluate the unit's output using engineering equation solver (EES). The relationships between these parameters are then plotted using Excel. Hence, it is found that this solar panel’s actual efficiency reached 10.02% at the weather conditions et al.-Bayda, compared to an actual efficiency of 14.63% at standard conditions, and maximum actual power of 21.19 watts compared to an actual standard power of 50 watts. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Efficiency Engineering Equation Solver Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Solar cells Solar modules Solar panels
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-105010831290

Study the Effect of Stretching Force and Speed on the Induced Spring-Back of Aluminum AI6061

2025
Amin S.A.; Akbar A.A.A.; Majdi H.S.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 12 (3), pp. 829-839
Article English ISSN: 23690739
College of Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10017, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Controlling Spring-Back (SB) is the key concern of the sheet-metal forming (SMF) manufacturing. Phenomenon of the SB is one of the most important defects of the SMF processes. It can be defined as the product diffraction from the designed dimension after the removal of the effective forming force. In stretching of sheet metal process associated with the SB phenomenon, two types of forces are normally applied, one of them is a stretching with tensile force (pre-stretching process) and the other one is without tensile force (post-stretching process). The stretching speed (strain rate) is also an important factor affecting the completion of the forming process. In this work, the effect of both stretching speed and stretching force on the stretching behavior in terms of SB occurrence were studied in (2) kinds of stretch forming procedure (pre-stretching and post-stretching) achieved experimentally by testing 78 test samples of Al 6061 alloy sheet. Tests were experimentally conducted utilizing a die having a V-shape for stretching the sheet at (2) chosen levels of stretching speed and force and speed as well as in accordance to the matrices of the design prepared via employing Design of Experiment (DoE) software (Design Expert version 10). SB of the stretched sheet was measured experimentally after the stretching processes for the optimization purpose. ANOVA statistical analysis was used to check the adequacy of the resulted models with 95% confidence level. Results display that growing the put up-stretching force correctly reduces the spring-again perspective, with a decrease of as much as 44.1% within the SB attitude while hot dies have been utilized in assessment to bloodless dies, which done only a 9.7% reduction when the blank temperature improved from 20°C to 450°C. The findings additionally indicate that the SB quantity decreases with the optimization of the procedure parameters, improving the general dimensional accuracy of the final components. Two mathematical models were established via the technique of response surface methodology (RSM) and manifested that the stretching force influence is greater than the stretching speed effect. Also, a comparison was conducted between the experimental and theoretical results of the two types of stretching process at the optimum conditions of each process. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: aluminum effect of the 6061 ANOVA statistical technique DoE poststretching pre-tension stretching RSM SB stretching force
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-105002663706

CFD Analysis of Hydrogen Gas Behaviour in a Multi-Zone Flow System: A Parametric Study

2025
Ramesh Kumar R.; Yogeesha H.C.; Channa Keshava Naik N.; Bhattacherjee A.; Bhowmik A.; Pawar M.D.; Algburi S.; Mohammed S.J.; Majdi H.S.; Khan S.A.
CFD Letters , Vol. 17 (10), pp. 76-105
Article Open Access English ISSN: 21801363
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600062, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Venkatagirikote Post, Devanahalli, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 562110, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, BGS College of Engineering and Technology, Mahalakshmipuram, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560086, India; Department of Computer Science Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, Phagwara, 144411, India; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Punjab, Rajpura, 140401, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, 583104, India; Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, 36015, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, 00964, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 53100, Malaysia
The ANSYS CFD analysis made use of hydrogen in this study. The investigation aims at understanding the behaviour of hydrogen gas in such interactions with the inlet air and other fluid zones around it. Such research took advantage of sophisticated simulation tools to offer useful insights into gas flow and mixing patterns, thereby justifying why hydrogen could possibly become an alternative fuel one day (hydrogen is future-oriented). In addition, a model was created to establish the interaction between combustion involving hydrogen as well as tanks of inlet air. This was done on volumes for such tanks. Many factors affect performance and efficiency for different operational conditions of hydrogen gas that were explored through elaborate simulations. These findings should improve our comprehension about physics involved which plays an important role in enhancement of systems using hydrogen for power generation and also help various industries' operations using this element in their processes. It is research that looks at the complicated flow structures and behaviours that arise in fluid domains to uncover key parameters for better designs and more efficient hydrogen systems. Consequently, it is expected that the present study will help future designs of hydrogen technology so that they play a part of sustainable energy source. © 2025, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Ansys CFD Hydrogen NH<sub>3</sub> oxygen static pressure temperature velocity
DOI Scopus
Semarak Ilmu Publishing | EID: 2-s2.0-105006511664

Investigation of Polyvinyl Alcohol Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum in Sulfuric Acid

2025
Kadham S.J.; Al-Sultani K.; Majdi H.
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Vol. 44 (5), pp. 1314-1326
Article English ISSN: 10219986
Chemical Engineering, Engineering College, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
Corrosion mitigation remains a critical challenge in industries utilizing aluminium (Al), particularly in acidic environments where material degradation can compromise structural integrity and operational efficiency. The effectiveness of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as a corrosion inhibitor for Al in 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was evaluated through weight loss and polarization techniques. The study was conducted at three different temperatures (25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C) and varying concentrations of PVA (300, 450, and 600 ppm) to assess its inhibition efficiency. Results indicated that the inhibition efficiency increased with higher PVA concentrations, achieving maximum values of 90%, 88%, and 86% at 600 ppm for the respective temperatures. However, inhibition efficiency was found to decrease slightly with increasing temperature. Polarization studies revealed that PVA acted as a mixed-type inhibitor, reducing both anodic and cathodic currents. The maximum inhibition efficiency at 25°C was 91% as determined by polarization, with a corresponding reduction in corrosion current from 264.12 mA/cm2(blank) to 23.08 mA/cm2at 600 ppm. The study demonstrates the potential of PVA as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for Al in acidic environments, as its performance is significantly influenced by both temperature and concentration. © 2025, Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Aluminum sulfuric acid Corrosion inhibition Polarization technique Polyvinyl alcohol Weight loss method
DOI Scopus
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries | EID: 2-s2.0-105007462709

Parallel operation of common PLL-based synchronverters under transient conditions

2025
Gawande S.P.; Ansari K.; Meshram P.; Tan K.T.; Gawande U.; Mohammed S.J.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Mansour A.I.; Alam S.; Al-Sareji O.J.
AIP Advances , Vol. 15 (3)
Article Open Access English ISSN: 21583226
Department of Electrical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India; Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, Veszprém, H 8200, Hungary
Generally, a parallel connection of generators is required to meet the power need to supply the load demand. As a preferable replacement for typical generation units, a topology based on three-phase voltage source converters has been proposed. This paper proposes an approach based on virtual synchronous generator-based synchronverters for parallel operation of alternators. This approach automatically exchanges active and reactive power between parallel operated inverters of the same kind. Furthermore, to serve the purpose of synchronization, a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is used. To avoid the tuning complexities and stability margin issue, a common PLL is used for both the converters. The PLL detects the grid voltage angle and helps with initial synchronization of the synchronverter in an easier way. The simulation studies are carried out to validate the performance and control of the proposed system. In addition, stability analysis has been performed using a state space approach to prove the efficacy of the system. © 2025 Author(s).
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics | Art. 035033 | EID: 2-s2.0-105000437299

Flow Regime Characterization in Bubble Column Equipped with Internals

2025
Mahmood A.N.; Abdulrahman A.A.; Sabri L.S.; Sultan A.J.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Dahhan M.H.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 3169 (1)
Conference paper English ISSN: 0094243X
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
This paper looks into how a bubble column's flow regime is affected by sparger geometry and with the presence of an internal occupied 25% of the cross-sectional area. The flow pattern essentially describes the flow structure or distribution of one fluid phase relative to the other. The new technique used three differential pressure transducers (TM-Sensor) connected to a data acquisition card to detect the pressure fluctuation and measure the total gas hold-up. The experiments were conducted in a cylindrical Plexiglas® column with a 13- cm internal diameter and 183 cm height under atmospheric pressure with a two-phase system of liquid/air. Two types of perforated plate spargers were used, with the hole diameter ranging from 1-2 mm. The data compared to the literature on the experimental transition gas holdup values and predictions made by linear stability theory. Correlations were based on dimensionless numbers (Archimedes, Froude, and Weber) and the group (do/DC) to predict gas holdup in a homogeneous regime. The correlation predictions and experimental values had an average inaccuracy of less than 20 %. The published data were compared to the proposed correlation, which is in rather good agreement. Internals were found to have an impact on the overall gas holdup. Still, they significantly altered the structure of the gas holdup, with a small bubble holdup increase and a large bubble holdup decrease in the transitional and churn-turbulent regimes, respectively. © 2025 Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Bubble column gas hold up internals sparger
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics | Art. 040010 | EID: 2-s2.0-85218842277

Correction to: Characteristics of Photon–Plasmon Coupling in Uniaxial Chiral Filled Slab Waveguide Bounded by Graphene Layers (Plasmonics, (2024), 10.1007/s11468-024-02390-6)

2025
Mahal A.; Abdulghani H.H.; Khamis R.A.; Asiri Y.M.; Amin M.A.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Almutairi F.M.; Ashour A.; Shaban M.; Laiba
Plasmonics , Vol. 20 (4), pp. 2369
Erratum Open Access English ISSN: 15571955
Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Sciences, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni‑Suef, 62514, Egypt; Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
The original version of this article contains a mistake in the project number in the ‘Acknowledgment’ section. This should be corrected from (TU-DSPP-2024-230) to (TU-DSPP-2024-01). Acknowledgements The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University, Saudi Arabia, for supporting this work through project number (TU-DSPP-2024-01). The original article has been corrected. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-105002026320

Plasmonic Properties of Graphene Loaded Waveguide Bounded by Chiroferrite Medium

2025
Shaban M.; Mohammed Z.J.; AbdulGhani H.H.; Mahdi S.A.; Majdi H.; Hadia N.M.A.; Laiba; Waleed A.
Plasmonics , Vol. 20 (6), pp. 3059-3066
Article English ISSN: 15571955
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Physics, College of Science, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
Herein, plasmonic characteristics of graphene filled waveguide surrounded by chiroferrite medium are analyzed in the THz frequency spectrum. Graphene conductivity is modelled using the Kobo formula, and impedance boundary conditions are employed to compute dispersion relation. The influence of constitutive variables of chiroferrite medium on the propagation behavior of SPP mode is examined. The propagation behavior of SPPs mode is studied by changing the constitutive parameters of chiroferrite medium and graphene features. From numerical results, it is revealed that effective mode index (EMI, phase velocity, graphene conductivity, and EM wave frequency) can be tailored by adjusting chirality, gyrotropy, and graphene features (chemical potential, number of graphene layers) in the THz frequency range. This work may have potential applications in plasmonic community to design the innovative optical sensors, plasmonic platforms, detectors, and surface waveguides in the THz frequency region and provide active control due to additional degree of freedom in graphene and anisotropy of chiral medium. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Characteristics equation Chiroferrite Effective mode index Graphene Phase velocity SPPs
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-85203394465

Correction to: Graphene-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) Waveguide Surrounded by Uniaxial Chiral (UAC) and Plasma Layers (Plasmonics, (2024), 20, 3, (1523-1530), 10.1007/s11468-024-02384-4)

2025
Bani‑Fwaz M.Z.; Bousbih R.; Khamis R.A.; Soliman M.S.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Shaban M.; Assem E.E.; Al‑Saeedi S.I.; Hadia N.M.A.; Laiba
Plasmonics , Vol. 20 (4), pp. 2371-2372
Erratum Open Access English ISSN: 15571955
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; College of Sciences, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
The original version of this article contains a mistake in the authors’ affiliations. The affiliation 8 of the author ‘Essam Elsayed Assem’ should be removed. The original article has been corrected. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-105002029633
2024
90 بحث

Recent progress in ZnO-based heterostructured photocatalysts: A review

2024
Ahmad I.; Bousbih R.; Mahal A.; Khan W.Q.; Aljohani M.; Amin M.A.; Jafar N.N.A.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Alshomrany A.S.; Shaban M.; Ali I.; Bayahia H.
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing , Vol. 180
88 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 13698001
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture-38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Institute of Advanced Materials, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 6800, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca, 24381, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt; Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, 32093, Kuwait; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
Photocatalysis is commonly regarded as a perfect solution to the anticipated fuel crisis and ecological issues. ZnO is considered an efficient photocatalyst because of its low cost, abundance, effective stability, and suitable redox potentials. However, the limited visible light response, low surface area, small quantum yield, and swift recombination loss of photoinduced electron-hole pairs are the drawbacks of ZnO. Nonetheless, the construction of a heterostructure system by integrating ZnO with suitable semiconductors has been found to overcome the inherent limitations of ZnO. Nevertheless, the design of ZnO-based heterostructure photocatalysts has also encountered some barriers. Herein, we overview the design strategies and corresponding challenges to obtain efficient ZnO-based heterostructured photocatalysts. Finally, the recent barriers and perspectives of ZnO-based heterostructured photocatalysts have been also added to highlight the excellent future and important status of ZnO materials for photocatalytic applications. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: CO<sub>2</sub> reduction H<sub>2</sub> evolution Heterosystem Photocatalysis Pollutant degradation ZnO
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 108578 | EID: 2-s2.0-85194335045

Solid adsorbent material: A review on trends of post-combustion CO2 capture

2024
Hasan H.F.; Al-Sudani F.T.; Albayati T.M.; Salih I.K.; Hharah H.N.; Majdi H.S.; Cata Saady N.M.; Zendehboudi S.; Amari A.; Gheni S.A.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , Vol. 182, pp. 975-988
73 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 09575820
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., Baghdad P.O. Box 35010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada; Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada; Chemical Engineering Department, Tikrit University, 34001, Iraq
Post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture via flue gas is an advanced technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Its significance lies in the potential for retrofitting this technology to the current inventory of coal-fired power plants. This review paper aims to present the state of art in the technologies of adsorption techniques in post-combustion technologies to capture CO2 from flue gas streams. These techniques have demonstrated numerous potential benefits when compared to conventional CO2 capture methods that utilize aqueous amine solvents. Additionally, this overview presents the development in the field of novel solid sorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture, focusing on their enhanced performance and favorable economic feasibility. The promising potential of mesoporous silica has been recognized to evaluate the enhanced capacity of CO2 adsorption offered by these materials. Several research studies have reported different techniques of functionalizing porous silica by introducing amine groups. Various methods of functionalization for mesoporous silica, such as impregnation, grafting, and hybrid approaches, have been examined to improve the efficiency of the sorbents. Furthermore, this work summarises the research challenges with porous silica materials and indicates the possibilities for future studies to improve post-combustion carbon. © 2023 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption mechanism Chemisorption CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption Global warming Post-combustion
DOI Scopus
Institution of Chemical Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85181022246

Interfacial Engineering for Advanced Functional Materials: Surfaces, Interfaces, and Applications

2024
Al-Amiery A.A.; Fayad M.A.; Abdul Wahhab H.A.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Mohammed J.K.; Majdi H.S.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 22
68 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, Iraq; Electrical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This review article comprehensively examines the diverse facets of interfacial engineering as a transformative approach to advance functional materials. The exploration begins with an insightful Introduction, delving into the Background and Significance of interfacial engineering, the Motivation driving research in this field, and the defined Scope and Objectives of the review. The subsequent section, Fundamentals of Interfacial Engineering, elucidates the core principles, providing a detailed exploration of the Definition and Conceptual Framework of interfacial engineering, underscoring the Importance of Surfaces and Interfaces, and examining the dynamic Interfacial Phenomena and Dynamics shaping material properties. Techniques for Interfacial Characterization are then scrutinized, with a focus on Spectroscopic Methods such as X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Microscopic Techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and an overview of Other Analytical Tools essential for precise characterization. Surface Modification Strategies, the subsequent thematic section, investigates Chemical Functionalization, Physical Coating and Deposition, Nanoscale Engineering, and Self-Assembly Techniques, providing an in-depth understanding of methodologies employed to tailor material interfaces. The subsequent sections delve into specific applications. Interfacial Engineering in Polymer Materials explores Polymer Blends and Composites, Surface Modification of Polymers, and the Role of Interfaces in Polymer Processing. Interfacial Engineering in Nanomaterials investigates Nanoparticle Surfaces and Interfaces, Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials, and Nanoscale Interactions and Applications. Interfacial Engineering for Electronic Devices follows, with a focus on Semiconductor Interfaces, Interface Engineering in Photovoltaics, and Applications in Flexible Electronics. The Biomedical Applications of Interfacial Engineering section covers Surface Modification in Biomaterials, Drug Delivery Systems, and Interface Design for Biocompatibility. Addressing the broader context, Challenges and Future Perspectives discuss Current Challenges in Interfacial Engineering and Emerging Trends and Future Directions. Finally, the Conclusion summarizes the Key Findings and outlines Implications for Future Research, providing a holistic perspective on the significance and potential of interfacial engineering in shaping the future of advanced functional materials. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biomedical Applications Functional Materials Interfacial Engineering Nanomaterials Surface Modification
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 102125 | EID: 2-s2.0-85190730116

Adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater by chitosan: A review

2024
Basem A.; Jasim D.J.; Majdi H.S.; Mohammed R.M.; Ahmed M.; Al-Rubaye A.H.; kianfar E.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 23
67 استشهاد Retracted Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, College of Engineering, Al- Mustaqbal University, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Nursing College, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Eastern Province, Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
With the progress of human civilization, the development of technology and the increasing population, the world is currently facing an important problem called pollution, which threatens the lives of the inhabitants of the planet, so that in every country, environmental protection is a serious concern of the statesmen. Pollution caused by the accumulation of soil and water from persistent toxic compounds such as chemicals, salts, heavy metals and radioactive substances are the causes of diseases that have inconsistent effects on the growth and health of animals and humans. The release of heavy metals in the environment due to industrialization and the expansion of urbanization has brought great problems all over the world, and the increase in environmental pollution by heavy metals has caused serious concerns due to their carcinogenic properties, indestructibility and biological accumulation. Adsorption of heavy metals from industrial effluents is one of the important environmental issues. So far, various methods have been considered for the adsorption of these metals, and the use of biological adsorption is one of these methods. There are various natural and synthetic adsorption, each of which has specific advantages, recently chitosan adsorption and also chitosan composites have been used. Being economical in terms of economy, easy access and compliance with environmental standards are among the advantages of adsorption method. In this study, the basis of performance, advantages and disadvantages of different adsorption methods finally chitosan adsorbent and chitosan nanofibers and composites have been discussed. © 2024 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption Biological accumulation Chitosan Economy Environmental Heavy metals Pollution Wastewater
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 102404 | EID: 2-s2.0-85196256880

Enhancing water productivity and cost-effectiveness in hemispherical solar stills using sandy beds, reflectors, and a vapor extraction fan

2024
Hadj-Taieb L.; Mohammed S.A.; Alawee W.H.; Abdullah A.S.; Basem A.; Majdi H.; Omara Z.M.; Essa F.A.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 21
48 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Processes Engineering and Environment, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
The objective of this study was to enhance the performance of hemispherical solar stills (HSS) through experimental investigations utilizing various types of sand beds as thermal storage materials. The research examined the influence of sand type (yellow and black) and sand bed heights (1, 2, and 3 cm) on the efficacy of HSS. Additionally, the study explored the effects of external reflectors and a vapor extraction fan on the performance of sand-based HSS. The experimental results indicated that HSS using black sand demonstrated superior performance compared to other operating conditions in terms of both productivity and efficiency. Particularly, the most significant improvement in performance for the black sand hemispherical solar still (BSHSS) was observed when employing reflectors and a fan with a sand bed height of 1 cm, resulting in a substantial 154% increase in production, where the production for hemispherical SS and BSHSS + fan and reflectors was 4100 and 10400 mL/m2.day, respectively. Under these optimized conditions, the thermal efficiency of BSHSS + R + F reached 56%. In conclusion, an economic analysis was conducted, revealing that the cost for water treatment was $0.022 per liter for the conventional hemispherical solar still (HSS) and $0.012 per liter for the BSHSS equipped with reflectors and a condenser. These findings represent a significant advancement in enhancing the feasibility and efficiency of solar distillation systems, thereby addressing the global challenges of water scarcity and environmental sustainability. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Condenser Convex distiller Fan Hemispherical solar still Reflectors Sand
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 101983 | EID: 2-s2.0-85187552660

Enhancing water evaporation rate in hemispherical solar distillers through innovative modifications and Nano-PCM integration

2024
Essa F.A.; Alawee W.H.; Abdullah A.S.; Mohammed S.A.; Basem A.; Majdi H.S.; Omara Z.M.
Solar Energy , Vol. 271
45 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 0038092X
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Solar distillers have been acknowledged as a promising solution to tackle water scarcity challenges, particularly in regions with limited access to clean water, both in remote and urban areas. They offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly method of water purification by utilizing solar energy to produce freshwater through the vaporization and condensation processes. However, one of the primary challenges faced by solar distillers is their few productions. The main objective of this work is to enhance the evaporation rate of the hemispherical distiller (HSS). To achieve this goal, the researchers modified the HSS by introducing an upper absorber with dangled wick cords. The cords wick HSS was abbreviated by CWHSS. The study examines the impact of using square baffles inside the CWHSS. Furthermore, to further improve the system's performance, front and rear mirrors were utilized to enhance the intensity of radiation directed onto the absorber. Additionally, as part of the modifications, Phase Change Material (PCM) combined with Silver (Ag) nanoparticles was incorporated beneath the surface of the absorber. The results revealed that, the best operation for CWHSS was found while employing baffles, reflectors and nano-PCM, where the production rise and efficiency were 245 % and 65 %, where the distillates of HSS and CWHSS-B with nano-PCM and reflectors were 4050 and 14000 mL/m2.day, respectively. © 2024 International Solar Energy Society
الكلمات المفتاحية: Convex distiller Hemispherical solar still Phase change storing material Reflector Silver nanoparticles Wick cords
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 112453 | EID: 2-s2.0-85187221163

Enhancing coiled solar still performance with vertical wick distiller, reflectors, nanomaterial-infused PCM, and condenser integration

2024
Elamy M.I.; Mohammed S.A.; Basem A.; Alawee W.H.; Abdullah A.S.; Aldabesh A.; Majdi H.S.; Omara Z.M.; Essa F.A.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 61
40 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
This study explored methods to enhance the performance of a coiled solar still (COSS). One technique involved adding a vertical wick distiller (VWSS) with built-in reflectors positioned after the COSS. Additionally, the research examined the impact of incorporating a fan and a separate condenser on the COSS's distillate output. Finally, the investigation assessed the potential advantages of incorporating paraffin wax infused with nanomaterial beneath the COSS base. The key findings revealed significant improvements in distillate production with the COSS modifications. Compared to a standard solar still (CSS), the COSS alone demonstrated a 76 % increase in daily output. Integrating a heating coil and internal reflectors with the COSS further boosted productivity by an impressive 92 %. The most significant advancements were achieved by combining the COSS with a VWSS and additional features. The MCOSS (COSS with VWSS and internal reflectors) exhibited a remarkable 209 % increase in distillate production compared to the CSS. This value increased to a staggering 269 % when incorporating a heating coil, VWSS, and an external condenser. Adding a fan to the MCOSS further enhanced efficiency to 68 %. Notably, incorporating nanomaterial-infused paraffin wax (PCM-Ag) with the MCOSS with VWSS resulted in a 246 % increase in productivity compared to the standard design. The research also revealed a significant decrease in freshwater production costs. The cost per liter of freshwater was determined to be $0.024 for the CSS and a considerably lower $0.0126 for the MCOSS with a fan. © 2024
الكلمات المفتاحية: Coiled solar still External condenser Fan Nanomaterial-based phase change material Solar desalination Vertical wick solar still
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 104912 | EID: 2-s2.0-85200161363

Evolution of Emissions: The Role of Clean Energy in Sustainable Development

2024
Khaleel M.; Yusupov Z.; Alderoubi N.; Abdul_jabbar R.L.; Elmnifi M.; Nassar Y.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Abulifa S.
Challenges in Sustainability , Vol. 12 (2), pp. 122-135
40 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22976477
Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, 78050, Turkey; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Lincoln Campus, Southeast Community College, Lincoln, 68521, NE, United States; College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, 308000, Russian Federation; Research Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, Wadi Alshatti University, Barck, 721, Libya; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Electrical and Electronic Technologies, Higher Institute of Technical Sciences, Misrata, 00218, Libya
This paper assesses green energy technology with respect to its profound impacts, particularly photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, wind installed capacity and hydrogen fuel cells installed capacity on sustainable development as well as mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the study examines recent technological improvements and empirical facts that indicate how renewable sources of energy facilitates decrease in carbon emission and further supports global sustainability goals. As a result, major findings show significant declines in CO₂ releases after extensive PV, wind and hydrogen fuel cell technologies have been deployed. The examples from China, EU countries, USA, India and Japan demonstrate these accomplishments. Cumulative CO₂ emissions from 2015 to 2023 for China were 102.0 Gt; while the United States had 43.0 Gt; EU-25.4 Gt; India – 21.7 Gt; Japan –10.0 Gt, respectively. © 2024 by the author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Clean energy CO<sub>2</sub> emissions Emissions in advanced economies Hydrogen fuel cell installed capacity PV installed capacity Wind installed capacity
DOI Scopus
Acadlore Publishing Services Limited | EID: 2-s2.0-85204725577

Augmenting thermal performance in tubular solar stills: A multifaceted strategy with wick cords, integrated baffles, reflectors, and nano-PCM

2024
Elamy M.I.; Mohammed S.A.; Basem A.; Alawee W.H.; Aldabesh A.; Abdullah A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Omara Z.M.; Essa F.A.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 23
37 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Industrial Engineering Department, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Production Engineering & Mechanical Design Department, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
This study investigates the enhancement of freshwater production using a modified cords wick tubular solar still (CWTSS) compared to a traditional tubular solar still (TSS). The CWTSS design increased freshwater yield by 102 % over the baseline TSS. Also, the impact of using baffles (CWTSS-B) was tested. Incorporating reflectors into the CWTSS (CWTSS-B-R) further improved performance, achieving a 201 % increase in production with reflectors and 160 % without reflectors, highlighting the significant role of reflectors in solar energy capture and distillation efficiency. Various wick cord numbers (12, 22, 32, and 42) were tested to identify the optimal configuration. The use of nanoparticle-enhanced Phase Change Material (PCM) in the CWTSS (CWTSS-PCM) resulted in a 240 % production increase compared to the TSS, demonstrating the effectiveness of PCM in thermal energy storage and management. The most significant improvement was observed in the CWTSS-fan configuration, which employed a fan and an external condenser, leading to a 256 % increase in water production, reaching 15,300 mL/m2 compared to 4300 mL/m2 for the TSS. The modified design's freshwater production cost was $0.01/L, a 50 % reduction from the conventional design's cost of $0.02/L. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Fan Mirrors PCM Silver nanomaterials Tubular distiller Wicking ropes
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 102771 | EID: 2-s2.0-85202069808

Incorporating of TiO2 with oxygenated fuel and post-injection strategy in CRDI diesel engine equipped with EGR: A step towards lower NOX, PM and enhance soot oxidation reactivity

2024
Fayad M.A.; Aljuwaya T.M.; Alhuzaymi T.M.; Majdi H.S.; Sultan A.J.; Chaichan M.T.; Badawy T.; Sobhi M.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 53
37 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Nuclear Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt; Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
A mixture of diesel, biodiesel (from algae), and butanol was mixed with nano-titanium dioxide at 50 and 100 parts per million in this study under post-injection (PI) strategy and two rates (10 % and 20 %) of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In the literature, few studies have investigated how PI strategies effect on engine emissions and combustion performance from mixture of B16M20 by butanol (16 %), microalgae biodiesel (15 %) and diesel with variable EGR rates. To gain a better understanding of the effects of EGR rates on diesel engines running with B16M20 mixture, this study was conducted. The final fuel type test used B16M20 treated with 50 ppm and 100 ppm of nano-TiO2. Fuel specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 3 % for both diesel and B16M20 when EGR was used, but PI reversed this trend. Nanoparticles added to B16M20 blend significantly contributing in decreased BSFC to 6.47 %. 100 ppm nano-TiO2 added to 10 % of EGR, along with PI, can achieve the same or enhance better brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 4.53 % than pure diesel. The lowest NOX levels by 26.48 % were achieved with 100 ppm nano-TO2 and B16M20 with 20 % EGR. Because of EGR's high heat capacity and dilution effect, higher EGR rates result in higher soot levels. As a result of the PI strategy, the soot levels emitted from B16M20 reduced by 28.57 % compared with diesel fuel. At PI strategy presence (W PI) and adding 100 ppm nano-TiO2 into the B16M20 blend resulted in the lowest PM concentrations by 59 % compared to the diesel and without PI (W/O PI). PM emissions were significantly reduced at temperatures below 600 °C from B16M20 blend combustion with delay injection, 10 % EGR, and 100 ppm nano-TiO2. Soot oxidation was minimized through EGR, and enhanced by nano-TiO2. Adding this 100 ppm of nanoparticles to diesel fuel produced more reactive soot than diesel fuel alone. © 2023 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: EGR Microalgae biodiesel NO<sub>X</sub> emissions PM Soot oxidation TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 103894 | EID: 2-s2.0-85179587004

Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments

2024
Ramírez-Coronel A.A.; Mohammadi M.J.; Majdi H.S.; Zabibah R.S.; Taherian M.; Prasetio D.B.; Gabr G.A.; Asban P.; Kiani A.; Sarkohaki S.
Reviews on Environmental Health , Vol. 39 (3), pp. 423-434
37 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 00487554
Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Occupational Safety and Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
The scientific development and economic advances have led to the identification of many pathogenic agents in hospital effluents. Hospital wastewaters are qualitatively similar to municipal wastewaters, with the difference that these wastewaters contain toxic and infectious substances and compounds that can be dangerous for the health of the environment, employees of these centers, and the entire community. Therefore, in the last few years, it has been emphasized that all hospitals and medical and health centers should have a treatment facility for their produced wastewater so that the health of the society and people is not threatened. An issue that is not paid attention to has become one of the environmental problems and concerns of the world today. The present study focused on the investigate hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and the environment. In this narrative study, the first literature search was performed with four hundred and twenty-three articles were retrieved based on PubMed, Elsevier, Web of science, Spring, and Google Scholar databases. The results of this study showed that wastewater from hospitals and medical centers can play a significant impress in polluting soil and aquatic environments and spreading infectious diseases. According to the mentioned contents, collection and treatment of hospital wastewater is essential. In addition, if hospital wastewater enters the wastewater collection network without knowing its characteristics or with incomplete treatment and finally enters the municipal wastewater treatment plant. It causes many problems, including disturbing the balance of the biological system of the treatment plant. Purification and disposal of hospital wastewater is considered a vital action based on environmental standards. The results of this study also showed that the treatment methods of this type of hospital wastewater can play a significant role in reducing the spread of diseases caused by hospital wastewater treatment, including infectious diseases. The results of this study can be very useful for politicians, the managers of the Ministry of Energy and Health and the Environmental Organization in choosing the appropriate methods and process to reduce hospital wastewater and increase the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment plants. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
الكلمات المفتاحية: environment hospital human health pollution treatment wastewater
DOI Scopus
Walter de Gruyter GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-85148758616

An overview of the improvement of natural convection heat transfer via surface thermal radiation for different geometries

2024
Kandeal A.W.; Ismail M.; Basem A.; Elsayad M.M.; Alawee W.H.; Majdi H.S.; Abdullah A.S.; Jang S.-H.; An M.; Omara Z.M.; Ghazaly N.M.; Sharshir S.W.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 23
32 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez University, Egypt; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta City, Egypt; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Gyeonggi-do, Ansan, 15588, South Korea; College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Technical College, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Egypt
This paper represents an endeavor to review the advancements achieved in the topic of coupled radiation-free convection (CRFC) across various investigated models. Through detailed bibliometric analysis, the paper not only underscores the importance of CRFC publications but also highlights their frequency, signaling an increasing interest and significant contributions in this domain. The literature review is systematically structured, categorizing studies based on the types of cavities/enclosures with or without internal heating sources, thereby providing a comprehensive and structured overview of this field. It then delves into the crux of CRFC, giving the governing equations, assumptions, parameters, and variables, establishing a robust knowledge. Transitioning seamlessly to application, the paper explores simulated models, boundary conditions, and insightful result discussions. Notably, the proven influence of surface thermal radiation in enhancing free convection heat transfer throughout the reviewed studies underscores CRFC's transformative potential, paving the path for innovative advancements in thermal engineering systems. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Free convection Heat transfer Inner heated sources Natural convection Surface thermal radiation
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 102514 | EID: 2-s2.0-85198397992

Forecasting sustainable water production in convex tubular solar stills using gradient boosting analysis

2024
Alawee W.H.; Al-Haddad L.A.; Basem A.; Jasim D.J.; Majdi H.S.; Sultan A.J.
Desalination and Water Treatment , Vol. 318
27 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19443994
Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshops Center, University of Technology, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, 65409–1230, MO, United States
Water scarcity is an important global issue that necessitates the development of sufficient and sustainable desalination technologies. This study forecasts the productivity of two solar distillation technologies, namely the conventional tubular solar still (TSS) and the convex tubular solar still (CTSS). The research objectives included assessing the distillate yield of both solar stills and investigating the application of an advanced gradient boosting machine learning (ML) technique for forecasting distillate production. Compared to the TSS, the CTSS demonstrated a calculated increase in productivity which indicates its potential as an effective water desalination technology. The correlation analysis revealed that the TSS exhibited 10 significant correlations while the CTSS exhibited 4 correlations. The application of the gradient boosting model revealed exceptional predictive precision for both solar stills. R-squared (R2) for the TSS model was 0.86, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was 58.2%, and the Coefficient of Variation of Root Mean Squared Error (CVRMSE) was 29.3%. In contrast, the CTSS model displayed impressive performance metrics, including an R2 value of 0.99, an RMSE value of 1.2%, and a CVRMSE value of 4%. Valuable insights were provided for the enhancement of solar stills, in addition to highlighting advanced ML techniques for accurately predicting productivity. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Gradient Boosting Machine Learning Productivity Forecasting Tubular Solar Still
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 100344 | EID: 2-s2.0-85192454822

Temporal and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Danube River in Hungary

2024
Grmasha R.A.; Stenger-Kovács C.; Al-sareji O.J.; Al-Juboori R.A.; Meiczinger M.; Andredaki M.; Idowu I.A.; Majdi H.S.; Hashim K.; Al-Ansari N.
Scientific Reports , Vol. 14 (1)
27 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20452322
Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Utca 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary; HUN-REN–PE Limnoecology Research Group, Egyetem Utca 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary; NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, 00076, Finland; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al‐Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
The Danube is a significant transboundary river on a global scale, with several tributaries. The effluents from industrial operations and wastewater treatment plants have an impact on the river's aquatic ecosystem. These discharges provide a significant threat to aquatic life by deteriorating the quality of water and sediment. Hence, a total of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were analyzed at six locations along the river, covering a period of 12 months. The objective was to explore the temporal and spatial fluctuations of these chemicals in both water and sediment. The study revealed a significant fluctuation in the concentration of PAHs in water throughout the year, with levels ranging from 224.8 ng/L during the summer to 365.8 ng/L during the winter. Similarly, the concentration of PAHs in sediment samples varied from 316.7 ng/g in dry weight during the summer to 422.9 ng/g in dry weight during the winter. According to the Europe Drinking Water Directive, the levels of PAHs exceeded the permitted limit of 100 ng/L, resulting in a 124.8% rise in summer and a 265.8% increase in winter. The results suggest that the potential human-caused sources of PAHs were mostly derived from pyrolytic and pyrogenic processes, with pyrogenic sources being more dominant. Assessment of sediment quality standards (SQGs) showed that the levels of PAHs in sediments were below the Effect Range Low (ERL), except for acenaphthylene (Acy) and fluorene (Fl) concentrations. This suggests that there could be occasional biological consequences. The cumulative Individual Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) exceeds 1/104 for both adults and children in all sites. © The Author(s) 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Danube River Diagnostic ratios Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Risk assessment Sediment Water
DOI Scopus
Nature Research | Art. 8318 | EID: 2-s2.0-85189991861

Experimental analysis of cycle tire pyrolysis oil doped with 1-decanol + TiO2 additives in compression ignition engine using RSM optimization and machine learning approach

2024
Kumar K.S.; Razak A.; Yadav A.; Raghavendra Rao P.S.; Majdi H.S.; Khan T.M.Y.; Almakayeel N.; Singh K.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 61
21 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mohamad Sathak A.J. College of Engineering, IT park, Siruseri, Chennai, 603103, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Mangaluru, India; Department of CEA, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Industrial Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, Mohali, 140307, India
This study investigates the effect of TiO2 nano additives in conjunction with 1-decanol on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel. The analysis involves four different blends: 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 (90 % Diesel+7 % Tire oil + 3 % decanol and 25 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), 80D14TO6DO+50 ppm TiO2 (80 % Diesel+14 % Tire oil + 6 % decanol and 50 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), 70D22TO8DO+75 ppm TiO2, (70 % Diesel+22 % Tire oil + 8 % decanol and 75 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), and 100TO+100 ppm TiO2.(100 % Tire oil + 100 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), (DOE), design of experiments approach is used in this analysis. BTE is high for 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 (36.12 %), compared to Diesel (30 %), i.e. 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 possesses 20.67 % higher than diesel. The blend 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 exhibited the lowest fuel consumption (0.25 kg/kWh), compared to diesel (0.28 kg/kWh), i.e. it was 12 % less than diesel. Inline cylinder pressures were optimal at 70 bar for the blend 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2, indicating favorable combustion properties. In terms of emissions, diesel emits NOx (1850 ppm), and the blend 100TO+100 ppm TiO2 achieved the lowest NOX emission of 1550 ppm, representing a 16.3 % reduction compared to diesel. The RSM model's coefficient of determination (R-squared) for all the parameters considered was remarkably high (nearly 0.98), meaning that it accounts for 98.00 % of the variability in the parameters. The corrected R-squared value validates the model's robustness. The results of the coefficient of determination (R2) for Bayesian Ridge regression clearly illustrate that the method is capable of making accurate predictions across the majority of the measurements as compared to Random Forest (RF). © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: 1-Deconol And greener energy BTE Pyrolysis Random forest RSM Tire oil
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 104863 | EID: 2-s2.0-85199566368

Transformative nanofluid solutions: Elevating solar still performance for enhanced output

2024
Suresh C.; Chithambaram V.; Muthucumaraswamy R.; Praveenkumar S.; Saleh S.M.; Rao M.C.; Basem A.; Alawee W.H.; Majdi H.S.; Omara Z.M.; Shanmugan S.
Ain Shams Engineering Journal , Vol. 15 (12)
20 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 20904479
Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur Village, Chennai - Bengaluru Highways, Sriperumbudur (Off Chennai), Tamil Nadu, 602117, India; Department of Physics, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Dr. VPR Nagar, Manimangalam, Tambaram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 602301, India; Research Centre of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, 602117, India; Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Andhra Loyola College, Andhra Pradesh, Vijayawada, 520008, India; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Research Centre for Solar Energy, Department of Integrated Research and Discovery/Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, 522502, India
Population expansion is placing more and more pressure on the world's water supplies, which emphasizes the need of renewable energy sources, especially solar desalination. Because of their environmental advantages and dependability, solar stills are one type of solar desalination device that is attracting the attention of researchers. Still, there are problems with solar stills’ efficiency. Modern solar research has shown a great deal of interest in the developing subject of nanofluids due to its remarkable qualities and distinctive features. This study investigates the use of nanofluids in solar distillation, emphasizing the optimization of their form, optical characteristics, and thermal properties. The bulk of the research in this study, which looks at the effect of nanofluids on solar still efficiency both with and without their inclusion, is from the last ten years. The goal of the project is to improve heat transfer between absorber plates and saline water by improving the physical characteristics of nanofluids. It also explores the quantum characteristics of nanofluids in solar desalination, emphasizing their capacity for absorption. Heat transfer and overall performance of the solar still are significantly improved by adding metal oxide-based nanofluids to the working fluid. Applications of solar stills to comprehend the effects of nanofluid characteristics, such as particle size, shape, and particular sun absorption zones, are also covered in the study. There are several preparation methods for evaluating the stability of nanofluids. Under key headings, the effects of various nanofluid types on solar still performance are examined. The research showed that when Cu2O nanofluid was used at a concentration of 1.95 %, the yield increase over conventional solar stills was the greatest, at 279.6 %. The introduction of a sustainable environmental controller specifically designed for solar stills highlights its function in reducing pollution while purifying water. The work emphasizes how important it is to employ nanofluid structures in order to improve internal heat transfer processes. It also emphasizes how crucial it is to put marketing plans into action to draw attention to the important role that nanofluids in solar stills play in providing solutions to global problems and influencing the course of future research in this area. Complete tables with further resources are included with the results. © 2024
الكلمات المفتاحية: Environmental Nanofluid Pollution Control Production Solar still
DOI Scopus
Ain Shams University | Art. 103088 | EID: 2-s2.0-85205422132

Recent Progress in Aptamer-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Optical and Electrochemical Sensors for Detection of Mycotoxins

2024
Gupta R.; Rahi Alhachami F.; Khalid I.; Majdi H.S.; Nisar N.; Mohamed Hasan Y.; Sivaraman R.; Romero Parra R.M.; Al Mashhadani Z.I.; Fakri Mustafa Y.
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry , Vol. 54 (6), pp. 1707-1728
20 استشهاد Retracted English ISSN: 10408347
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India; Radiology Department, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Agriculture Extension Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Technical Engineering College, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq; Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras Chennai, Arumbakkam, India; Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru; Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Mycotoxin contamination in foodstuffs and agricultural products has posed a serious hazard to human health and raised international concern. The progress of cost-effective, facile, rapid and reliable analytical tools for mycotoxin determination is in urgent need. In this regard, the potential utility of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a class of crystalline porous materials has sparked immense attention due to their large specific surface area, adjustable pore size, nanoscale framework structure and good chemical stability. The amalgamation of MOFs with high-affinity aptamers has resulted in the progress of advanced aptasensing methods for clinical and food/water safety diagnosis. Aptamers have many advantages over classical approaches as exceptional molecular recognition constituents for versatile bioassays tools. The excellent sensitivity and selectivity of the MOF-aptamer biocomposite nominate them as efficient lab-on-chip tools for portable, label-free, cost-effective and real-time screening of mycotoxins. Current breakthroughs in the concept, progress and biosensing applications of aptamer functionalized MOFs-derived electrochemical and optical sensors for mycotoxins have been discussed in this study. We first highlighted an overview part, which provides some insights into the functionalization mechanisms of MOFs with aptamers, offering a foundation to create MOFs-based aptasensors. Then, we discuss various strategies to design high-performance MOFs-based aptamer scaffolds, which serve as either signal nanoprobe carriers or signal nanoprobes and their applications. We perceived that applications of optical aptamers are in their infancy in comparison with electrochemical MOFs-derived aptasensors. Finally, current challenges and prospective trends of MOFs-aptamer sensors are discussed. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Aptasensor electrochemical and optical sensors metal-organic frameworks mycotoxins detection
DOI Scopus
Taylor and Francis Ltd. | EID: 2-s2.0-85139665973

An experimental comparison for thermos-economic performance of five different designs of solar stills

2024
Elamy M.I.; Alawee W.H.; Basem A.; Mohammed S.A.; Abdullah A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Atteya T.E.M.; Omara Z.M.; Younes M.M.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 59
19 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Umm Al-Qura University College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, SA, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
Five different solar stills (SSs) have been tested in this experimental study. Hemispherical SS, tubular SS, pyramid SS, double slope SS, and conventional SS are the five SS systems. The primary goal is to determine which SS will perform more effectively at the testing location. Initially, the SSs were evaluated with no changes and the outcomes were contrasted with those of the conventional SS. Secondly, exterior reflectors have been added to four SSs. Third, hemispherical SS and tubular SS with reflectors have been utilized with phase change material (PCM) combined with Ag-Nanoparticles. Lastly, tests using reflectors, fan, and external condensers have been conducted on the hemispherical SS and tubular SS. The findings showed that the increase in productivity for hemispherical SS, tubular SS, pyramid SS, and double slope SS without modifications are 107 %, 97 %, 66.5 %, and 30 % greater than that of conventional SS, respectively. Furthermore, the results depicted that employing reflectors improved the productivity rise for tubular SS, hemispherical SS, pyramid SS, and double slope SS to be higher than conventional SS's productivity by 168 %, 153 %, 113 %, and 85 %, respectively. Besides, the effect of employing PCM-Ag with hemispherical SS and tubular SS (with reflector) is increasing their productivity to be 202 % and 212 % higher than conventional SS's production, respectively. Also, the hemispherical SS and tubular SS with reflector, fan, and a condenser showed 217 % and 236 % higher productivity than conventional SS. The actual cost of producing water for the conventional SS, hemispherical SS, and tubular SS with reflectors and fan is 0.0244, 0.012, and 0.013 $/L, respectively. © 2024 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Double slope Hemispherical Phase change material Pyramid Solar still Tubular
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 104561 | EID: 2-s2.0-85193435408

An overview of the progress in the synthesis of nanocomposites for industrial applications: Techniques preparation, definitions, and characterization

2024
Sharshir S.W.; El-Attar H.G.; Basem A.; El-Naggar A.A.; Alaraj A.M.; Attia A.; Lotfy L.A.; Alawee W.H.; Majdi H.S.; Abdullah A.S.; Abdelfatah M.; El-Shaer A.; Koheil H.
Synthetic Metals , Vol. 307
17 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 03796779
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Nano Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta City, Egypt; Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
High-performance materials called nanocomposites have unique features. Nanocomposites are in high demand in plastic engineering, with an anticipated periodic growth rate of 25 %. Its potential is so great that it is useful in numerous operations, from packaging to biomedical operations. It is anticipated that similar equipment and other intriguing operations will be required. The operations of nanocomposites display new specialized and marketable potential for numerous electronics, automotive, aerospace, and biotechnology sectors because of their environmental friendliness. Some studies on water uptake have shown that both ZnO nanorods and polymer polyaniline (PANI) function to prevent up to 75 % of liquid from penetrating the paint layer. With 4 % MWCNT content, a polypyrrole-multiwalled carbon nanotube (PPy-MWCNT) nanocomposites sensor was developed that was most sensitive to NH3 gas. The produced material maintained 86.9 % of its starting specific capacitance. The graphene quantum dots (GQDs) composite results show that the high charge storage retention is 91.45 %. This paper will explain the importance of using nanocomposites in industry applications where the paper decides on coating, sensors, and energy storage. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Bibliometric analysis Coating Energy storage Nanocomposite Sensors
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 117665 | EID: 2-s2.0-85195389639

Radon gas emission from home appliances: Understanding sources, implications, and mitigation strategies

2024
Abed T.K.; Fayad M.A.; Al-Amiery A.A.; Abdul Wahhab H.A.; Mohammed J.K.; Majdi H.S.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 22
16 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Environmental Research Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Electrical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq
Radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential health risks when present in indoor environments. While it is well-known that radon can enter homes through the ground, an often overlooked source of radon is home appliances. This comprehensive review paper explores the emission of radon gas from various home appliances, shedding light on an aspect of indoor radon exposure that has not received as much scrutiny. This review discusses the sources of radon in homes, covering both natural and artificial origins, and highlights the key factors influencing radon entry. It delves into the mechanisms through which home appliances can emit radon, identifying common appliances that have been associated with radon release. Furthermore, the paper outlines measurement and detection techniques for assessing indoor radon levels, emphasizing the importance of regular radon testing in homes. The health effects of radon exposure are discussed in detail, with a focus on the epidemiological evidence linking radon to lung cancer and associated risk assessments. Mitigation strategies, including techniques for reducing radon levels and radon-resistant construction methods, are explored as effective measures to lower indoor radon concentrations. Regulations and guidelines governing radon exposure in homes are highlighted, providing insights into the legal framework and recommendations for safe radon levels. The review also presents case studies from different regions and successful radon mitigation initiatives, offering practical insights into addressing radon issues. The paper concludes by discussing future research directions and emerging technologies aimed at reducing radon emissions from home appliances, emphasizing the importance of continued efforts to raise awareness, test for radon, and mitigate its presence. Overall, this review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of radon gas emission from home appliances, its implications, and the measures to safeguard indoor air quality and public health. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Emissions Environment Health Homes Radon Regulations
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 102133 | EID: 2-s2.0-85191002309

CO2 emission reduction by geothermal-driven CCHP tailored with turbine bleeding and regeneration CHP; economic/multi-aspect comparative analysis with GA-based optimization

2024
Basem A.; Taher H.H.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Shati A.S.; Shomurotova S.; Aljaafari H.A.S.; Sultan A.J.; Khan B.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 23
15 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Dean of the College, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, College of Engineering, Al- Mustaqbal University, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Oil pipelines Company, Ministry of Oil, Daura, Baghdad, 12009, Iraq; Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Department of Chemistry Teaching Methods, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Bunyodkor street 27, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Center for Renewable Energy and Microgrids, Huanjiang Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Zhuji, 311816, China; Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
The current research compares a geothermal-driven combined cooling, heating, and power generation cycle (B–CCHP) and a modified version using turbine bleeding and regeneration process named the TBR-CCHP cycle. These cycles incorporate organic Rankine systems, an ejector cooling system, and a heat pump system. The procedure of this study entails (i) introduction of an innovative CCHP setup, (ii) structural modification of the devised cycle, (iii) evaluation based on thermodynamic laws, (iv) optimization through GA, (v) sensitivity (vi) evaluation of the design parameters, Profitability assessment. The results indicate that the TBR-CCHP system achieves the most significant energy and exergy efficiencies with values of 87.83 % and 70.29 %, respectively. The system demonstrates heating load, cooling load, net electricity production, and total exergy destruction values of 80.38 kW, 24.26 kW, 34.44 kW, and 22.32 kW, respectively. Through optimization using genetic algorithm, improvements in energetic efficiency, exergetic efficiency, and overall energy destruction of 7.93 %, 25.53 %, and 34.83 % are seen in the B–CCHP system, and 7.37 %, 19.87 %, and 33.43 % in the TBR-CCHP system. The study reveals that in the TBR-CCHP system, the compressor is identified as the primary source of irreversibility, with reduced irreversibility during optimization. A comprehensive examination of critical parameters of the cycles indicates the significance of optimizing the generator pressure. Also, the payback period in the modified system is reduced to 6.72 years compared to the base cycle, which has a value of 8.43 years. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: CCHP process Economic examination Genetic algorithm Geothermal energy Modified heat integration mode
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 102646 | EID: 2-s2.0-85200584777

Engineering of asymmetric A1-D1-A2-D2-A1 type non-fullerene acceptors of 4T2CSi–4F derivatives to enhance photovoltaic properties: A DFT study

2024
Saeed U.; Bousbih R.; Mahal A.; Majdi H.; Jahan N.; Jabir M.S.; Soliman M.S.; Ayub A.R.; Elsayed N.H.; Ali S.; Khera R.A.; Waqas M.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids , Vol. 192
14 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00223697
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
Designing efficient, non-fused ring-based organic solar cells (OSCs) with high open circuit voltage is a significant challenge. The present research proposes seven novel moieties generated from an existing 4T2CSi–4F (R) asymmetric molecule to increase efficiency. The density functional theory (DFT) was used to examine several essential characteristics like optical, electronic, and efficiency-related properties of molecules. It is revealed that newly presented molecules have superior features that are required to manufacture efficient organic solar cells. They exhibit a lower band gap between 2.05 and 2.34 eV and have a planar shape. Six moieties exhibit lower excitation energy values in the gas and chloroform phases, and five moieties have more excellent dipole moments than the R molecule. UA1 and UA2 show remarkable enhancement in the optoelectronic properties, exhibiting the greater λmax at 773 nm and a smaller excitation energy of 1.60 eV. All the newly presented molecules have lower ionization potential and reorganization energies of the electron. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of five newly designed molecules is greater, varying from 1.40 to 1.55 eV, than R (Voc = 1.38 eV). Furthermore, the newly designed molecules, except UA1 and UA2, show more excellent fill factor (FF) than the R molecule. This significant increase in efficiency-associated metrics (FF and Voc) suggests that these molecules may be effectively implemented to manufacture an upgraded version of OSCs. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Fill factor Non-fused electron acceptors Open circuit voltage Optoelectronic properties Organic solar cells
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 112094 | EID: 2-s2.0-85193264327

Optimizing cord pyramid solar distillers: A comprehensive study on square baffles, reflectors, and phase transition materials

2024
Elamy M.I.; Mohammed S.A.; Basem A.; Alawee W.H.; Abdullah A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Omara Z.M.; Essa F.A.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 63
14 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex, Alexandria, 21648, Egypt
Limited access to safe drinking water is a critical global issue, particularly in areas with inadequate infrastructure. Solar stills offer a promising alternative for such regions. This study investigates the influence of square baffles within a modified solar still design on its overall efficiency. Additionally, the integration of reflectors is explored to enhance both evaporation and condensation rates. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a paraffin wax phase change material (PCM) combined with silver nanoparticles is assessed within the modified still. Thermo-economic analyses are conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed system. The findings demonstrate a significant improvement in distillation yield. The modified still with square baffles achieved a yield of 9800 mL/m2.day compared to 3550 mL/m2.day for the reference still, representing a 193 % increase. Moreover, incorporating the nano-PCM at an optimal configuration (25 cords) resulted in a further 265 % productivity increase for the modified still with both square baffles and reflectors. This configuration also achieved an efficiency of 63 %. Economic analysis revealed a minimal cost difference between the reference still (0.014 $/L) and the modified still with square baffles and nano-PCM (0.01 $/L). In terms of environmental impact, the modified still exhibited a lower annual CO2 emission of 28.8 tons. © The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Baffles Nanoparticles PCM Pyramid solar stills Reflectors Wick cords
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 105304 | EID: 2-s2.0-85206602724

Evaluation of RCCI engine combustion, performance, and emissions using spirulina micro-algae biodiesel with methane-enriched hydrogen

2024
Munimathan A.; Jayabalan J.; Shanmugam M.K.; Majdi H.S.; Asif M.; Ağbulut Ü.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 77, pp. 712-723
14 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03603199
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, Coimbatore, 641032, India; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641 032, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, College of Engineering, Al- Mustaqbal University, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Besiktas, Turkey
The creation of the internal combustion engine played a crucial role in the growth of the modern world to its current condition, which occurred at a faster speed than it had been previously. One of the numerous offshoots of a reciprocating engine is the source of inspiration for nearly every aspect of the modern society that we live in today. The relevance and necessity of engines, particularly in the transportation industry, have largely hidden the negative effects that engines have on the environment as a result of their emissions. This is especially true of the emissions that engines produce. A number of major issues have arisen as a consequence of this negligent application, including the release of greenhouse gases into the environment, the creation of situations that are hazardous to human health, and the depletion of fossil resources. Using methane-enriched hydrogen and spirulina microalgae biodiesel as low and high-reactive fuels, respectively, the objective of this work is to ascertain the characteristics of an RCCI engine that utilizes these fuels. Dimethyl ether, diesel, and microalgae spirulina biodiesel are combined in the following proportions in order to make eighty percent of the hydrogen refueling fuel (HRF): Dimethyl ether, diesel, and biodiesel make up 48% of the total. Variations will be made to the settings of the engine in order to explore the effects of using methane-enriched hydrogen as twenty percent of the low-reactive fuel. This fuel blend will be used. Methane to hydrogen ratios in the low reactive fuel blend can range anywhere from 1% to 5%, with concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% accordingly. The ratio can also be anywhere in between. The characteristics study is carried out by adjusting the speed at which the brakes are applied and the pressure at which the fuel is injected into the engine, all while maintaining the compression ratio at 17.5:1. The characteristics of the emissions of NOx, CO2, smoke, and hydrocarbon, as well as the features of the performances of BTE, BSFC, and EGT, are all included in this classification. The findings of the experiments indicate that the utilization of fuel mixtures has the potential to reduce the amount of emissions produced by engines while simultaneously enhancing the performance of the engines. © 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biodiesel Emission control Engine performance High reactive fuel Low reactive fuel
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85196208442

Design a promising electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells based on transition metal doped in BN monolayer

2024
Hsu C.-Y.; Ulloa N.; Naranjo Vargas E.M.; Saraswat S.K.; Saeed S.M.; Vargas-Portugal S.K.; Majdi H.S.; Lagum A.A.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 50, pp. 161-168
13 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03603199
Department of pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba, 060155, Ecuador; Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406, India; Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq; Universidad Tecnológica de los Andes, Peru; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Isra University, P.O. Box 22, Amman, 11622, Jordan
The kinetic of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathodes of polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been demonstrated to be slow, which is one of the pivotal issues in developing PEMFCs. Within the current piece of research, by performing first-principles calculations, we introduce a Co-doped vacancy BN nanosheet (Co-HBN) as an efficacious noble metal-free electro-catalyst for the ORR process (ORRP) in fuel cells. The results demonstrate a rise in the energies of adsorption (or adhesion) onto the Co–N active site of these electrocatalysts in the order of O < OH < OOH < O2 < H2O2 < H2O on this electrocatalyst and there is a consistent change in the adsorption energies (Eads)for all oxygen-containing intermediates (OCIs). Based on the small and large thermodynamic driving force for the generation of H2O2 and for reducing OOH into O∗ (or to 2OH∗), respectively, the four-electron route was more favorable in comparison with the 2e− route. Furthermore, with the largest value of ΔG for Co-HBN electrocatalyst, the final reduction step (OH∗ + H+ + e− → H2O + ∗) has been regarded as the rate-limiting step. The d-band center of Co was considerably distant from the Fermi level. The greater gap between the frontier orbitals suggested that the electrocatalyst is not conducive to the adsorption of OCIs, which shows that the onset potential is larger and ORR is high. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption energies Electrocatalyst Fuel cells Oxygen reduction reaction Thermodynamic driving force
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85168832023

Flow characteristics and energy dissipation over stepped spillway with various step geometries: case study (steps with curve end sill)

2024
Jahad U.A.; Chabuk A.; Al-Ameri R.; Majdi H.S.; Majdi A.; Al-Ansari N.; Abed S.A.
Applied Water Science , Vol. 14 (3)
12 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21905487
Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, 3220, VIC, Australia; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, SE-971 87, Lulea, Sweden; College of Science, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
Stepped weirs are used in a wide range of applications, designed to increase energy dissipation. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted in a flume on six stepped weir models, with a downstream angle of θ = 26.6°. The physical models used were on a scale of 10:1, and tests of discharges up to 0.055 m3/s were carried out. Several step geometries including traditional step, sill and curve geometries were used to study flow behavior and overall energy dissipation. The laboratory investigations were augmented by modelling numerically the within step flow and energy behavior using a 2-D CFD model, incorporating the k-ε model for turbulence closure. The results showed that energy dissipation was greatest for the curved steps by about 10.5%, where it was observed that the skimming flow regime was shifted to a higher discharge range. Numerical modelling results showed good agreement with the experimental results. An inspection of the modelled streamlines highlighted the increase in vortex intensity for the curve model, reflecting the strong circulation observed. The predicted stepwise energy dissipation showed the energy dissipation increase when the step number Ns increases. For the range of step height hs, tested, our results showed that energy dissipation increased with step height. The results from this study can be used to inform engineering design for steps with θ = 26.6° and provide estimates of the expected energy dissipation and residual energy. © The Author(s) 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Energy dissipation Flow regime Modified step Spillway Stepped
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | Art. 60 | EID: 2-s2.0-85186449956

Synthesis and characterization of fullerene modified with copper nanoparticles catalyzed C–H bond activation as a sustainable and green catalyst for electro synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives

2024
Abdullaev S.; Abomughaid M.M.; Jasim D.J.; Al-Rubaye A.H.; Jeddoa Z.M.A.; Majdi H.; Jabir M.S.; Hejazi A.; Albayati T.M.
Journal of Molecular Structure , Vol. 1302
11 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00222860
Senior Researcher, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Senior Researcher, Scientific and Innovation Department, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Applied science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology - Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., PO Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq
In this study, our focus was on synthesizing and characterizing a fullerene modified with copper nanoparticles. This modified fullerene catalyzes for the eco-friendly synthesis of benzothiazole 5(a-m) derivatives. These derivatives are obtained through the reaction of 2-iodoaniline 1(a-f), toluene 2(a-e), and Na2S resulting in good yields (89–94 %). The nanocomposite catalyst underwent thorough characterization using various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Ultraviolet (UV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and X Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) spectroscopy. By utilizing this catalyst, we achieve a more environmentally friendly approach to synthesis, reducing the requirement for hazardous and toxic reagents, and minimizing waste generation through reusability. The products obtained in this study were characterized using melting point determination, 1HNMR spectroscopy, and CHN analysis. These analytical techniques were employed to establish the identity and purity of the synthesized compounds. © 2023
الكلمات المفتاحية: Benzothiazole derivatives C-H bond activation Copper nanoparticles Fullerene modified Green catalyst Nanocomposite
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 137413 | EID: 2-s2.0-85181772993

Anion replacement effect on the structural, magnetoelectronic, and optical features of all inorganic halide double perovskites K2LiMoX6 (X= Br, I) for spintronic and optical devices

2024
Xiao Q.; Almutairi F.M.; Sajid M.; Amin M.A.; Jabir M.S.; Aljohani M.; Majdi H.; Ashour A.; Shaban M.; Hadia N.M.A.; Peng Q.; Hamza M.; Nazar M.
Physica B: Condensed Matter , Vol. 690
10 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09214526
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, China; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong province, Shenzhen, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology- Iraq, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt; Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
Herein, the geometrical, magnetic, optoelectronic, thermoelectric features of K2LiMoX6 (X = Br, I) have been simulated by DFT. The FP-LAPW approach is employed via Wien2k software. To confirm the thermodynamic and structural stability of the K2LiMoX6 (X = Br, I) compounds, the tolerance factor (τ) and formation enthalpy are calculated. The predicted spin-polarized band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS) display p-type semiconductor character via direct band gap at X-X symmetry points in both spin versions. The ferromagnetic (FM) character was confirmed from magnetic moments (MTot) which are 3.00090, and 3.00014 μB for K2LiMoBr6 and K2LiMoI6 correspondingly. The materials light absorbance was observed in the range of visible to ultraviolet (UV) zone, thereby enhancing their significance for photocell and optoelectronic devices. In addition, both halides exhibit optimal figure of merit (ZT) which make these materials as promising candidates for efficient heat energy conversion technologies. The outcomes of the studied compounds provide a new path for researchers for the applications of spintronic and optical gadgets. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Double perovskites Ferromagnetism FP-LAPW approach Optoelectronics Spintronics Thermoelectric properties
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 416192 | EID: 2-s2.0-85196488072

Al3+-modified ZnO thin film sensor fabricated by the sputtering method: Characterization and a carbon monoxide gas detection study

2024
Al-Maamori M.H.; Al-Jamal A.N.; Habeeb S.A.; Hassan A.S.; Majdi H.S.
Journal of Chemical Research , Vol. 48 (1)
10 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17475198
Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Iraq; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
Al: ZnO films are prepared by spraying from the pure ZnO and Al with doping at different weight ratios 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.09. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are used to analyze the structural properties of the films. The results of X-ray diffraction prove that polycrystalline Al:ZnO with a hexagonal wurtzite structure is preferentially oriented on the c-axis, and this is further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, 0.09 wt% of Al-doping shows high orientation and homogeneity with the (002) plane, which leads to an increase in the surface roughness properties of the thin films as the root main square by 57.4%. The annealing process at high temperatures increases the conductivity of the Al:ZnO films. The rate of electronic mobility increases slightly with low doping and decreases with increasing doping until it reaches its lowest value (0.1 cm2 (V.s)−1) at a doping ratio of 0.035 wt%. The samples show considerable response for CO at 80 ppm gas concentration with gas responses of 85% and 40% at 90 °C for 0.03 wt% Al:ZnO and ZnO films, respectively. The overall study observed that fabricated sensor Al3+-doped ZnO is reliable and very rapid in detecting carbon monoxide vapors at moderately high temperatures and low gas concentrations. © The Author(s) 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Al:ZnO thin film CO gas gas sensors pollution spraying method
DOI Scopus
SAGE Publications Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85181694784

Improving the efficiency and productivity of solar distillation by creative design and heater and baffle integration

2024
Hoballah A.; Mohammed S.A.; Basem A.; Abdullah A.S.; Alawee W.H.; Majdi H.S.; Omara Z.M.; Elamy M.I.; Essa F.A.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 24
9 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia; Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex 21648, Alexandria, Egypt; Industrial Engineering Department, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Production Engineering & Mechanical Design Department, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
The hemispherical solar still (HSS) is a simple device used to desalinate saline water, but it has low productivity. This study aimed to enhance the evaporation rate of a hemispherical solar still (HSS) through several design modifications. The main innovation involved integrating an upper absorber with hanging wick cords, creating a modified system called the cords wick hemispherical solar still (CWHSS). Additionally, electric heaters powered by photovoltaic panels were incorporated to further boost performance, along with the introduction of squared baffles inside the CWHSS. Experimental results showed that the highest efficiency was achieved with the CWHSS incorporating baffles, heaters, and a condenser (CWHSS-B), leading to a 258 % increase in distillate output and a 66.5 % thermal efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the distillation rates were 4000 mL/m²/day for the HSS and 14,300 mL/m²/day for the CWHSS-B with heaters. Furthermore, the cost of water treatment was calculated at $0.022 per liter for the HSS and $0.016 per liter for the CWHSS-B, indicating significant cost benefits with the modified design. © 2024 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Baffles Convex distiller Electric heater Hemispherical distiller Solar still performance Wick cords
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 103210 | EID: 2-s2.0-85208289821

Investigation of Copper Backing Plate Effects in Stainless Steel Welding Distortion, Heat Distribution, and Residual Stress

2024
Mohammed M.S.; Hamdey M.D.; Kareem A.H.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 42 (4), pp. 1434-1446
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, 64040, Iraq; Mechanical Department of Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra, 62001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The current study uses a Finite Element (FE) Method to forecast residual stresses and deformation caused by the GTA welding process. The authors use a 5 mm thick stainless steel plate for the analysis. Residual stress and distortion predictions are made by successfully coupling thermal and mechanical studies. Mechanical and thermal analyses of moving heat source-exposed plates were conducted sequentially. Applications such as ANSYS and SOLIDWORKS are used to do the FE analysis. In transient thermal analysis, the arc's heat input has been modeled using a Gaussian distribution. Consideration of temperature-dependent physical and mechanical parameters is integral to the modeling process. The welding heat in stainless steel welding and how it behaves inside the joint has significant effects in determining the welding joint distortion, mechanical properties, and the weldments fit with the design criteria due to stainless steel thermal properties. Subsequent mechanical analysis is fed the transient thermal histories to the model. Analyzing mechanical systems involves using the big displacement hypothesis. How restrictions influence distortion and residual stresses is quantitatively investigated. The anticipated stresses and distortion values are presented and discussed for various scenarios. Welding distortion was minimized when a copper backing plate was used, as shown by a lower maximum deformation measured compared to situations without the plate. The backing plate reduced maximum stress values and lowered residual stresses. A backing plate also made the fusion zone smaller and the temperature drop from the peak welding temperature to room temperature steeper. According to the research, using a copper backing plate during stainless steel welding may significantly reduce deformation and residual stresses. The results could improve stainless steel welding by choosing the best materials for backing plates and improving welding. Investigation results and the mathematical models of welding simulation can significantly improve stainless steel deformation-reducing techniques in many applications and introduce particular techniques to predicate the impacts of backing plates in such welding processes as food, chemical, Pharmaceutical, Oil and Gas, and water treatment industries. ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ANSYS simulation copper backing plate deformation mechanical analysis SOLIDWORKS thermal
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85203415393

Enhancing Solar Panel Cooling and Thermal Efficiency Using Nanoparticle-Enhanced Phase Change Materials

2024
Merzah B.N.; Almakhyoul Z.M.; Abdullah A.R.; Ayed S.K.; Majdi H.S.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 11 (6), pp. 1547-1557
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Engineering Technical College/Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, 31001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41002, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology, Al- Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10060, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Photovoltaic systems, a clean and renewable energy source, face challenges in optimizing efficiency due to temperature-induced performance loss. This research explores passive cooling strategies using phase change materials, which collect excess heat during peak solar irradiance, store it, and release it during less sunshine or high temperatures. This method efficiently controls panel temperature, enhancing performance and extending lifetime. The choice of cooling technique should be based on the specific requirements and constraints of the photovoltaic system. Solar panels receive 780 W/m2 of incoming solar radiation in summer and peak at noon. Convective heat transfer and air temperature of 25 degrees Celsius allow heat to escape. The stiff material, aluminum fins, and PCM have specific heat of 2000 J/kg.K and thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/m.K, respectively. Temperature distribution reveals significant reduction in surface temperatures with increasing Al2O3 concentrations. The best case was at 0.5wt%, achieving 49.896℃. Electrical efficiency increases with concentration. The distribution of temperatures at different CuO concentrations reveals lower surface temperatures due to increasing concentrations. The optimal concentration was 0.5 wt percent, where temperatures fell to 49.870℃. Increasing electrical efficiency is crucial for temperature improvement, with a peak at 9.26% at 0.5 weight percent mm. Temperature distribution decreases with ZnO concentration, with optimal 0.5wt% concentration, enhancing electrical efficiency with increasing concentrations. © 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: phase change material photovoltaic cooling PV panels thermal management ZnO nanoparticles
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85197874668

Analysis of Shielding Gases Influences 304 Gas Metal Arc Welding Microstructure, Weld Geometry, and Mechanical Properties

2024
Dauod D.S.; Wade K.J.; Mohammed M.S.; Majdi H.S.
Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances , Vol. 34 (4), pp. 435-446
7 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 11697954
Production Engineering and Metallurgy Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Institute of Technical Trainers Preparing, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Training and Workshops Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Shielding gases had considerable significance in welding metal protection from contamination during welding. Welding protection gas is essential in welding joint quality, connected to the arc characteristics and weldment microstructure. Understanding the influence of welding shielding gas in different metal welding processes is extremely important, and many research papers and experiments have been performed. The current study objective is to analyse and summarize shielding gas variations' effects on welding joint bead geometry, dilution percentage, joint soundness, and microstructure by examining the impacts of different protection gas combinations on AISI 304 stainless steel MIG welding. Three AISI 304 weldment samples were welded with MIG technology and 308L filler wire, and three different gas mixtures as protection gas; the dilution percentage for every sample was calculated to evaluate gas mixture influence on heat concentration on welding zone geometry calculation—ferrite percentage and calculated to estimate and predicate the final welding microstructure and texture. An optical microscope and SEM were employed to reveal weldment microstructure, welding porosity, and defects and study their impact on mechanical properties. Vickers microhardness and tensile tests were done to record gas mixture effects on welding zone hardness and strength. Variation in gas mixture effects on weldments' corrosion resistance was recorded using a corrosion test on every welding sample. These research results can be used as guidelines to achieve the required welding quality in practical welding and provide an excellent foundation for understanding and solving shielding gas issues in the metal welding industry and evaluating welding protection gas mixtures' productivity and quality. The heat input of the three samples is equal due to the use of the same voltage, current, and travel speed; for that, we need to profoundly analyse the weldments microstructure and analyse the impacts of variation in microstructure, which resulted from protection gas mixture effects on the cooling rate on weldments mechanical properties. It fits with the requirements of design criteria. Copyright: ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: cooling rate fusion boundary martensite sensitization transition zone
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85202487364

Flow Regimes in Bubble Columns with and without Internals: A Review

2024
Mahmood A.N.; Abdulrahman A.A.; Sabri L.S.; Sultan A.J.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Dahhan M.H.
Fluid Dynamics and Materials Processing , Vol. 20 (2), pp. 239-256
7 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 1555256X
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, United States
Hydrodynamics characterization in terms of flow regime behavior is a crucial task to enhance the design of bubble column reactors and scaling up related methodologies. This review presents recent studies on the typical flow regimes established in bubble columns. Some effort is also provided to introduce relevant definitions pertaining to this field, namely, that of “void fraction” and related (local, chordal, cross-sectional and volumetric) variants. Experimental studies involving different parameters that affect design and operating conditions are also discussed in detail. In the second part of the review, the attention is shifted to cases with internals of various types (perforated plates, baffles, vibrating helical springs, mixers, and heat exchanger tubes) immersed in the bubble columns. It is shown that the presence of these elements has a limited influence on the global column hydrodynamics. However, they can make the homogeneous flow regime more stable in terms of transition gas velocity and transition holdup value. The last section is used to highlight gaps which have not been filled yet and future directions of investigation. © (2024), (Tech Science Press). All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bubble column flow regime heat-exchanging internals Hydrodynamics
DOI Scopus
Tech Science Press | EID: 2-s2.0-85185411170

Modeling of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution via high voltage alkaline electrolyzer with different nano-electrocatalysts

2024
Lattieff F.A.; Jweeg M.J.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Qrimli F.A.M.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 51, pp. 78-90
7 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03603199
Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; College Technical Engineering, URUK University, Iraq
An energy system based on water for creating hydrogen energy might be less globally restricted than one that uses the available fossil fuels today. Therefore, creating an efficient catalyst and electrolyzer system is necessary to effectively convert renewable energy into chemical energy (hydrogen). In this study, a model based on kinetic reaction rate parameters is proposed for estimating energy efficiency and energy conversion for hydrogen generation in a high-voltage alkaline electrolyzer. Three complementary models, including the thermal, electrochemical, and thermodynamic, are conducted to forecast the thermal time constant, overall thermal resistance, operating temperature, electrolyzer voltage, energy consumption, and energy loss. To ensure that they can operate directly with renewable energy sources, the modeling was expanded to incorporate hydrogen production at a voltage level of 6 V. The model's various parameters were computed using non-linear regression presented in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) utilizing experimental data gathered in a high-voltage alkaline test rig. From their precursors and coated on Ti substrates, nanoparticles of Ag, TiO2, and Ag + TiO2 are created as electrocatalysts for the production of hydrogen. In comparison with the bare Ti electrode, the results revealed that energy efficiencies of the Ag, TiO2, and Ag + TiO2 electrodes have increased by 23%, 28%, and 28%, respectively. The largest improvement in hydrogen energy conversion achieved with TiO2 electrodes over Ti electrodes was 84%. Thermodynamic-thermal models that were integrated showed that the coated electrodes decreased the thermal energy loss (TΔS) and useable energy (ΔG) simultaneously during the electrolysis process. The electrochemical model demonstrated a strong fit to the data from those experiments, indicating that the coated nanomaterials are the most important factor in increasing the electrolyzer energy efficiency-based production of hydrogen. The models presented in this research offered a practical method for increasing hydrogen energy production and energy conversion using nanomaterial to build effective electrolyzer devices. The models described in this study are appropriate for the dynamic simulation of renewable energy-hydrogen systems. As a result, these models are easily connected to economic theories that account for both financial and operation expenses. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
الكلمات المفتاحية: Alkaline electrolyzer Energy conversion Hydrogen modeling Nano-electrocatalysts Renewable energy System simulation
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85168514421

Fabrication of an economical and environmentally friendly electrode utilizing fullerene modified with L-proline and coated with copper nanoparticles for enantioselective electro-organic henry reaction in the presence of NaCl electrolyte

2024
Jabir M.; Majdi H.; Basem A.; Alfaker M.J.; Al-Rubaye A.H.; Berdimurodov E.; M U.L.; Ghabbour H.A.; Almehizia A.A.
Journal of Molecular Structure , Vol. 1316
7 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 00222860
Department of applied sciences/ university of technology, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr street 1, Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan; University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Str. Gavhar 1, Melbourne, Tashkent, 100149, Uzbekistan; Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, Uzbekistan; Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan; School of health and biomedical sciences, RMIT University, 3083, Australia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
This study focuses on the fabrication of an economical and environmentally friendly electrode for chiral electro-organic synthesis of (S)-2-Nitro-1-Phenylethanol derivatives 4(a-m) in good to excellent yields (90–96 %). The electrode is constructed using Fullerene modified with L-Proline and coated with copper nanoparticles (ox-Fullerene-Pro@Cu). The designed electrode aims to facilitate the synthesis of (S)-2-Nitro-1-Phenylethanol 4(a-m) derivatives efficiently. The utilization of sodium chloride as an electrolyte further enhances the electrochemical reaction. Following the electrode synthesis, comprehensive characterization and identification were conducted utilizing SEM, EDS, TEM, XPS, XRD, TGA, BET, CV and FT-IR analyses. The electrode's cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature make it a promising candidate for sustainable electro-organic synthesis processes. The synthesized (S)-2-Nitro-1-Phenylethanol derivatives 4(a-m) derivatives were identified and their properties reported through melting point, 1HNMR, Mass and CHN analyses. © 2024
الكلمات المفتاحية: (s)-2-nitro-1-phenylethanol derivatives Chiral electro-organic synthesis Copper nanoparticles Environmentally friendly electrode Fullerene modified with L-proline
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 138942 | EID: 2-s2.0-85196202069

Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing

2024
Sonachalam M.; Jayaprakash R.; Manieniyan V.; Raghavendra Rao P.S.; Vinodhini G.; Sharma M.; Kalyani T.; Warimani M.; Majdi H.S.; Khan T.M.Y.; Shaik A.S.; Shetty K.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 64
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arvind Gavali College of Engineering, Maharashtra, Satara, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saraswathy College of Engineering & Technology, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Department of Information Technology, Annamalai University, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Punjab, Mohali, 140307, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, Dakamarri, Andhra Pradesh, 531162, India; P.A. College of Engineering, Karnataka, Mangalore, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Dept of MCA, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Udupi, India
This study evaluates the impact of varying fuel injection timing (FIT) and dual-fuel modes on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine under different load conditions. The biodiesel used was derived from Chlorella protothecoides microalgae through a two-step transesterification process, and its elemental composition was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetylene gas was introduced into the engine intake manifold at a rate of 3 L per minute (LPM), while a blend of 20 % methyl ester from Chlorella protothecoides (B20 MEOA) served as the primary injected fuel. To predict engine performance and emission characteristics, advanced machine learning models were employed and evaluated using four statistical criteria, including R-squared, mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE). Experimental results indicated that the optimal configuration involved a dual-fuel mode combining B20 MEOA with acetylene gas and an advanced FIT of 25° before top dead center (bTDC). Performance analysis revealed that under all load conditions, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreased by 7.3 %, while brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 1.6 % compared to conventional diesel. Emission testing showed a 7.6 % rise in nitrogen oxide emissions, alongside significant reductions in unburned hydrocarbons (12.5 %), carbon monoxide (25.6 %), and smoke intensity (7.5 %) relative to standard diesel operation. Optimization of the engine parameters ensured that key metrics, such as brake power (BP) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), remained within acceptable limits. The random forest model outperformed other machine learning models, demonstrating superior accuracy in predicting performance and emissions across all statistical measures. This study underscores the potential of combining advanced biodiesel blends with optimized FIT strategies to improve engine efficiency and emissions control, offering a promising approach for sustainable dual-fuel engine operations. © 2024 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Acetylene Dual fuel Injection timing Micro algae
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 105370 | EID: 2-s2.0-85208194741

An Optimization Approaches and Control Strategies of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems in EDG-Integration Based on DVR Technology

2024
Khaleel M.; Yusupov Z.; Alderoubi N.; Habeeb L.J.; Elmnifi M.; Mohammed A.; Majdi H.S.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 57 (2), pp. 551-565
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, 78050, Turkey; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Southeast Community College, Lincoln Campus, Lincoln, 68521, NE, United States; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technologies, Bright Star University, Elbriga, 00218, Libya; Al-Amarah University College, Engineering of Technical Mechanical Power Department, Maysan, 62001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Electrical Distribution Grid (EDG) will be required to further enhance PQ while also providing higher-efficiency electrical technology. The relationship between the elements of EDG and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems (HFCS) was thoroughly examined in this study. This investigation, emphasizes the controller techniques of DVR technology and HFCS interface, as well as the connected converter topology such as multi-input single-output dc-dc converters topology, voltage double boost converters topology, and high step-up coupled inductor converter topology, could contribute to decreasing the danger of EDG by limiting the consumption of fossil fuels for power-generation, reducing the emission of hazardous. Moreover, according to what the research discussed HFCS with EDG interfacing is based on DVR technology. The article delivers several novel contributions to the realm of electrical engineering and renewable energy integration. It presents a pioneering integration of hydrogen fuel cells with DVR technology to enhance power delivery reliability and efficiency within electrical distribution grids. This work introduces advanced optimization algorithms aimed at im-proving the operational efficiency, lifespan, and cost-effectiveness of hydrogen fuel cells. Furthermore, it develops robust control strategies for dynamic voltage restoration, crucial for maintaining stable voltage levels under variable loads. The article also includes detailed simulation models to provide empirical support for the proposed strategies and assesses both the environmental impacts and scalability aspects of the system. These innovative elements ensure that the article contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge, providing practical solutions and theoretical insights that could influence future research and development in the integration of renewable energy technologies within electrical distribution systems. Copyright: ©2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA.
الكلمات المفتاحية: controller techniques converter topologies dynamic voltage restorer electrical distribution system hydrogen fuel cell system
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85192720466

Optimizing Tilt Angle for Thermal Efficiency of Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors

2024
Mohemmed Reda S.M.A.; Mahmood Hussein M.A.; Hadi J.M.; Al-Asadi H.A.; Hammoodi K.A.; Ayed S.K.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Energy Production and Management , Vol. 9 (1), pp. 57-64
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20563272
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University Collage, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Faculty of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The ideal altitude angle for evacuated tube solar collectors, taking into account factors such as solar radiation availability, geographical location, seasonal variations, and collector tilt, is taken into account in this comparative analysis. This study focuses on obtaining the best thermal energy that can be obtained from the falling sunlight to increase the thermal efficiency of the solar collector. This model uses a Cartesian direction model (x, y, and z) and mathematical ordering methods to generate a 3D model. COMSOL 5.6 is then utilized to link the framework with mathematics and simulate the case. Solar radiation increases from March to June, peaking from 5-6 a.m. to 18-19 p.m. during the summer. The highest solar evaluation and azimuth occurred at 12 hV in the south direction. Temperature has a major impact on the performance of water heaters and vacuum tube solar collectors. The specific tilt angle analyzed is 40 degrees. The location where the analysis was done is Baghdad. The optimal tilt angle was found at 25°at the start of the day and reached 40°at 12 p.m. The best case was reached when the angle was 40 degrees. The magnitude of efficiency improvements was seen; the value of efficiency reached 78% compared to other cases. Where the difference is between it and the angle of 0 degrees altitude, at which the efficiency rate reached 64%, the amount of improvement is 14%. © 2024 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: altitude angle energy efficiency optimal tilt angle solar radiation system performance vacuum tube solar collectors (VTSCs)
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85191941715

A novel two stages chemical activation of pinewood waste for removing organic micropollutants from water and wastewater

2024
Al-sareji O.J.; Grmasha R.A.; Meiczinger M.; Al-Juboori R.A.; Jakab M.; Boros A.; Majdi H.S.; Miskolczi N.; Hashim K.S.
Chemosphere , Vol. 363
6 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00456535
Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprem H, 8200, Hungary; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Research Centre of Engineering Sciences, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201, Hungary; University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprem, H-8200, Hungary; NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Al-Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, MOL Department of Hydrocarbon & Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, H-8200, Hungary; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 2ET, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
The prevalent presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems underscores the necessity for developing cost-effective techniques to remove them from water. The utilization of affordable precursors in producing activated carbon, capable of rivaling commercial alternatives, remains a persistent challenge. The adsorption of diclofenac and ciprofloxacin onto a novel pinewood-derived activated carbon (FPWAC) was explored, employing a sequential activation process involving ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) treatment followed by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) activation. The produced FPWAC was then thoroughly characterized by employing several techniques. The removal of diclofenac and ciprofloxacin in water and real wastewater effluent was examined in batch tests. The optimum removal conditions were an FPWAC dosage of 1 g L−1, pH 6, mixture concentration of 25 mg L−1, and a temperature of 25 °C. The FPWAC was able to remove both pharmaceuticals for up to six cycles, with more than 95% removal for water and 90% for wastewater in the first cycle. The adsorption performance fitted well with the non-linear Freundlich isotherm for both pollutants. The kinetics of adsorption of diclofenac followed a pseudo-first-order model, while ciprofloxacin showed adherence to the pseudo-second-order model. FPWAC proved its potency as a low-cost adsorbent for pharmaceutical removal from wastewater. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: activated carbon Adsorption Agro-industrial waste Ciprofloxacin Diclofenac Kinetics
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 142974 | EID: 2-s2.0-85199963669

Silver vanadate nanoparticles: Green synthesis, enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

2024
Prakruthi R.; Deepakumari H.N.; Revanasiddappa H.D.; Alfaisal F.M.; Alam S.; Majdi H.S.; Amir khan M.; Ukkund S.J.
AIP Advances , Vol. 14 (8)
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21583226
Department of Chemistry, Bharathi College, Karnataka, Mandya, Bharathinagara, 571 422, India; Department of Chemistry, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 751022, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri Karnataka, Mysuru, 570 006, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering, Knowledge Park 11, Greater Noida, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, Mangalore, 574153, India
Nanotechnology provides a very good chance to research and develop multipurpose nanomaterials because of their smaller size, larger surface area, low cost, and nanoscale materials, which are auspicious tools for many biological applications. The AgVO3 nanoparticle synthesis employing plant extract has offered an eco-friendly alternative for the industry. Literature survey shows that no research has been performed on AgVO3 using jackfruit; hence, we prepared AgVO3 using jackfruit extract as a reducing agent by a simple, easy, and eco-friendly precipitation method. The characterization techniques used for synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles were x-ray diffraction analysis, which determines the monoclinic structure of synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which shows the bonding of V-O-V; and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectra (EDS), which confirm the size, shape, purity, and elemental composition. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis confirms the pore size, pore volume, and surface area of synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles, Raman studies show the crystalline property, and UV-Vis studies give information about the material’s formation and optical properties. The bandgap was calculated to be 2.54 eV. Furthermore, the photocatalytic studies show 98.14% degradation in 180 min using MB dye. We also performed scavenger studies for detection of OH· radicals and recyclability. Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) micro-organisms were used to determine the antimicrobial characteristics. The full analysis verifies AgVO3’s antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as its excellent photocatalytic activities for the degradation of the organic dye methylene blue with a high degree of recyclability. © 2024 Author(s).
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics | Art. 085320 | EID: 2-s2.0-85202930400

Synthesis and characterization of Cu-modified ox-g-C3N4 nanosheets as an electrode for green synthesis of phenyl Benzofuran derivatives via C–H functionalization to C–O and C–C bond formation with an electrochemical oxidation system

2024
Alaridhee Z.A.I.; Jasim D.J.; Mamadoliyev I.; Mohammed M.J.; Ali A.-J.A.; Athab A.H.; Al-Rejaie S.S.; Mohany M.; Jabir M.; Majdi H.; Jafar N.N.A.; Singh D.; Singh K.
Research on Chemical Intermediates , Vol. 50 (7), pp. 3053-3077
6 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09226168
Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Medical Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq; College of Dentistry, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr.Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, India; Department of Chemistry, Deen Dayal Upadhyay, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, India
In this study, our primary objective was to synthesize and characterize a copper nanoparticle-modified oxidized graphite carbon nitride (ox-g-C3N4). This modified ox-g-C3N4 material was utilized as a reusable catalyst for the environmentally friendly production of benzofuran 4(a-j) derivatives through C–H activation using an electrochemical oxidation system. The desired derivatives were obtained by reacting 2-bromophenol 1(a-c) with ethynylbenzene 2(a-g) yielding high yields ranging from 89 to 94%. The modified Cu/ox-g-C3N4 nanocomposite was thoroughly examined. using different analytical techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The comprehensive identification was conducted in a comparative manner, allowing for a thorough understanding of the nanocomposite's properties. By employing this nanocatalyst, we implement a greener synthesis approach that reduces the need for dangerous and toxic substances, while reducing waste generation by promoting reuse. The synthesized products in this research were subjected to characterization utilizing techniques such as melting point analysis, CHN analysis and 1HNMR spectroscopy. These analytical methods were utilized to confirm the identification and assess the purity of the benzofuran compounds synthesized 4(a-j). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: C-H activation Cu-modified ox-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets Electrochemical oxidation Green synthesis Phenyl benzofuran
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media B.V. | EID: 2-s2.0-85192859568

THERMAL AND MECHANICAL ANALYSIS IN JOINT WELDING OF THICK STEEL ALLOY PLATES WITH AND WITHOUT BACKING PLATE

2024
Hamdey M.D.; Mohammed M.S.; Kareem A.H.; Majdi H.S.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 19 (5), pp. 1974-1989
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 18234690
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Despite its significance, welding remains one of the most common modes of joining pieces in mechanical structures. Such weld-induced defects include distortion in the welded structure, thermal stresses, and heat input to this area. The objective of this study is to analyse the thermal and mechanical stresses in the welding of steel alloys. V-joint welding of two thick steel alloy plates, with and without backing, is modelled by SOLIDWORKS software and imported for simulation in a Linked thermal and stress analysis in ANSYS workbench mechanical. The computational procedure results have been validated by comparison with experimental welding results. Uniform heating throughout the surrounding environment is what a simulated heat source entails. An additional heat distribution, deformation, and stress assessment is performed. The model conducts a thermal model analysing temperature distribution across the structure and stress analysis, which uses the temperature-dependent properties of the alloy steel used for modelling. The investigated sequences on the V-joint welding useability and fitting with the required design criteria may serve as the foundation for determining different pre-weld optimization parameters, some of which seek to reduce the distortion and residual stresses developed within and around the weldment. The results show that the V-joint with an open root gap and backing plate had relatively 14% lower deformation than the joint without backing plate. Also, the joint design illustrated a wider heat-affected zone, and fusion zone in the weldment. The other part of this study is ascertaining the relative strengths or thermal stresses of different depositions in the mentioned joint. © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.
الكلمات المفتاحية: HAZ dimension Mechanical SOLIDWORKS modelling Thermal deformation Thermal stress Thermo-structural analysis in ANSYS
Scopus
Taylor's University | EID: 2-s2.0-85204536929

Cords wick distillers for water distillation - A comparative review

2024
Alawee W.H.; Basem A.; Mohammed S.A.; Majdi H.S.; Abdullah A.S.; Aldabesh A.; Sultan A.J.; Amro M.I.; Omara Z.M.; Essa F.A.
Results in Engineering , Vol. 24
5 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 25901230
Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Pharos University in Alexandria, , Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex, Alexandria, 21648, Egypt
This review examines advancements in cords wick technology for optimizing water depth in solar stills, a crucial factor in enhancing desalination efficiency. Shallow water depths generally lead to increased productivity, and cords wick technology effectively reduces energy waste by drawing only evaporated saline water, minimizing hot water loss. Various modifications, such as reflectors, fans, and baffles combined with nano-enhanced PCM, have significantly improved the performance of cords wick solar stills. Notably, incorporating cords, reflectors, a fan, and square baffles resulted in a 264 % increase in distillate production. Additionally, these enhancements offer environmental benefits, with reported annual CO₂ emissions reductions of approximately 28.71 tons and water treatment costs ranging from $0.01 to $0.0185 per liter. The insights provided here contribute to the ongoing research on maximizing desalination efficiency using cords wick technology in solar stills. © 2024
الكلمات المفتاحية: Baffles Cords wick solar stills Phase change materials Solar stills Wicks
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 102984 | EID: 2-s2.0-85205140947

A practical approach to demonstrate the circular economy in remediation of textile dyes using nutraceutical industrial spent

2024
Taqui S.N.; Syed U.T.; Mir R.A.; Syed A.A.; Ukkund S.J.; Deepakumari H.N.; Al-Mansour A.I.; Alam S.; Berwal P.; Majdi H.S.
RSC Advances , Vol. 14 (36), pp. 26464-26483
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20462069
Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bharathi College - Post Graduate and Research Centre, Bharathi Nagara, Karnataka, 571422, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal; Glocal School of Agricultural Science, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Uttar Pradesh, Saharanpur, 247121, India; Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, SH - 57, Mirzapur Pole, Uttar Pradesh, Saharanpur, 247121, India; Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, Mangaluru, 574153, India; Department of Chemistry, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 751022, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
We used Nutraceutical Industrial Coriander Seed Spent (NICSS), a readily available, cheap, eco-friendly, and ready-to-use material, as an innovative adsorbent for the bioremediation of a bisazo Acid Red 119 (AR 119) dye, which is likely a mutagen from textile industrial effluents (TIE). A laboratory-scale experiment was tailored to demonstrate the framework of the circular economy (CE) in the remediation of textile dyes using Nutraceutical Industrial Spent to align with the principles of sustainability and valorization. An experimental qe value of 97.00 mg g−1 was obtained. For the practicality and effectiveness of the method, a two-level fractional factorial experimental design (FFED) was employed to determine variables that influence the adsorption capacity of NICSS. At optimal settings (pH of 1.4, adsorbent dosage of 6.000 g L−1, adsorbent particle size of 96 μm, initial dye concentration of 599 mg L−1, adsorption duration of 173 min, orbital shaking speed of 165 rpm, and temperature of 35 °C), the maximum adsorption efficiency achieved through statistical optimization was 614 mg g−1. Six factors influencing the adsorption process were examined experimentally and were considered important for commercialization. Three orders of magnitude were applied to the identified variables in scaling experiments. Adsorption-equilibrium data were analyzed using nine isotherm models. The best fit was discovered to be the Vieth-Sladek adsorption isotherm model. The suitable mechanism for the overall rate of the adsorption process was a pseudo-second-order reaction: mass-transfer mechanistic studies were predicted to predominate over the diffusion process. NICSS was characterized using SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. Utilizing plastic trash, the dye-adsorbed NICSS that was recovered as “sludge” was utilized as a reinforcing material to create composites. Dye-adsorbed NICSS thermoplastic and thermoset composites were studied and compared with NICSS composites in terms of their physicomechanical and chemical properties. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
DOI Scopus
Royal Society of Chemistry | EID: 2-s2.0-85201917980

LC-MS/MS characterization of pirtobrutinib impurities and product degradation: stability studies

2024
Pavithra M.K.; Chaya G.; Deepakumari H.N.; Revanasiddappa H.D.; Mohammed S.J.; Majdi H.S.; Alsabhan A.H.; Ukkund S.J.
RSC Advances , Vol. 14 (47), pp. 34868-34882
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20462069
Department of Chemistry, Bharathi College, Bharathinagara, Karnataka, Mandya, 571, India; Department of Chemistry, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 751022, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, Mysuru, 570, India; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, 00964, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, P.A. College of Engineering, Mangalore, 574153, India
This study examined the fragmentation, degradation pathways and DPs of pirtobrutinib, which have not been previously reported in the literature. The main goal of the current work is to develop, validate, and characterize forced degradation products using LC-MS/MS. An isocratic HPLC methodology was developed for the quantitative measurement of pirtobrutinib at a λmax of 219 nm. The procedure used was straightforward, well defined, proven, and selective. The samples were subjected to isocratic elution using an Agilent Eclipse C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μ). The mobile phase was supplied at a flow rate of 1.0 mL per minute in a 30 : 70 v/v ratio, containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. A linear response was observed within the 0.0-150 μg mL−1 concentration range. It was found that the limits of quantitation and detection for pirtobrutinib were 0.1 and 0.3, respectively. The method was assessed for system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness in accordance with standard ICH guidelines. It was found that the results were within acceptable limits. A variety of stress conditions, such as acids, alkalis, hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction as well as photo- and thermal degradations, were applied to the drug to test the method's efficiency and stability. Acidic, alkaline, peroxide, and reduction conditions showed significant degradation. Degradation products produced during the forced degradation studies were analyzed and characterized using mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Thus, the proposed method can also be used for the quantitation of pirtobrutinib in the presence of its degradation products. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
DOI Scopus
Royal Society of Chemistry | EID: 2-s2.0-85208706730

Mechanical, fatigue and super plasticity properties of Cu-Al-Mn, Cu-Al-Be-Mn shape memory alloy and their metal matrix composites

2024
Naresh H.; Prashantha S.; Santhosh N.; Alsubih M.; Islam S.; Majdi H.Sh.; Algburi S.; Razak A.
RSC Advances , Vol. 14 (43), pp. 31275-31290
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20462069
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, 572103, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560, India; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, 36015, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Mangaluru, India
This study explores the characteristics and potential engineering applications of Cu-Al-Mn and Cu-Al-Be-Mn shape memory alloys (SMAs). The research investigates the chemical composition, transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties of these SMAs when incorporated into Al metal matrix composites (MMCs). It was found that the addition of Mn and Be, has a significant impact on the performance of Cu-Al alloys. Among Cu-Al-Mn SMAs, SMA1, with a composition of Cu-80.94%, Al-10.54%, and Mn-8.52%, exhibited superior strain recovery, super elasticity (SE), and improved mechanical properties compared to other compositions. The study also demonstrates that the inclusion of SMA fibres in Al composites enhances residual strength, energy absorption capacity, and the ability to close fissures, contributing to a more robust and resilient material. In the case of Cu-Al-Be-Mn SMAs, SMA6, with Cu-87.42%, Al-11.8%, Be-0.48%, and Mn-0.3%, showcased improved properties, outperforming other compositions in terms of strain recovery, residual strength, energy absorption capacity, and crack-closing ability. These findings suggest that Cu-Al-Be-Mn SMAs hold promise for various engineering applications. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of these SMAs to enhance the performance of structural materials, offering increased strength, ductility, and resilience. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the applications and advantages of SMAs in the field of engineering. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
DOI Scopus
Royal Society of Chemistry | EID: 2-s2.0-85205784442

Artificial Intelligent for Real-Time Prediction of Rheological Drilling Mud Properties

2024
Al-Obaidi A.K.; Majdi H.Sh.; Jweeg M.J.; Hadi F.A.; Jasim D.J.; Ellafi A.
Iraqi Geological Journal , Vol. 57 (1), pp. 147-161
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 24146064
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; University of North Dakota, Grand Fork, 58202, ND, United States
Rheological characterisitcs are very important for drilling fluid functions since it is directly influenced the cutting transportability, hole cleaning ability, lubricity, and filtration loss behaviour while drilling. The Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP), Apparent Viscosity (µa), and gel strength are mud's rheological attributes that can contribute to achieve the drilling fluid functions, but they are only measured once or twice a day, leading to insufficient performance of the drilling fluid functions. In contrast, mud density, marsh funnel, and solid percent are frequently and continuously measurable. There are few attempts to link between the most frequent mud measurements to the less frequent mud measurements which also have a high error rate in their predictions. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and multiple regression analysis (MRA) were conducted using real field measurements to develop new models to determine the rheological mud properties. The ANN was optimized using training and validation datasets of 70% and 30%, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) are found for each model. Upon creating a plot of the predicted PV versus the actual PV, the obtained R2 and RMSE of the ANN model are 0.955 and 0.694 for training datasets, and 0.954 and 0.634 for validation datasets, respectively. In contrast, the results of the MRA are R2 of 0.91 and RMSE of 0.914. The results of other models for determining YP, µa, and gel strength are also successfully checked. These results showed that ANN is able to predict the rheological mud properties with high accuracy, which outperformed the obtained results of MRA. The presented models will help to track in real-time the rheological mud properties that allows better control for the drilling operation problems. © 2024, Union of Iraqi Geologists. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Artificial neural networks Drilling mud Multiple regression analysis
DOI Scopus
Union of Iraqi Geologists | EID: 2-s2.0-85196081650

Air-Side Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Vortex Generators on Heat Transfer Surfaces- A Comprehensive Review

2024
Bansode V.H.; Verma M.; Naik C.K.; Pandhare A.; Anjinappa C.; Prakash C.; Mohammed S.J.; Majdi H.S.; Majdi A.
Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research , Vol. 11 (2), pp. 255-272
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 23833068
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhagwant University, Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305023, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, BGS College of Engineering and Technology, Bengaluru, 560086, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, 411041, India; Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560004, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, 00964, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Buildings and Construction Techniques Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The main purpose of this article is to provide a critical analysis of published research on these heat transfer surfaces. Important experimental methods and numerical procedures are explained, and many types of vortex generators are described. The phenomenon of flow attributed to vortex generators mounted, connected, pierced, or placed inside surfaces that transmit heat was also examined. In addition, recommendations for applying vortex generator (VGs) technology to improve air-side heat transfer are provided, as well as information on the thermal performance of newly proposed VG heat transfer surfaces. The performance of air-side heating surfaces can often be significantly improved through the use of vortex generators. However, their effectiveness can be greatly affected by many factors, including fluid flow rate, pipe geometry (diameter, shape, pitch, in-line or staggered configuration), fin type, and geometry of the vortex generator (height, length, shape, angle of attack, etc.). Circular fin-tube heat exchangers generally perform worse in terms of thermal-hydraulic efficiency than flat-tube-fin and oval-tube-fin heat-exchanging devices, and more recently, suggested vortex generators. Most current heat exchanger optimization methods focus only on thermal-hydraulic performance. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research published by Semnan University Press.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Heat exchange surface Pressure-drop penalty Thermal transfer enhancer Vortex generators
DOI Scopus
Semnan University, Center of Excellence in Nonlinear Analysis and Applications | EID: 2-s2.0-85206912622

Wind Turbine Manufacturing, Trends, Capacity, Performance, and Strategy

2024
Ghoumah F.; Tansu A.; Hadi R.S.; Elmnifi M.; Mustafa M.A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Moria H.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 57 (1), pp. 21-31
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Supply Department, Arabian Gulf Oil Company, Benghazi, 00218, Libya; Industrial Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, 99258, Cyprus; Energy Engineering, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bright Star University, Brega, 00218, Libya; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu, 41912, Saudi Arabia; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
The development of wind turbine technology has been studied globally and has shown that energy production from wind has become one of the most balanced, advanced, and promising ways for the future and falls within clean energy generation technologies. Wind energy development has shown many positive impacts on the environment and the economy in many countries. Wind turbine manufacturers have developed modern, powerful turbines that work well in weak wind conditions. These conditions make it necessary to increase the capacity of manufacturing companies to manufacture wind turbines in all the processes and procedures involved in them. This study focuses on providing manufacturing companies with the latest developments and most efficient manufacturing processes to improve wind turbine outcomes. It also explains how certain activities and procedures in manufacturing practices can affect the overall performance of a turbine. Through the analysis, we have observed that manufacturers have responded to the demand for models with cutting speeds of 2.1 m/s to 4 m/s by preparing more models in this range for future production. Models with very high cutting speeds have also been compensated for by preparing more ranges with ultra-fast cutting speeds for future production. Analysis of the turning diameter showed that sufficient response was not achieved, as insufficient attention was paid to the diameter range of 50-100 meters. The manufacturers' response indicates that the bulk of future production will be within the power ranges between 2001 and 6000 kW. © 2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: capacity efficiency management manufacturing strategy wind energy
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85187720572

Enhancing Thermal Efficiency in Solar Water Heaters Using Reflective Mirrors

2024
Abdul-Ghafoor Q.J.; Ali F.A.M.A.; Hasan W.K.; Hammoodi K.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics , Vol. 19 (1), pp. 31-39
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17557437
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
With the development of solar energy collection technologies and the mechanism of exploiting solar energy as renewable energy, it was necessary to develop a solar vacuum tube system, which is considered one of the old systems with little efficiency. In order for the development process to be completed, it was necessary to place side reflectors that border the pipes from all sides to better reflect solar radiation and raise the temperature of the pipes to the required level. The optimal angle for increasing temperature was determined by adjusting the sidewalls of mirrors, adjusting the wall width, and comparing angles at various angles (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) degrees, to achieve the best results. The angle of the mirrors on the pipes is adjusted from 30 to 90 degrees, as well as their width from 250 mm to 500 mm, and from 5 a.m. to 5 p.m., with a difference of one hour each reading. The temperature gradient on solar collector tubes increases with time and mirror angle, reaching maximum at noon and 30 degrees. Infrastructural radiation increases significantly at 30 degrees, reaching 700 W/m2. The width of the mirror wall affects radiation reflection and distribution, with a 500 mm width being more effective. The 30-degree angle had the highest thermal efficiency at 84%, while a 500 mm width difference achieved 86%. The novelty of the work varies in terms of developing the thermal efficiency of the solar collector by adding these influential factors to it. Copyright: ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: and reflective walls mirror reflectors reflective technology solar vacuum tube systems thermal efficiency
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85186901413

Water Heating Rate as a Function of Magnetic Field and Electrical Induction Using Solar Energy

2024
Al-Musawi S.T.M.; Elmnifi M.; Abdulrazig O.D.H.; Abdullah A.R.; Jassim L.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 11 (2), pp. 316-324
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Department of Reconstruction and Projects, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Bright Star University, Brega, 00218, Libya; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech., Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
The effect of magnetic fields on the water remains a highly controversial topic despite much research focused on this topic in the past decades. However, the improvement of water heating in a magnetic field is less controversial. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon was studied in prior works. In this paper, use solar electric induction to study the heating of water in magnetic fields; one distinction between induction heating and magnetic field heating is that the convection in the water heater is varied due to the different heating locations. Using computational fluid dynamics, it was possible to examine the heat load in the heater during induction heating and magnetic field heating, determine its temperature distribution, and flow rate. The heat flow in magnetic field heating was measured over the heater base at the bottom. In induction heating, the analysis was conducted using the distribution of heat production as determined by electromagnetic field analysis. Simulation shows differences in convective flow in the heater during induction heating and magnetic field heating, particularly in the early stages of heating. © 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD magnetic fields solar electric induction water heating
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85187183127

The Impact of SMES Integration on the Power Grid: Current Topologies and Nonlinear Control Strategies

2024
Khaleel M.; Gulbudak O.; Ayed S.K.; Mustafa M.A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Elmnifi M.
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems , Vol. 1070 LNNS, pp. 108-121
3 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 23673370
Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey; College of Technical Engineering, University of Albayan, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Belgorod Technical University, Belgorod, Russian Federation; Bright Star University, Brega, Libya
Superconducting magnetic energy Storage (SMES) has recently provided fast and effective relief on the power grid (PG). In addition to that, the power quality (PQ) issues affecting the PG continue to receive special attention. There is no doubt that the PQ issues are an important point concerning the effect on the power grid (PG) utility. In this context, this manuscript aims to demonstrate in-depth the configurations, characterization, and properties of SMES as a robust energy storage (ES) technology. The main objective of SMES can be achieved by delivering excellent performance to support the demand load. From this perspective, current topologies SMES-PG interconnection are developed to evaluate the effectiveness and performance-enhancing while supplying efficient energy using non-linear control strategy including sliding mode controller strategies, partial feedback linearization, control strategy, hysteresis controller strategy, robust controller strategy, and predictive controller strategy. To conclude, this manuscript investigates in detail to determine the applications of SMES-PG interconnection and future scope. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Current Topologies Nonlinear Control Strategies Power Grid Power quality SMES
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-85201119539

A Technical and Economic Feasibility Study for on-Grid Solar PV in Libya

2024
Elmnifi M.; Mhmood A.H.; Saieed A.N.A.; Alturaihi M.H.; Ayed S.K.; Majdi H.S.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 11 (1), pp. 91-97
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Preparatory Faculty, Belgorod University, Brega, 00218, Russian Federation; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bright Star University, Belgorod, 30802, Libya; Department of Petroleum Systems Control Engineering, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Saladin, 34001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa, 54002, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
In this research, the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of a gridconnected solar photovoltaic (PV) system for a single-family residential home in several Libyan cities with separate locations was studied. In Libya, the rate of electricity consumption is the largest in the domestic sector, with 60% of the total electricity consumption. Due to the frequent power outages in Libya, and the dependence of power generation mainly on traditional sources, pollution problems, and energy alternatives are an important priority. To overcome these problems, we propose maximizing the exploitation of renewable energy sources for energy production. In this paper, the HOMER Pro Renewable Energy Modeling Software was used to conduct a technical evaluation of a grid-connected solar PV system’s economic viability, where the design was proposed for a residential house for six Libyan cities. The size of the PV system for a residential home is estimated at 15 kW. The findings indicated that the suggested design could supply 85% of the household’s electrical requirements. AlKufra was the best location in terms of economics and the environment for a grid plus PV system, as the initial cost of the system was $9,570, the Cost of Energy (COE) was $0.0314, and the carbon dioxide emissions were 56,982 kg/year. Overall, lower prices for PV modules and PV components combined with long life, less maintenance needs, and minimum parity near the grid. The results show that PV systems connected to the residential grid are an effective energy management option in most Libyan cities. Copyright: ©2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: HOMER Libyan cities on-grid solar photovoltaic photovoltaic systems
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85185303025

The Degradation of Furfural from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Employing a Packed Bubble Column Reactor Using O3 and a CuO Nanocatalyst

2024
Mohammed S.M.; Al Ezzi A.A.R.; Majdi H.S.; Sukkar K.A.
Reactions , Vol. 5 (4), pp. 883-899
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2624781X
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51015, Iraq
Furfural is one of the main pollutant materials in petroleum refinery wastewater. This work used an ozonized bubble column reactor to remove furfural from wastewater. The reactor applied two shapes of packing materials and two dosages of CuO nanocatalyst (0.05 and 0.1 ppm) to enhance the degradation process. The results indicated that adding 0.1 ppm of nanocatalyst provided an efficient rate of furfural degradation compared to that of 0.05 ppm. Also, the packing materials enhanced the furfural degradation significantly. As a result, the contact area between the gas and liquid phases increased, and a high furfural removal efficiency was achieved. It was found that the CuO nanocatalyst generated more (OH•) radicals. At a treatment time of 120 min and an ozone flow of 40 L/h, the furfural degradation recorded values of 80.66 and 78.6% at 10 and 20 ppm of initial concentration, respectively. At 60 ppm, the degradation efficiency did not exceed 74.16%. Furthermore, the kinetic study indicated that the first-order mechanism is more favorable than the second-order mechanism, representing the furfural degradation with a correlation factor of 0.9837. Finally, the furfural reaction can be achieved successfully in a shorter time and at low cost. © 2024 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: advanced oxidation furfural degradation nanocatalyst ozonation reaction petroleum refinery wastewater
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | EID: 2-s2.0-85213457829

Energy recovery from municipal solid waste incineration: case study—Libya

2024
Elmnifi M.; Habeeb L.J.; Majdi H.S.; Oleksandr T.
Advances in Energy from Waste: Transformation Methods, Applications and Limitations under Sustainability , pp. 773-809
3 استشهاد Book chapter English
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, Iraq; Department of Occupational and Environmental Safety, National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, Ukraine
The eighth-largest oil reservoir in the world is located in Libya, one of the world's oil-producing nations. Due to this circumstance, the nation's need for electricity and municipal solid waste generation (MSW) has grown quickly. The project offers an innovative strategy for using renewable energy, which includes waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities. This chapter assesses the potential contribution of WTE plants to the peak energy demand in Libya until 2030 based on two scenarios: mass incineration and mass combustion with recycling for the entire nation and for six Libyan urban districts. According to the calculations, a recycling scenario may create up to 57MW on a mass burn basis, and a full incineration scenario might generate up to 197MW. These figures represent roughly 0.82% and 0.24% of the 224.1 gigawatt-peak electricity consumption predicted for 2030. Future WTE facilities in Libya's major cities can be planned using the anticipated outcomes for each of the scenarios. It is advised that more research be done to evaluate the possibilities using monetary, social, technical, and environmental standards. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biomass Electricity Energy and climate change Energy resource Environmental engineering Environmental pollution Incineration Libya
DOI Scopus
Elsevier | EID: 2-s2.0-85205367305

Sustainable bio-jet fuel synthesis techniques for the aviation industry

2024
Tan C.H.; Yaw C.T.; Koh S.P.; Kadirgama K.; Abed A.M.; Majdi H.S.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , Vol. 1372 (1)
3 استشهاد Conference paper Open Access English ISSN: 17551307
Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia; Advance Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL), College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia; College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
In the near future, the aviation industry is expected to significantly increase the usage of "drop-in"bio-jet fuel as the technologies in biofuel production advances and matures. Given the high rate of growth in the aviation sector, the demand for aerial transportation of passenger and cargo is projected to increase by two-fold in the next twenty years. This will raise the global aviation fuel consumption to an estimated 22.48 quadrillion British thermal unit (BTU) by 2040. To meet these high energy demands, it is necessary to develop alternative and sustainable methods to produce jet fuel. In light of this, intense research and numerous fundings have been allocated into developing efficient production methods for bio-jet fuel. Conventional jet fuel emits a considerable amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) when combusted, which contributes to global warming. Compared to traditional jet fuel, bio-jet fuel is a renewable energy source and regarded to emit less GHGs. Bio-jet fuel can be produced using a diverse range of both edible (food crops such as soybean, corn, and sugar cane) and inedible (such as energy crops, agricultural wastes, and lignocellulosic biomass) feedstocks. There are various promising technologies that can produce aviation biofuel, which includes oil-to-jet [hydroprocessed ester and fatty acids (HEFA)], alcohol-to-jet, sugar-to-jet [hydroprocessing of fermented sugars (HFS)], and syngas-to-jet [Fisher-Tropsch (FT)]. Compared to the other techniques, HEFA bio-jet fuel can be sold at a lower price because HEFA requires less capital investment, capital cost, and energy cost. Although FT technique require high capital investment, FT bio-jet fuel can be sold at medium price due to its matured technology. The breakeven cost of ATJ and HFS bio-jet fuel varies greatly due to the supply and cost of sugar-rich feedstocks, as well as short lifespan of enzymes. Although bio-jet fuel has the potential to replace petroleum jet fuel in the future, there are still many technological and socio-economic challenges that must be overcome. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the current status, technological advances, and economic challenges of bio-jet fuel production for energy transition in the aviation industry. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Aviation Bio-jet fuel Bioenergy Sustainable Transition
DOI Scopus
Institute of Physics | Art. 012036 | EID: 2-s2.0-85199382010

Utilizing a copper foam electrode as the catalyst in Sonogashira C-H activation coupling reactions for the electro-oxidation synthesis of diphenylethyne derivatives

2024
Al-Rubaye A.H.; Al-Rejaie S.S.; Alaridhee Z.A.I.; Mohany M.; Ameen H.F.M.; Jafar N.N.A.; Jasim D.J.; Majdi H.; Kumar A.; Al-Anber M.A.; Jabir M.; Elawady A.
Journal of Molecular Structure , Vol. 1305
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00222860
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering Knowledge University, Erbil, Iraq; Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation; Advanced Research and Development Center, LIPS Research Foundation, European International University, Paris, France; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Polymers, Mutah University, Al-Karak P.O. Box 7, 61710, Jordan; Department of Applied Science, University of Technnology, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in Copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions, employing both traditional and electro-oxidation methods for synthesizing diphenylethyne derivatives. This study focuses on the progress achieved through the utilization of copper foam electro-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in the synthesis of diphenylethyne derivatives 4(a-q) and provides insights into the future prospects of this field. The paper emphasizes the development of efficient copper foam catalysts, the optimization of reaction conditions, and potential applications of electro-oxidation reaction copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling in various fields, including materials chemistry and organic synthesis. The integration of electro-oxidation reactions into copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions presents a promising approach for the efficient synthesis of diphenylethyne derivatives. The future trajectory of this field involves further advancements in catalyst design, reaction optimization, and the exploration of new applications for diphenylethyne derivatives across diverse scientific disciplines. This investigation specifically explores the electro-oxidation process of the Sonogashira reaction, utilizing a copper foam cathode and graphite anode in isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH) as the solvent and weak base. Sodium bromide (NaBr) serves as an economical and readily available electrolyte and reagent under green and sustainable conditions. The successful synthesis of a variety of diphenylethyne derivatives 4(a-q) was achieved, with notable yields ranging from 83% to 92%. © 2024
الكلمات المفتاحية: C-H activation Copper-catalyzed Diphenylethyne derivatives Electro-oxidation reaction Sonogashira coupling reactions
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 137757 | EID: 2-s2.0-85185718226

A theoretical investigation for improving the performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells through side-chain engineering of BTR non-fused-ring electron acceptors

2024
Moeed S.; Bousbih R.; Ayub A.R.; Jafar N.N.A.; Aljohani M.; Jabir M.S.; Amin M.A.; Zubair H.; Majdi H.; Waqas M.; Hadia N.M.A.; Khera R.A.
Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling , Vol. 131
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 10933263
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia
In the current quantum chemical study, indacenodithiophene donor core-based the end-capped alterations of the reference chromophore BTR drafted eight A2-A1-D-A1-A2 type small non-fullerene acceptors. All the computational simulations were executed under MPW1PW91/6-31G (d, p) level of DFT. The UV–Vis absorption, open circuit voltage, electron affinity, ionization potential, the density of states, reorganization energy, orbital analysis, and non-covalent interactions were studied and compared with BTR. Several molecules of our modeled series BT1-BT8 have shown distinctive features that are better than those of the BTR. The open circuit voltage (VOC) of BT5 has a favorable impact, allowing it to replace BTR in the field of organic solar cells. The charge carrier motilities for proposed molecules generated extraordinary findings when matched to the reference one (BTR). Further charge transmission was confirmed by creating the complex with a PM6 donor molecule. The remarkable dipole moment contributes to the formation of non-covalent bond interactions with chloroform, resulting in superior charge mobility. Based on these findings, it can be said that every tailored molecule has the potential to surpass chromophore molecule (BTR) in OSCs. So, all tailored molecules may enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells due to the involvement of potent terminal electron-capturing acceptor2 moieties. Considering these obtained results, these newly presented molecules can be regarded for developing efficient solar devices in the future. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
الكلمات المفتاحية: IDT and reorganization energy (RE) Organic solar cells Small non-fullerene acceptor molecules TD-SCF
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Inc. | Art. 108792 | EID: 2-s2.0-85194105196

Design and Implementation of IoT Smart System for Sensing Toxic Gas Emissions and Security System of Chemical Laboratories or Stores of Universities

2024
Majeed A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Mohammed H.A.; Raheem L.A.A.; Hassooni A.S.; Almaamori M.H.
2024 10th International Conference on Automation, Robotics, and Applications, ICARA 2024 , pp. 557-564
2 استشهاد Conference paper English
University of Baghdad, Development Education Center, Baghdad, Iraq; AI-Mustaqbal University, College Chemical Engineering and Petroleum, Industries Department, Hilla, Iraq; University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hilla, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hilla, Iraq; AI-Mustaqbal University, Hilla, Iraq
It has been clearly observed in recent years that the rate of injuries caused by toxic gases for workers inside laboratories and chemical warehouses has increased. The need for intelligent and efficient sensor systems in university chemical laboratories and repositories is becoming increasingly important. To meet this need, the design and implementation of an intelligent system was developed to sense and detect gas emissions within these laboratories. The system was developed as it relies primarily on sensors to measure the percentage of toxic gases within the laboratory and consists of a wireless sensor network (WSN) with the Internet of Things (IoT) in laboratories and warehouses. Chemicals inside the university. The WSN device is used to collect toxic gas data in laboratories and distribute it from sensors that include the MQ4 sensor and the MQ135 sensor. The process of exploring toxic gases in laboratories and chemical stores at universities is considered by linking the wireless sensors with a micro controller using two XBEE (S2) MODULE nodes, one for transmission and the other for reception. The data is collected and processed on a computer, and then the processed data is transferred to the cloud using an application via MIT APP and an ESP8266 simple unit (NodeMCU) with a wireless sensor network to monitor gases inside the laboratory. The implementation of this system will greatly enhance the safety and security of the university's laboratories and chemical stores, providing a safer and healthier environment for students, staff and faculty. © 2024 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ESP8266 IoT MIT APP Inventor MQ135 sensor MQ4 sensor WSN
DOI Scopus
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. | EID: 2-s2.0-85197340526

Numerical Study of a Wickless Heat Pipe for Cooling of Electronic Component

2024
Adnan S.E.; Kassim M.S.; Alderoubi N.; Sultan Aljibori H.S.; Ibrahim S.Y.; Mahmood R.A.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 42 (5), pp. 1660-1670
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Lincoln Campus, Southeast Community College, Lincoln, 68521, NE, United States; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
This work conducts a numerical analysis on a wickless heat pipe with a flat evaporator (100 mm × 100 mm × 30 mm) designed to cool electronic components. A flat square electrical element of 100 mm × 100 mm is used to generate heat. The objective is to examine the relationship between the thermal performance of wickless heat pipe, its fill ratio, and the flow rate of cooling water. Performance was validated using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Various fill ratios (15%, 25%, 50%, and 85%) and input powers (10 W to 100 W) were considered, with flow rates of cooling water ranging 0.0083 kg/s - 0.033 kg/s. The results indicate that at 100 W input power and a 15% fill ratio, the evaporator wall temperature reached 100℃. The minimum evaporator resistance of 0.07℃/W and condenser resistance of 0.14℃/W were observed at a 50% fill ratio under similar conditions. The optimal cooling water flow rate for this system was found to be 0.016 kg/s. ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: fill ratio input power saturation temperature wickless heat pipe
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85209234263

Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in Helical Cone Coil Heat Exchanger Using MWCNT-Water Nanofluid

2024
Nadhim A.A.; Alderoubi N.; Al-Tamermi O.H.A.; Mustafa M.A.S.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 42 (5), pp. 1567-1577
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
College of Technical Engineering, A1-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Southeast Community College, Lincoln Campus, Lincoln, 68521, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wasit, Al-Kut, 52001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
By using two-phase Eulerian model, authors numerically examined helical cone coil heat exchanger MWNCT/water nanofluid flow and thermal properties. Nusselt number, Reynolds number, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop in different concentrations, volume fractions, and different flow rates done by using ANSYS fluent software. k-epsilon turbulence model employed in this simulation. By considering heat transfer and pressure drop properties, nanofluid performance factor was assessed. This study utilizes ANSYS multiphase technology to numerically evaluate multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/water nanofluids heat transfer and pressure drop as they pass through helically cone coil tube heat exchanger. The authors utilized MWCNT/water nanofluid with 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% particle volume fractions for fluid simulation. The simulations conducted using turbulent flow within 2200 to 4200 Dean number range. Study discovered that highest overall heat transfer coefficient 56% more that of water while using 0.5% nanofluid concentration and 4200 Dean number. Heat transfer coefficient improvement in 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% MWCNT/water nanofluid concentrations correspondingly 17%, 34%, and 47% higher compared to water. The Nusselt numbers show a significant increase of 26%, 49%, and 65% when compared to water, at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% MWCNT/water nanofluids concentrations, respectively. The pressure decreases of nanofluids with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% were 18%, 33%, and 45% greater than that of water, respectively. ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: flow velocity fraction factors multiphase nanoparticles Nusselt number
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85209251883

Enhancing Thermal Efficiency in Solar Water Heaters: The Role of Reflective Walls

2024
Reda S.M.A.M.; Mutasher D.G.; Hasan W.K.; Majdi H.S.; Alderoubi N.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 11 (4), pp. 893-902
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Lincoln Campus, Southeast Community College, Lincoln, 68521, United States
With tremendous promise for environmentally friendly and economically viable solutions, solar water heaters have emerged as a prospective replacement for traditional energy-intensive water heating techniques. Integrated pressure solar water heaters have become more popular among different solar water heater designs because of their capacity to function under high-pressure settings, making them appropriate for both domestic and commercial applications. The best way to gather and use energy from such systems is to increase their thermal efficiency, which will also aid in overall energy conservation efforts. Reflective mirrors are used to reflect solar radiation from different dimensions, and a material absorbs incoming radiation at the same distance. Coordinates and time are determined for precision. The thermal reflection attributes of the solar heater material and layers are established, with projection altitude angle variations set from 0 to 40 degrees. The results show the temperature gradient favors reflectors at a distance of 5 cm, reaching 312 K at 1:00 pm. The temperature on the solar collector and reflector increases at a distance of 5 cm, reaching 318 K. The opacity wall absorbs solar radiation better than the obstruction wall, converting it into heat at 315 K. The altitude angle of 0 is better than 40 degrees, as the reflector reflects the radiation through tubes, resulting in higher solar radiation. The presence of the reflector improves the angle to 0 compared to 40 degrees. This knowledge represents the ease of choosing the angle of incident solar radiation in terms of installing solar collectors. © 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: integrated pressure reflective wall renewable energy solar water heater sustainable heating thermal efficiency
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85192347676

Improvement and optimization of a combined biomass-feed plant for power and hydrogen production

2024
Hai T.; Majdi H.S.; Zhou J.; Solomin E.; Sinaga N.; Diyoke C.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 51, pp. 1437-1455
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03603199
School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, China; College of Engineering and Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou Province, Duyun, 558000, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Qiannan, Duyun, 558000, China; Department of Power Generation Stations, Network and Supply Systems, Institute of Engineering and Technology, South Ural State University, Russian Federation; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Faculty of Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Nigeria
Climatic changes, exhaustion of resources, air and water pollution are the detrimental consequences of mismanaging the use of fossil fuels. Likewise, the low performance of the traditional energy-conversion plants encourages scientists to replace these plants with hybrid systems. Accordingly, this study suggests a biomass-based combined system encompassing a gasifier, a gas turbine, a S–CO2 unit, along with a hot water heater. This system will be analyzed from exergy, and economic point of view also using the genetic algorithm optimization tool multi-objective optimization is carried out. The parametric analysis to evaluate the influences of various variables on the plant operation. It was found that the changing rp of the compressor have a small impact on the efficiencies while it increases the total exergy efficiency and cost. The largest exergy destruction rate of the plant was for the compressor unit with 7391 kW. After that the combustion chamber with 2124 kW represents the worst performance from exergy destruction rate point of view. The optimization is done according to five decision parameters of moisture content, compressor pressure ratio, T9, T14, and P36. The objective functions were energy efficiency, exergy destruction rate, and total product cost rate. According to the results of multi-aspect optimization in the optimum point the energy efficiency, exergy destruction and cost of electricity are 33.44%, 12448.1 kw and 130.57 $/h, respectively. © 2023
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biomass Genetic algorithm Optimum state Thermodynamic analysis
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85168387127

A theoretical study on symmetrical non-fullerene electron acceptors molecules on BDTPT based derivatives to enhance photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells

2024
Semab A.; Ayub A.R.; Zahid S.; Amin M.A.; Aljohani M.; Almutairi F.M.; Jabir M.S.; Majdi H.; Hasanin T.H.A.; Khera R.A.
Computational and Theoretical Chemistry , Vol. 1241
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2210271X
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
An innovative and promising approach to developing sustainable energy solutions and promoting an eco-friendly society is the use of organic solar cells. The key component for a solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell is the photoactive layer's embedded donor and acceptor components. This research presents seven modified molecules comprising the A–D–A type structural configuration, entitled A1–A7. All these designed moieties exhibit marvelous outcomes in optoelectronic features, including λmax and band gap, owing to non-fullerene acceptors in the terminal regions. All these compounds are computationally assessed by employing B3LYP at 6-31G (d,p) basis set using chloroform solvent. Compared to the reference molecule, the designed molecules (A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A7) have reflected breakthrough results. The prerequisite for directing the practical application of designed acceptors is the efficient charge transfer, evidenced by coupling the J61 donor complex with the designed A5 acceptor. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell Charge transfer Non-covalent interactions Non-fullerene acceptors Open-circuit voltage
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 114891 | EID: 2-s2.0-85205357172

EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION STUDY FOR IMPROVING THE SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY BY USING ALUMINUM HEAT SINKS

2024
Elmnifi M.; Mansur A.N.; Hassan A.K.; Abdullah A.R.; Ayed S.K.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Proceedings on Engineering Sciences , Vol. 6 (1), pp. 161-170
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 26202832
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Belgorod Technical University, Bright Star University, Elbriga, Libya; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Al-Zueitina, Libya; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Material Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The research conducted deals with the use of an aluminum heat sink, which is usually used to cool electronic cores and integrated circuits, to cool a solar cell and study the effect of microprocessors and integrated circuits on the performance and temperature of the cell. In this study, an experiment was carried out and simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The results showed that increasing the temperature of the solar cell leads to an accelerated decrease in the open circuit voltage, but when a heat sink is used, the increasing temperature of the cell is reduced more slowly over the same period. Thus, the open circuit voltage drop is reduced more slowly as well, which means the cell operates more efficiently under the same conditions. The temperatures are 290 K at the lowest point and 350 K at the highest point, which shows that heat is being dissipated from the solar cell to the heat sink. It is evident that as the heat sink's number of fins increases, the rate at which heat is transferred increases because the enhanced heat transfer that results from having more fins lowers the heat sink's temperature. These findings can help improve the efficiency of solar power generation and increase the efficiency of solar cells in converting solar energy into electrical energy. © 2024 Published by Faculty of Engineeringg.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cooling Efficiency Energy Heat sink Solar cell
DOI Scopus
Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac | EID: 2-s2.0-85188449242

DMLS-Based Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg Alloy Samples and Investigation of Heat Treatment Effects on Mechanical Properties for Biomedical Applications

2024
Prasad R.M.; Kempaiah U.N.; Santhosh N.; Naik N.C.K.; Nagaraj B.; Prakash C.; Al-Mansour A.I.; Alam S.; Majdi H.S.; Mohammed S.J.
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 22502122
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering, Near ITPB, Whitefield, Bangalore, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, BGS College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, 560086, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, India; Center for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, Chandigarh, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Metal-additive manufacturing (AM) has evolved into a technologically competent method for manufacturing critical components, particularly intricate metal parts, with applications spanning the aerospace, automotive, medical, and fashion industries. Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique, a form of laser powder bed fusion, has emerged as a prominent technique for processing aluminum alloys due to their lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. This research paper investigates the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys produced using DMLS, focusing on the impact of heat treatment before and after processing. The study aims to identify gaps in current research and propose future directions. The paper analyzes AM-fabricated samples’ microstructure and tensile, compression, and impact properties in their initial state and after heat treatment using established characterization methods. The findings highlight the influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical characteristics. The paper emphasizes the significance of AM, particularly DMLS, in fabricating intricate metal components from aluminum alloys. It explores the mechanical properties of these alloys subjected to ‘pre’ and ‘post’ heat treatment, aiming to identify research gaps and potential avenues for further investigation. The use of the metal AM process for producing the samples has proved beneficial, as their properties are far better, even without any post-treatment. On the contrary, the heat treatment reduces the mechanical properties of Metal-AM samples, unlike in conventional manufacturing processes. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Additive Manufacturing Laser Powder Bed Fusion Characterization Direct Metal Laser Sintering Metal powder Microstructure
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 145743 | EID: 2-s2.0-85212824229

Experimental and Numerical Study of Maximum Welding Joint Temperature Impacts in Alloy Steel Pipe Welding Microstructure, Distortion, Corrosion Resistance, and Mechanical Properties

2024
Amin S.A.; Abdulhasan A.A.; Mohammed M.S.; Majdi H.S.
Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances , Vol. 34 (6), pp. 775-786
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 11697954
Engineering of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Techniques, College of Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10017, Iraq; Department of Metallurgy Engineering, Al-Mustafa University College, Baghdad, 10023, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 1006, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This study investigates how welding currents influence maximum temperature exchange cross welding joints. The study also examines how these modifications impact the alloy steel pipe welding deformation, corrosion resistance, microstructure, and mechanical properties. This study utilizes numerical models and experimental methods using finite element (FE) technique. Study used SolidWorks software program to generate three-dimensional thermos elastic-plastic finite element models. ANSYS software used to analyze a simulation model, including a double-ellipsoidal heat source model, material properties dependent on temperature, and the influence of geometric parameters. The finite element models' correctness was validated by comparing simulation results and empirically obtained data. Both computational techniques and observations indicate that higher maximum welding joint heat substantially affects the development of distortion, change of microstructure, and the resulting impact on joint corrosion resistance. The numerical findings of this research are significant for comprehending the precision needed to capture welding process's essential intricacies. From welding engineering perspective, this work's conclusions are relevant. They demonstrate transverse residual stress fields caused by short fillet welds concentrated in certain areas and have much higher peak magnitudes than continuous pipe welds. ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ANSYS FE models polygonal ferrite SolidWorks Widmanstatten ferrite
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85213454229

Physical analysis of photocatalytic membrane (AFM, contact angle, pore size, and porosity)

2024
Alsalhy Q.F.; Abood T.W.; Shibeeb K.M.; Majdi H.S.
Advanced Ceramics for Photocatalytic Membranes: Synthesis Methods, Characterization and Performance Analysis, and Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment , pp. 239-294
1 استشهاد Book chapter English
Department of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Technology Research Unit, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
Membranes with photocatalytic activity can bestow a promising potential for energy-efficient water purification and wastewater treatment. In a single unit, these membranes can merge the physical separation of membrane filtration processes along with the organic degradation and antibacterial features achieved by photocatalysis. This chapter discusses the cutting-edge research concerning the advancements of membrane modification employing semiconductor nanomaterials and many others. The influence of these semiconductor nanomaterials on surface and structural changes, for example, surface roughness, hydrophilicity, mean pore size and porosity of the membrane have been thoroughly discussed besides the performance efficiency and antifouling resistance of modified membranes. According to recent developments witnessed in the photocatalytic membranes field, a summary and future perspectives have been provided. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: fouling Photocatalytic membranes polymeric membranes semiconductors wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
Elsevier | EID: 2-s2.0-85198688397

Increasing Photovoltaic Panel Thermal Efficiency Using Phase Change Materials and Heatsinks: A Numerical and Analytical Study

2024
Jaber H.J.; Mousa Al-Musawi S.T.; Abdullah A.R.; Ayed S.K.; Majdi H.S.; Alderoubi N.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 11 (3), pp. 611-618
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa, 54002, Iraq; Department of Reconstruction and Projects, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology, Al- Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Lincoln Campus, Southeast Community College, Nebraska, Lincoln, 68521, United States
In order to mitigate the global energy problem and address environmental issues, it is becoming more important to include renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) panels. However, the working temperature of PV panels has a major influence on their efficiency, which may result in a decrease in energy conversion efficiency and hasten deterioration. Phase change materials (PCMs) and heatsinks have been the focus of current research to improve the thermal performance of PV panels. Using PCMs and heatsinks, this work gives a thorough numerical and analytical examination targeted at improving the thermal efficiency of PV panels. The proposed study uses a multiphysics method to examine the performance of different PCM-based cooling systems in combination with conventional heatsinks by integrating heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and phase change phenomena. In order to do the numerical simulations, a complex mathematical model must be created and include important factors such as the surrounding temperature, solar radiation, panel material qualities, and PCM characteristics. The study investigates the transient behavior of the PCM during the charging and discharging processes, maximizing its heat storage and release capabilities. This is done by using verified computational techniques. The result of changing the thickness of the fin helps to understand the process of transferring thermal energy from the solar panel and passing it to the phase change material. The thickness of 1 mm was the surface temperature of 46.95 degrees Celsius, while the thickness of 2 mm was the temperature of the surface of the plate at 45.734 degrees Celsius. At a thickness of 3 mm, temperatures went down to 44.665 degrees Celsius. The benefit of reducing the temperatures on the surface of a solar panel is to obtain high efficiency and generate the largest possible capacity. A power voltage diagram with varying fin thickness shows that the value of the capacity increases with the increase in the thickness. The basic principle for comparison and understanding of the case is to increase the electrical efficiency, which is the basis for understanding the improvement in temperature. © 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD heat sink phase change material photovoltaic panels Simulink thermal efficiency
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85189964008

Retraction notice to “Prediction of busulfan solubility in supercritical CO2 using tree-based and neural network-based methods” [J. Mol. Liq. 351 (2022) 118630] (Journal of Molecular Liquids (2022) 351, (S0167732222001672), (10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118630))

2024
Tianhao Z.; Majdi H.S.; Bokov D.O.; Abdelbasset W.K.; Thangavelu L.; Su C.-H.; Nguyen H.C.; Alashwal M.; Ghazali S.
Journal of Molecular Liquids , Vol. 409
Erratum Open Access English ISSN: 01677322
School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Yunan province, 650091, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Department of Computer Science, Jeddah International College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. In investigating concerns brought up regarding the citations of the article, the Editor reached out to the authors for an explanation. Post-publication, the Editor also discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. In summary, the author names May Alashwal and Sami Ghazali were added to the revised paper without explanation and without exceptional approval by the journal Editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. The Editor reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide any explanation to the above points. Overall, the Editor feels that the findings of the manuscript cannot be relied upon, and the article needs to be retracted. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 125523 | EID: 2-s2.0-85198721979

Investigation of Welding Heat Input Influences on the Characteristics of Welded Joint of Storage Tank Wall Using Multiple Passes

2024
Amin S.A.; Kareem A.H.; Marhoon I.I.; Noori Kattab D.A.A.; Majdi H.S.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 57 (4), pp. 963-973
Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Engineering of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Techniques, College of Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; Mechanical Dep. Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra, 62001, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq; Production Engineering and Metallurgy Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The correlation of welding input heat and microstructure and its impacts on multi-pass mechanical properties in storage tanks alloy steel plate of thickness 6mm using multiple passes SMAW was investigated experimentally and using SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS thermal and Mechanical Simulator. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) dimension was calculated, and the deformation in each pass was also calculated. Optical microscopy was used to characterize the weld metal microstructure effects on joint mechanical properties, the effects of the three pass sequences in deformation, and the resulting alterations in weld metal microstructure. In addition, the impact of this alteration in corrosion resistance characteristics was investigated, and steel samples were simulated. The investigation results illustrated increasing the weldment deformation with increasing heat inputs in the three-pass sequence. The welding joint microstructure shows a big difference in M-A (martensite-austenite) phase formation between the first, second, and third pass microstructure. In addition, the microstructure examinations showed the formation of AF (acicular ferrite) in the third pass, with a higher percentage in the second and first pass. This research demonstrated scientific information about the expected deformation of each pass from the three welding joints, the alteration in microstructures, and the corrosion resistance of the weldment according to the alteration with welding heat input. Copyright: ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: AF formation ANSYS corrosion resistance M-A phase SOLIDWORKS design
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85202504351

Simulation of an Ammonia-Carbon Dioxide Transcritical Cascade Refrigeration System

2024
Hussen H.M.; Rahman M.H.; Majdi H.S.; Saleh K.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 11 (4), pp. 943-952
Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
This study aims to evaluate the viability of employing ammonia (R717), a naturally existing refrigerant, within a transcritical cascade refrigeration configuration. The low temperature (LT) cycle of the cascade transcritical refrigeration system is driven by carbon dioxide, while the high temperature (HT) cycle is propelled by ammonia. Furthermore, the proposed transcritical cascade cycle has the potential to be utilized not just for cooling purposes but also for heat generation. The thermal performance of the cascade cycle has been evaluated for several combinations of design and operational parameters, leading to the identification of optimal presentation metrics like COPheating, COPcooling, COPsys, and the mass flow ratio of R717/R744. The low-temperature cycle is dependent on two specific temperatures that are considered design parameters: the temperature of the evaporator and the temperature at which the gas cooler outlet is set. The analysis demonstrates that the coefficient of performance (COP) for cooling remains relatively constant, with values of approximately 0.601 at 32℃ and 0.680 at 40℃. This suggests that variations in the evaporator temperature do not significantly impact the COP of the system. The impact of increasing discharge pressure on the system's coefficient of performance (COP), heating, and cooling becomes apparent. An inverse correlation exists between the discharge pressure and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. Specifically, the COP is measured at 0.791 when the discharge pressure is 8000 kPa, and it decreases to 0.620 when the discharge pressure increases to 12000kPa. © 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: ammonia-carbon dioxide refrigeration cascade refrigeration system coefficient of performance heating and cooling performance natural refrigerants R717/R744 transcritical transcritical cascade system
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85192363093

Scrutiny of a Bi-evaporator poly-generation system includes distilled water production unit: Comparative study and Bi-objective optimization

2024
Hai T.; Zhou J.; Majdi H.S.; Singh P.K.; Almujibah H.; Rajab H.; Ibrahim Almohana A.; El-Shafai W.; Fahad Almojil S.
Renewable Energy , Vol. 223
Article English ISSN: 09601481
School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Guizhou, Duyun, 558000, China; Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800, Malaysia; Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou, Guizhou, Duyun, 558000, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Institute of Engineering & Technology, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281001, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Alasala University, Office: King Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Rd., P.O.Box: 12666, Amanah, Dammam, 31483, Saudi Arabia; Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
While geothermal energy is typically associated with beneficial environmental effects, it is crucial to acknowledge that it can lead to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the implementation of geothermal systems should include an environmental assessment. This study presents and evaluates an innovative geothermal-powered bi-evaporator poly-generation system from seven perspectives: thermodynamic, extended-environmental, exergoenvironmental, exergoeconomic, net present value, and bi-objective optimization. The designed ploy-generation system comprises a desalination unit, a unit for extracting hydrogen, and a modified organic flash cycle, all integrated with a single geothermal flash cycle. These subsystems work in unison to create a comprehensive and integrated system for simultaneously generating purified water, green hydrogen, electricity, and meeting refrigeration load requirements. Regarding the findings at the base mode, the designed system is able to generate net power, refrigeration load, distilled water, and H2 production rates of 244.9 kW, 741.4 kW, 0.4443 kg/s, and 1.062 kg/h, respectively. By employing NSGA-II optimization, the values of commodities are substantially increased, which enhanced the poly-generation system product cost and energetic efficiency by 7.13 % and 30.48 %. Also, the net electricity selling price significantly affects NPV, so the payback period reduces to 8.56 years. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Desalination Environmental analysis Exergoeconomic H<sub>2</sub> extraction Net present value NSGA-II method Poly-generation system
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 119993 | EID: 2-s2.0-85184493566

Comparative Analysis of Electrode Performance and Thermal Treatments in SMAW of Dissimilar Metal Joints

2024
Hamdey M.D.; Kareem A.H.; Ali B.M.; Eleiwi M.A.; Majdi H.S.; Aldabbagh M.M.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 42 (6), pp. 2173-2184
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, 64040, Iraq; Mechanical Techniques Department, Amarah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Basra, 44001, Iraq; Department of Construction Engineering and Project Management, College of Engineering, Alnoor University, Mosul, 41012, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, 34010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Power Mechanics Technology Department, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, 36001, Iraq
AISI 316 stainless steel and ASTM A516 alloy steel weldment characteristics investigated according to filler materials and post weld heat treatment performance. The welding was performed using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with two types of filler metals, E7018 and E310, and PWHT was carried out at three temperatures: 600℃, 630℃, and 650℃. Welded joints' mechanical performance encompassed tensile and bending tests, and micro-hardness measurements, in addition to microstructural and fractographical examination employed for this purpose. Results evidenced that tensile strength and elongation of welded steel using E7018 electrode were 518 MPa and 28.1%, respectively, which showed relatively high strength. The results show steel welded with E310 electrode had higher mechanical properties, with the best balance between strength and ductility. In addition, post welding heat treatment improving mechanical properties by minimizing residual stress and refining grain structure. E7018 welded joints failure load increased to 86 KN after PWHT and the ultimate tensile strength increased to 525 MPa, further, microstructure analysis of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope shows PWHT has good effect on ductility improvement and hardness reduction. New microstructures with finer grain size and increased ferrite phase observed, which enhanced tensile and bend strength. ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: dissimilar welding electrode selection post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) SMAW weld zone microstructure
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85215261335

Pinch Analysis of Multi Stage of Micro Heat Exchanger

2024
Hussein H.A.; Sehen M.S.; Mezher M.K.; Alderoubi N.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 42 (4), pp. 1200-1208
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Power Mechanics Techniques Department, Technical Institute-Suwaira, Middle Technical University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Technical Mechanics Department, Technical Institute-Suwaira, Middle Technical University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Lincoln Campus, Southeast Community College, Lincoln, 68521, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This study employs pinch analysis to optimize the performance of multi-stage micro heat exchangers (MHEs) in industrial applications. The research pinpoints crucial pinch points that optimize heat transfer potential and employs advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to forecast flow patterns and temperature profiles. The analysis emphasizes comprehensive design considerations and provides actionable guidelines to enhance the performance and sustainability of MHEs across various industrial applications. Key findings include that tubes with a 2 mm diameter exhibit higher heat exchange efficiency compared to those with a 3 mm diameter, and the optimal pipe spacing for heat exchange efficiency is 7.5 mm. These results are validated through HYSYS-generated pinch analysis charts, revealing economic benefits for specific tube diameters and spacing's. The strain contrast improved for the 5 mm pipe separating line. The pipe diameter of 2 mm showed lower convergence between hot and cold composite curves, suggesting economic benefits for 2 mm heat exchangers. The pinch point hot and cold temperatures were 54.65, 41.58, and 35.46 degrees Celsius, respectively. ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: fluent HYSYS micro heat exchanger multi stage pinch analysis
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85203308744

Pinch Analysis of a Heat Exchanger Using Numerical and Analytical Simulation

2024
Hadi F.M.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 42 (2), pp. 399-406
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
College of Electrical Engineering Techniques, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The thermal energy transfer characteristics of heat exchangers with thermal fins and evaluates their economic feasibility. It uses computational fluid dynamics simulations and economic analyses to examine various fin geometries, materials, and configurations. The results reveal that fin design parameters, such as height, thickness, spacing, and material properties, significantly influence heat transfer efficiency. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing these parameters to balance thermal performance and cost-effectiveness. The findings guide engineers and policymakers in selecting and optimizing thermal fins. A range of water flow speeds of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 m/s was used, and the dimensions of the fins were reduced in a manner commensurate with the nature of thermal energy transfer and to reduce the manufacturing cost. The study shows that thermal energy transfer through fins increases with fluid flow speed, with the pipe's exit temperature reaching 88 degrees Celsius at 0.1 m/s and 96 degrees Celsius at 0.5 m/s. The fins' temperature distribution varies, reaching 88 degrees Celsius, 94 degrees Celsius due to fin length changes, and 91 degrees Celsius despite fin size changes. The study also analyzed energy transfer through different shapes and flow speeds, finding that shape 1 transferred 340 W at 1 m/s, shape 2 decreased to 144 W, and shape 3 increased surface area but not volume. © 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
الكلمات المفتاحية: economic performance heat exchangers simulation thermal energy transfer thermal fins
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85191994807

Nano-Iron Oxide Coating for Enhanced Heat Transfer in Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Systems

2024
Faraj F.H.; Ali J.M.; Najim S.T.; Sultan A.J.; Alardhi S.M.; Majdi H.S.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 8 (1)
Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, 10072, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, 65409-1230, MO, United States; Nanotechnology and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This study explores using iron oxide coatings on glass beads to improve heat transfer efficiency in fluidized bed reactors. Techniques such as BET surface area analysis, SEM imaging, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the coated beads. Results showed the successful creation of a crystalline iron layer on the beads’ surface and increased thermal conductivity, especially at elevated temperatures. The study also quantified the impact of air surface velocity and heating power on the heat transfer coefficient, revealing substantial improvements, especially at higher velocities. It was found that the heat transfer coefficient for 600 µm glass beads increases significantly from 336.4 W/m2·K to 390.3 W/m2·K when the velocity is 0.27 m/s and the heating flux is 125 W. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the iron oxide coating in improving heat transfer. The results of this study emphasize the efficacy of iron oxide coatings in augmenting heat transmission characteristics, particularly in fluidized bed reactor. © 2024 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: coating characterization computational fluid dynamics fluidized bed reactors heat transfer enhancement nano-iron oxide coating
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 9 | EID: 2-s2.0-85185673901

Study of End-Effector of (2DOF) Five-Bar Robot Positioning: Accuracy, Modeling and Simulation

2024
Al-Azzawi M.M.; Majdi H.S.; Abdullah A.R.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 57 (2), pp. 335-344
Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Closed-chain parallel robots play a vital role in industrial applications especially in automating production processes using end-effector robots. Understanding and optimizing these systems is essential to optimize manufacturing processes, enhance accuracy and reduce errors. This study delves into an automated system consisting of five planar joints, including kinematics, dynamics, path planning, electric motors, driving systems, and the use of algorithms to enhance location accuracy through automatic control using Matlab-Simulink. Realistic computer simulations were also used to verify the validity of these methods within the studied system. The research also aims to develop this field by developing advanced control algorithms for motors, and also proposing simplified automatic control algorithms. It also aims to enhance position accuracy, taking into account evaluation metrics such as repeatability and positional error, all through discussing potential real-world applications or practical implications of the proposed control algorithms. and improved accuracy, such that this work contributes to the continued development of closed-chain parallel robots and their practical applications in industrial environments. © 2024 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: five-bar planar robot gripping positioning accuracy Matlab-Simulink
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85192741871

Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of Single U Welding Joint and Unsymmetrical Double U Welding Joint of Thick Steel Alloy Plates

2024
Al-Tamermi O.H.A.; Alderoubi N.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Zuhairi H.M.I.; Hashim A.M.; Habeeb L.J.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 42 (4), pp. 1385-1396
Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Training and Workshop Center, University of Wasit, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Design and Drafting Technology Department, Lincoln Campus, Southeast Community College, Lincoln, 68521, NE, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Engineering of Technical Mechanical Power Department, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, 62001, Iraq
The development of an accurate and meticulously designed simulation model for heat distribution during welding has helped maintain the popularity of welding as a reliable approach for attaching components. A simulated heat source involves uneven heating, resulting in uneven deformation and stress. An ANSYS simulation is used to analyze the stress in a welded flat plate. The simulation models are created using SOLIDWORKS software. The model employs the temperature-dependent characteristics of alloy steel to function as a thermal model that evaluates stress and the distribution of heat within the structure. This study offers a comprehensive examination of welded joints through the utilization of THERMO-MECHANICAL Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tools, specifically ANSYS. The study focuses especially on the analysis of single U and unsymmetrical double U welding connections. The study examined the heat distribution, thermal loads, and impacts on fixtures associated with welding, specifically focusing on the design of the welding joint. The results indicate that the heat from welding caused a maximum deformation of 0.55 mm for the single U joint and 0.54 mm for the double U welding joints. Both joint configurations displayed significant thermal stress at a distance of 5 mm from the center of the weld. According to the ANSYS models, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) has a length of 45.4 mm for a single U joint and 53.6 mm for an unsymmetrical double U joint. The second aspect of this investigation involves assessing the comparative durability or thermal strains of various depositions in the previously mentioned joint. Moreover, it is essential to assess the expected heat distortion and stress when examining prospective welding materials for on-site use. This will enhance the implementation of the material. ©2024 The authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ANSYS simulation deformation fusion zone normal stress unsymmetrical double U joints
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85203438362

BLOOD FLOW INSPECTION IN FUSIFORM ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS

2024
Ali A.J.; Chaichan M.T.; Majdi H.S.; Jehhef K.A.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 19 (6), pp. 2207-2224
Article English ISSN: 18234690
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Centre, University of Technology, Baghdad, 35050, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Engineering Technical College-Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
An experimental and numerical examination was presented to study the effect of various dimensions and configurations for the fusiform abdominal aortic aneurysms FAAA. The experimental work includes a test section made from acrylic plastic with inlet and exit sections of 10 cm. The test section represents the FAAA region, and it has a semi-major axis that represents the longest radius of FAAA and a semi-minor axis that represents the shortest radius of FAAA. The results indicated that the friction factor increased with increasing the semi-major axis of FAAA, and the maximum friction factor is obtained when test model-6 of a = 36 mm and b = 7 mm by 62% as compared with without an aneurysm model. The highest wall shear stress levels are obtained downstream of the FAAA for model-4, with a = 72 mm and b = 14 mm by about 77%. The numerical results showed that the highest values of friction factor and wall shear stress levels were obtained in the upstream and downstream of FAAA. Also, the friction coefficients upstream and downstream are 0.282 and 0.235, respectively, and the wall shear stresses obtained upstream and downstream are 0.473 and 0.243, respectively, for model 4. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Aortic Aneurysms Fusiform Hemodynamic Newtonian Blood flow Vascular disease
Scopus
Taylor's University | EID: 2-s2.0-85216361248

Design and Simulation of a Biocompatible Prosthesis Ti-15Mo-XTa Alloy: An Analysis of Mechanical Integrity Using Finite Element Modeling

2024
Saud A.N.; Majdi H.S.; Koç E.; Al Maamori M.
IFMBE Proceedings , Vol. 91, pp. 305-312
Conference paper English ISSN: 16800737
Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Biomedical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Türkiye
The main focus of this work is the development and simulation of a prosthesis using a high entropy alloy known as Ti-15Mo-XTa. The selection of this alloy is based on its compatibility with the human body, which is a crucial factor when choosing materials for medical implants. Traditional metal implants can cause several problems for patients, including toxic reactions from the release of metal ions, wear and tear of joint replacements from movement, and structural failure from repetitive loading. To address these concerns, the present study creates a three-dimensional finite element model of the prosthesis using COMSOL software. The model includes both isotropic and anisotropic materials and is subjected to various mechanical loads based on experimental studies. The finite element method is used to analyze the distribution of stress and strain across adjacent elements of the prosthesis. By simulating the behavior of the prosthesis under different loading conditions, valuable insights into its performance and durability can be gained. To assess the static design, the prosthesis is tested using COMSOL simulation software and subjected to loading conditions of 70, 90 and 110 kg. The objective of this assessment is to determine the robustness and ability of the design to withstand real-world mechanical demands. By conducting these simulations and tests, the researchers hope to contribute to the development of improved prostheses that can offer better functionality, longevity and overall patient satisfaction. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
الكلمات المفتاحية: COMSOL software Femur Finite element analysis Ti-alloy
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-85172415065

Modification of Acrylic Paint by Acetamide to Be Antibacterial Used for Medical Applications

2024
Al Maamori M.; Majdi H.S.; Kareem A.; Saud A.N.
IFMBE Proceedings , Vol. 91, pp. 313-323
Conference paper English ISSN: 16800737
Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Polymer and Petrochemical Industrials, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Biomedical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
This study aimed to develop an innovative approach to produce an organic antibacterial composite material by combining acrylic paint and acetamide through a simple mixing method. Acetamide, known for its potent antibacterial properties, underwent a thorough evaluation to assess its effectiveness in the composite. The antibacterial properties were evaluated using established methods such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the agar well diffusion test. These tests provided quantitative and qualitative measures of inhibitory activity against two common bacterial strains, namely S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The results showed a clear correlation between the concentration of acetamide in the composite and its antibacterial activity. Higher concentrations of acetamide led to a significant increase in the effectiveness of the composite material against the targeted bacterial strains. In addition to the antibacterial properties, the mechanical and physical properties of the composite material were also analyzed comprehensively. Parameters such as wettability, swelling ratio and chemical structure were thoroughly investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. This comprehensive characterization enabled a detailed understanding of the behavior and performance of the composite material. The results of this study are auspicious in the context of operating rooms. The proposed composite antibacterial polymer coatings, utilizing organic or inorganic agents at low concentrations, represent an effective solution to eliminate bacteria and maintain a sterile environment. These coatings can be applied to operating room walls and offer improved infection control and reduced bacterial contamination risk. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Acrylic paint/acetamide Antibacterial polymer MIC and Agar well diffusion
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-85172416433

Performance Analysis of Motor Vibration Based Condition Monitoring Using R-curve

2024
Pavan Kumar B.K.; Basavaraj Y.; Janamatti S.V.; Algburi S.; Majdi H.Sh.; Mohammed S.J.; Nagaral M.; Nalband F.; Namdev N.; Auradi V.
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels , Vol. 72 (5), pp. 433-438
Article Open Access English ISSN: 00222755
Mechanical Engineering Department, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Karnataka, Ballari, 583104, India; Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, 36015, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Aircraft Research and Design Centre, HAL, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560037, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, APS Polytechnic, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560082, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Tumakuru, 572103, India
Traditional techniques of manually extracting characteristics from monitoring data need skill in signal processing and previous knowledge in failure detection, which is seldom possible on a machinery big data platform. As a result, a unique approach for automatically extracting adaptive fault characteristics from monitoring data and intelligently diagnosing fault patterns is projected to accomplish rotating equipment problem identification on a machinery big data platform. This study is focused on knowledge acquired from vibration analysis and applying towards condition monitoring techniques. Results showed 99.87% accuracy level of vibration that improves the performance of motor. © 2024, Informatics Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Condition monitoring FFT Analyzer Maintenance Neural Network Vibration
DOI Scopus
Informatics Publishing Limited | EID: 2-s2.0-85210550058

Impact of Industrial Heat Exchanger on Flow Regime Identification in Bubble and Slurry Bubble Columns for Fischer Tropsch Application

2024
Makki D.S.; Majdi H.S.; Abdulrahman A.A.; Sultan A.J.; Kadhim B.J.; Hasan Z.W.
Petroleum Chemistry , Vol. 64 (1), pp. 31-41
Article English ISSN: 09655441
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Abstract: To improve the design and scale-up processes of bubble column reactors (BCRs), it is necessary to characterize the hydrodynamics by means of flow regime behavior. This study examines the impact of industrial heat exchangers and superficial gas velocities on flow regimes, pressure drop, and gas holdup in BC and SBC. A simulated Fischer–Tropsch bubble column is constructed. The experimental study utilized a Perspex column with a diameter of 0.14 m. Moreover, 18 copper tubes with a 0.16 m diameter are fitted into the bubble column. The selection of tubes in SBC was carried out in accordance with TEMA recommendations to ensure optimal heat dissipation. These tubes were made to resemble the industrial Fischer–Tropsch reactor by covering 25% of the bubble column’s cross-sectional area. In order to enhance the measurement and comprehension of the hydrodynamics within the reactor, this study employs a method measured the total gas hold-up and detected pressure fluctuations using three differential pressure transducers (Keller type PA 21Y/4). The column was equipped with a perforated plate air distributor, and glass beads were used as the solid phase. The gas distributor is constructed of porous polyethylene with pore sizes of 0.5 mm and plate thicknesses of 3 mm. To comprehend and assess the impact of tube configuration on the pressure drop; gas holdup; and regime transition velocities, the experimental data were recorded across a broad range of superficial gas velocities (i.e., 0.036–0.27 m/s). The findings suggest that higher superficial gas velocities result in amplified pressure fluctuations, with a recorded increase of 0.108 to 0.15 bar in pressure drop at a gas velocity of 0.27 m/s in the air-water system. Equipping the bubble/slurry bubble column with an industrial heat exchanger to the bubble/slurry bubble column resulted in a modest increase in pressure drop of around 0.042 bar, which disrupted the uniform flow and delayed regime transitions. Furthermore, the inclusion of solids leads to a 10% decrease in gas holdup, while the heat exchanger only slightly improves it by 5%. Drift flux analysis is a helpful tool for determining transition points. In the case of U-shaped heat exchanger tubes, the transition velocities can be altered by 1.7 m/s in BC. The results of this investigation will offer an exhaustive understanding of fluid dynamics as well as guidance in the design of reactors for extremely exothermic processes. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2024.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bubble column flow pattern industrial heat exchanger tubes slurry
DOI Scopus
Pleiades Publishing | EID: 2-s2.0-85194172175

Studies on remediation of neutral red using water insoluble β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers in aqueous solution

2024
Jayanayak G.M.; Shashikanth S.; Ahmed S.; Karunakar P.; Ukkund S.J.; Majdi H.S.; Alfaisal F.M.; Alam S.
AIP Advances , Vol. 14 (12)
Article Open Access English ISSN: 21583226
Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Karnataka, Mysuru, 570005, India; Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Karnataka, Mysuru, 570006, India; Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Kumaraswamy Layout, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560078, India; Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, Mangalore, 574153, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
The increasing global contamination of dyes in natural waters has highlighted the need for versatile and effective cleanup methods. In this study, water-insoluble β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers, including CA/β-CD, MA/β-CD, and TA/β-CD, were synthesized by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin with three different organic acids: citric acid (CA), tartaric acid (TA), and malic acid (MA). This synthesis aimed to create polymers with distinct properties by incorporating these acids into the β-Cyclodextrin framework. The resulting polymers were characterized using various advanced analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The synthesized polymers were then used to adsorb neutral red dye from aqueous solutions. The study explored various conditions for adsorption, including pH, adsorbent mass, dye concentration, temperature, and contact time, as well as adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Among the polymers, CA/β-CD, with its higher content of carboxyl groups, showed the highest efficiency in adsorbing neutral red dye under all tested conditions. The CA/β-CD adsorbent achieved 92% removal efficiency, with the dye being attracted to the negatively charged carboxyl ions through electrostatic forces, effectively removing it from water. These findings suggest that water-insoluble cyclodextrin-based polymers could be cost-effective adsorbents for removing dye from aqueous solutions. © 2024 Author(s).
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics | Art. 125206 | EID: 2-s2.0-85211064178

Correction to: Synthesizing and Characterizing a Mesoporous Silica Adsorbent for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture in a Fixed-Bed System (Catalysts, (2023), 13, 9, (1267), 10.3390/catal13091267)

2024
Hasan H.F.; Al-Sudani F.T.; Albayati T.M.; Salih I.K.; Harharah H.N.; Majdi H.S.; Saady N.M.C.; Zendehboudi S.; Amari A.
Catalysts , Vol. 14 (1)
Erratum Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., Baghdad, 35010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada; Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada
In the original publication [1], there was an error regarding the affiliation for Abdelfattah Amari; the updated affiliation should include: Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. © 2024 by the authors.
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 72 | EID: 2-s2.0-85183417467

Social Marketing for Change: Strategies to Combat Poverty Through Consumer Engagement in Iraq

2024
Kadhim K.G.; Shakir A.H.; Majeed A.H.; Majdi H.; Harun A.
AgBioForum , Vol. 26 (3), pp. 11-20
Article English ISSN: 1522936X
Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Technical Administrative College, Kufa Under the patronage of the President of Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq; Department of Business Administrative, College of Administrative sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Engineering and, Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Faculty Technology Management and Business, Univirsiti Tun Hussien Oon Malaysia, Johor, Parit Raja, 86400, Malaysia
This research examines the potential of social marketing as a strategic mechanism for alleviating poverty in Iraq through diverse consumer-engagement approaches aimed at fostering awareness and involvement in a pro-poor agenda. Given Iraq’s critical economic challenges, the study highlights how social marketing facilitates tangible behavioural change among consumers to support impoverished communities. Social marketing tools serve to educate individuals on poverty-related issues while simultaneously mobilising resources and support through targeted outreach initiatives, enabling developing nations to address social challenges effectively. A mixed-methods approach was employed to assess the effectiveness of social marketing in motivating consumer participation. A comprehensive questionnaire was utilised to collect data on participants’ awareness of social marketing strategies and their perspectives on assisting those in poverty. Social marketing campaigns actively engage consumers, and this participation generates solutions that contribute to poverty reduction within communities. The findings underscore the efficacy of social marketing in addressing economic challenges and providing practical solutions for poverty relief initiatives. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers and social responsibility professionals in formulating effective strategies to integrate social marketing into poverty alleviation efforts through digital investment partnerships and community-based interventions. © 2024 AgBioForum
الكلمات المفتاحية: Consumer Engagement Poverty Poverty Alleviation Social Marketing
Scopus
University of Missouri | EID: 2-s2.0-86000613812

Leveraging Corporate Social Responsibility for Poverty Alleviation: Exploring CSR Role in Socio-Economic Development in Iraq

2024
Kadhim K.G.; Majeed A.H.; Majdi H.; Shakir A.H.
AgBioForum , Vol. 26 (2), pp. 11-18
Article English ISSN: 1522936X
College of Administrative sciences, Business Administration Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Universitare de Doctorat din ASE Bucureşti, Romania
The present study investigates the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in mitigating poverty in Iraq by examining business-driven CSR initiatives aimed at fostering economic growth, sustainable development, and improving social conditions. In the context of post-conflict Iraq, where poverty is significantly influenced by global challenges and social inequalities, the research undertakes an in-depth analysis of CSR efforts across various industries. It explores how corporations contribute to poverty alleviation through initiatives in education, community collaboration, and economic empowerment programmes. Adopting a quantitative methodology, the study utilises a sample of 357 respondents from the business, government, and other relevant sectors to assess the impact of CSR on socio-economic indicators. The analysis was conducted using Smart-PLS to examine the relationships among variables. The findings reveal that CSR activities focused on health, education, and infrastructure significantly reduce poverty levels in the country. Furthermore, the reduction in poverty is shown to have a positive effect on enhancing economic growth. © (2024), (University of Missouri). All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Corporate Social Responsibility Poverty Alleviation Socio-Economic Development
Scopus
University of Missouri | EID: 2-s2.0-105000540539

Retraction notice to ``Nanomagnetic Salamo-based-Pd(0) Complex: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck cross-coupling reactions in aqueous medium'' [J. Mol. Struct. 1261 (2022) 132930] (Journal of Molecular Structure (2022) 1261, (S0022286022005993), (10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132930))

2024
Jasim S.A.; Ansari M.J.; Majdi H.S.; Opulencia M.J.C.; Uktamov K.F.
Journal of Molecular Structure , Vol. 1306
Erratum English ISSN: 00222860
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Senior teacher at “Economic security” Department, Tashkent State University of Economics, Islam Karimov street 49, Tashkent city, 100066, Uzbekisktan, Uzbekistan
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. In investigating concerns brought up regarding the authorships within the article, the editor reached out to the authors for an explanation. The authors were unable to provide any explanation. As the contributions of the listed authors cannot be confirmed by the editor, the editor no longer has confidence in the content of the article and the article needs to be retracted. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 138123 | EID: 2-s2.0-85188801835
2023
73 بحث

Green Synthesis and Characterizations of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Coherent Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Investigations

2023
Chelliah P.; Wabaidur S.M.; Sharma H.P.; Jweeg M.J.; Majdi H.S.; AL. Kubaisy M.M.R.; Iqbal A.; Lai W.-C.
Water (Switzerland) , Vol. 15 (5)
75 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734441
Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamilnadu, Tirunelveli, 627012, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Business Management, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406, India; College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10070, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Medical Physics, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Materials Technologies, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland; Bachelor Program in Industrial Projects, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, 640301, Taiwan; Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, 640301, Taiwan
Water pollution is a serious concern for developing and undeveloped countries. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is an effective degradation method to restrain the green ecosystem. This research article presents a green, low-cost, and benevolent eco-friendly biosynthesis of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles using Curcuma longa plant extract. The UV and visible region absorbance of Co3O4 nanoparticles estimated the Co2+ and Co3+ transitions on the lattice oxygen, and their bandgap of 2.2 eV was confirmed from the UV-DRS spectroscopy. The cubic structure and spherical shape of Co3O4 nanoparticles were estimated by using XRD and TEM characterizations. Plant molecules aggregation and their agglomerations on the nanoparticles were established from FTIR and EDX spectroscopy. Multiple cobalt valences on the oxygen surfaces and their reaction, bonding, and binding energies were analyzed from XPS measurements. The biogenic Co3O4 nanoparticles were executed against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus—S. aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli—E. coli) bacteria. A gram-positive bacterial strain exhibited great resistivity on Co3O4 nanoparticles. Degradation of organic dye pollutants on the Co3O4 nanoparticles was performed against methylene blue (MB) dye under the conditions of visible light irradiation. Dye degradation efficiency pseudo-first-order kinetics on the pseudo-first-order kinetics denotes the rate of degradation over the MB dye. This research work achieved enhanced degradation potency against toxic organic dye and their radicals are excited from visible light irradiations. Absorption light and charged particle recombinations are reformed and provoked by the plant extract bio-molecules. In this process, there is no inferior yield development, and electrons are robustly stimulated. Furthermore, the biosynthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles determined the potency of bacterial susceptibility and catalytic efficacy over the industrial dye pollutants. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: green synthesis metal oxides nanoparticles photocatalysis zero-valent atoms
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 910 | EID: 2-s2.0-85149932190

Effective adsorption of 2-nitroaniline from wastewater applying mesoporous material MCM-48: equilibrium, isotherm, and mechanism investigation

2023
Mahdi A.E.; Ali N.S.; Majdi H.Sh.; Albayati T.M.; Abdulrahman M.A.; Jasim D.J.; Kalash K.R.; Salih I.K.
Desalination and Water Treatment , Vol. 300, pp. 120-129
67 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19443994
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., P.O. Box, Baghdad, 35010, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; General Company for Food Products, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Environment and Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
In this work, the MCM-48 mesoporous material was prepared and characterized to apply it as an active adsorbent for the adsorption of 2-nitroaniline (2-nitrobenzenamine) from wastewater. The MCM-48 characterizations were specified by implementing various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, pore-size distribution, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The batch adsorption results showed that the MCM-48 was very active for the 2-nitroaniline adsorption from waste-water. The adsorption equilibrium results were analyzed by applying isotherms like Langmuir and Freundlich. The Langmuir isotherm was used to calculate the theoretical and experimental maximal adsorption capacity of 100 and 65 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir model is superior to the Freundlich model for the adsorption of 2-nitroaniline onto the mesoporous material MCM-48. The results demonstrated that the kinetics models of the adsorption are very fast and close to the pseudo-second-order model. The findings of adsorption isotherms and kinetics studies indicate the adsorption mechanism is a chemisorption and physical adsorption process. © 2023 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: 2-Nitrobenzenamine Adsorbent regeneration Adsorption isotherm Adsorption kinetics Adsorption mechanism Characterization MCM-48 Dye removal Mesoporous material
DOI Scopus
Desalination Publications | EID: 2-s2.0-85169444557

Photocatalytic Organic Contaminant Degradation of Green Synthesized ZrO2 NPs and Their Antibacterial Activities

2023
Chelliah P.; Wabaidur S.M.; Sharma H.P.; Majdi H.S.; Smait D.A.; Najm M.A.; Iqbal A.; Lai W.-C.
Separations , Vol. 10 (3)
67 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22978739
Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamilnadu, Tirunelveli, 627012, India; Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Business Management, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Law, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad, 11001, Iraq; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 46036, Iraq; Department of Advanced Materials & Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland; Bachelor Program in Industrial Projects, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, 640301, Taiwan; Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, 640301, Taiwan
The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is an efficient, simple, and chemical-free method of producing nanoparticles. The present work reports the synthesis of Murraya koenigii-mediated ZrO2 nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) and their applications as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent. Capping and stabilization of metal oxide nanoparticles were achieved by using Murraya koenigii leaf extract. The optical, structural, and morphological valance of the ZrO2 NPs were characterized using UV-DRS, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM with EDX, TEM, and XPS. An XRD analysis determined that ZrO2 NPs have a monoclinic structure and a crystallite size of 24 nm. TEM and FESEM morphological images confirm the spherical nature of ZrO2 NPs, and their distributions on surfaces show lower agglomerations. ZrO2 NPs showed high optical absorbance in the UV region and a wide bandgap indicating surface oxygen vacancies and charge carriers. The presence of Zr and O elements and their O=Zr=O bonds was categorized using EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. The plant molecules’ interface, bonding, binding energy, and their existence on the surface of ZrO2 NPs were established from XPS analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using ZrO2 NPs was examined under visible light irradiation. The 94% degradation of toxic MB dye was achieved within 20 min. The antibacterial inhibition of ZrO2 NPs was tested against S. aureus and E. coli pathogens. Applications of bio-synthesized ZrO2 NPs including organic substance removal, pathogenic inhibitor development, catalysis, optical, and biomedical development were explored. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bacterial activity green synthesis Murraya koenigii photocatalysis ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 156 | EID: 2-s2.0-85151162973

Photocatalytic degradation of cefotaxime pharmaceutical compounds onto a modified nanocatalyst

2023
Abbood N.S.; Ali N.S.; Khader E.H.; Majdi H.S.; Albayati T.M.; Saady N.M.C.
Research on Chemical Intermediates , Vol. 49 (1), pp. 43-56
64 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09226168
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., Baghdad, PO Box 35010, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, PO Box 100, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada
The photocatalytic advanced oxidation process as treatment for the removal of cefotaxime pharmaceutical compounds was conducted onto a modified nanocatalyst. Using photocatalysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a suitable and alternative method. Therefore, this study targeted acquiring insights into using ultraviolet (UV) light radiation sources with two types of nanocatalysts (i.e., TiO2 and TiO2/kaolin) to reduce cefotaxime contaminants. The characterization properties of both catalysts were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The study investigated the effects of the irradiation time (10–120 min), cefotaxime concentration (10–40 mg/L), TiO2 dose (0.05–0.2 g), and pH (4–8) on the decomposition cefotaxime. The highest degradation with pure TiO2 was obtained at a contact time of 90 min, cefotaxime concentration of 10 mg/L, TiO2 dose of 0.2 g, and a pH of 4, with a removal efficiency of almost 68%. The results indicated that cefotaxime can easily be oxidized with a TiO2/kaolin catalyst with a removal efficiency of approximately 99.8% when using a UV/H2O2 treatment. The UV/H2O2 oxidation was more effective and sustainable as well as being a promising technique for the treatment of cefotaxime in wastewater. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Advanced oxidation Photocatalytic degradation Photochemical oxidation Ultraviolet irradiation Visible light photocatalysis Wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media B.V. | EID: 2-s2.0-85142001711

Adsorption of aniline from aqueous solutions onto a nanoporous material adsorbent: isotherms, kinetics, and mass transfer mechanisms

2023
Ali N.S.; Majdi H.S.; Albayati T.M.; Jasim D.J.
Water Practice and Technology , Vol. 18 (9), pp. 2136-2150
55 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 1751231X
Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., P.O. Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; General Company for Food Products, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
MCM-48, which is particulate and nanoporous, was formulated to actively remove aniline (AN) (i.e., benzenamine) from waste-water. MCM-48 was characterized by several methods. It was found that the MCM-48 was highly active in adsorbing aniline from wastewater. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were employed to evaluate the adsorption equilibrium. At 100 and 94 mg g1, the maximum theoretical and experimental absorption of aniline, respectively, fit with a Type I Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir model was optimal in comparison to the Freundlich model for the adsorption of AN onto the mesoporous material MCM-48. The results of these kinetics adsorption models were investigated using model kinetics that employed both pseudo-first-and pseudo-second-order models as well as models utilized intraparticle diffusion. The kinetics adsorption models demonstrated that the absorption was rapid and most closely agreed with the pseudo-first-order model. The kinetic studies and the adsorption isotherms revealed the presence of both physical adsorption and chemisorption. The potential adsorption mechanisms include the following: (1) hydrogen bonding, (2) π-π interactions, (3) electrostatic interaction, and (4) hydrophobic interactions. The solution’s pH, ionic strength, and ambient temperature also played essential roles in the adsorption. © 2023 The Authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: benzenamine kinetics adsorption mass transfer mechanism adsorption mesoporous material wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
IWA Publishing | EID: 2-s2.0-85174037411

Melting performance of nano-enhanced phase change materials in a triple-tube heat exchanger with zigzag-shaped tubes

2023
Boujelbene M.; Mohammed H.I.; Majdi H.S.; Babaei-Mahani R.; Talebizadehsardari P.; Rahbari A.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 67
52 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Industrial engineering department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.Box 2440, Ha'il City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan, Kalar, 46021, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
This study aims at evaluating the melting behavior of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCM) inside a triple-tube heat exchanger with a zigzag-shape channel configuration. To assess the performance of the proposed geometry, a zigzag tube with different angles and heights is numerically simulated and the results are compared with the conventional triple-tube heat exchanger. Cu, CuO, Al2O3 and Ag nanoparticles with various concentrations are used to improve the thermal conductivity of NePCMs. The main finding of this research is a significant improvement in the melting performance of a triple-tube heat exchanger by employing a middle zigzag tube. The zigzag configuration with a 67.5° angle and 15 mm height is found as the optimum case with a great potential to (i) reduce the melting time from 4654 s in the case of a straight tube to just 827 s and (ii) increase the heat retrieval rate from just ∼47 W in case of a straight tube to ∼185 W. Among the type of nanoparticles analyzed in this research, Al2O3 has the highest melting performance with ∼14 % increase in the melting rate and heat charge rate at 4 % concentration. Increasing the concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles from 2 % to 6 % improves the heat charge rate by ∼2.3 %. © 2023
الكلمات المفتاحية: Latent heat storage Melting Nano-enhanced phase change materials Nanoparticles Zigzag heat exchanger
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 107484 | EID: 2-s2.0-85158035205

Utilization of Loaded Cobalt onto MCM-48 Mesoporous Catalyst as a Heterogeneous Reaction in a Fixed Bed Membrane Reactor to Produce Isomerization Product from n-Heptane

2023
Ali N.S.; Salih I.K.; Harharah H.N.; Majdi H.S.; Salih H.G.; Kalash K.R.; Al-Shathr A.; Al-Sudani F.T.; Abdulrahman M.A.; Alrubaye J.M.; Albayati T.M.; Saady N.M.; Zendehboudi S.
Catalysts , Vol. 13 (7)
50 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14022, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology—Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St, P.O. Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq; Environment and Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, 10070, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada; Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada
The use of catalytic membranes as microstructured reactors without a separative function has proved effective. High catalytic activity is possible with minimal mass transport resistances if the reactant mixture is pushed to flow through the pores of a membrane that has been impregnated with catalyst. In this study, n-heptane (C7H16) was hydrocracked and hydro-isomerized within a plug-flow zeolitic catalytic membrane-packed bed reactor. The metallic cobalt (Co) precursor at 3 wt.% was loaded onto support mesoporous materials MCM-48 to synthesize heterogeneous catalysis. The prepared MCM-48 was characterized by utilizing characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. The structural and textural characteristics of MCM-48 after encapsulation with Co were also investigated. The analyses were performed before and after metal loading. According to the results, the 3 wt.% Co/MCM-48 of metallic catalyst in a fixed bed membrane reactor (MR) appears to have an excellent catalytic activity of ~83% during converting C7H16 at 400 °C, whereas a maximum selectivity was approximately ~65% at 325 °C. According to our findings, the synthesized catalyst exhibits an acceptable selectivity to isomers with multiple branches, while making low aromatic components. In addition, a good catalytic stability was noticed for this catalyst over the reaction. Use of 3 wt.% Co/MCM-48 catalyst led to the highest isomerization selectivity as well as n-heptane conversion. Therefore, the heterogeneous catalysis MCM-48 is a promising option/ alternative for traditional hydrocracking and hydro-isomerization processes. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: catalyst characterization catalytic reactor isomerization metallic catalyst reaction kinetics selectivity
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 1138 | EID: 2-s2.0-85166277804

Comparative study of embedded functionalised MWCNTs and GO in Ultrafiltration (UF) PVC membrane: interaction mechanisms and performance

2023
Sadiq A.J.; Awad E.S.; Shabeeb K.M.; Khalil B.I.; Al-Jubouri S.M.; Sabirova T.M.; Tretyakova N.A.; Majdi H.S.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Braihi A.J.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , Vol. 103 (2), pp. 415-436
47 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03067319
Department of Material Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Technology of Fuel and Industrial Ecology, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University Named after First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Department Of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Polymer and Petrochemical Industries Department, College of Materials, Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
This work presents the development of polyvinyl chloride/functionalised multi-carbon nanotube (PVC/F-MWCNT) membranes and PVC/graphene oxide (PVC/GO) membranes for the improved removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from actual petroleum wastewater. Also, this work for the first time presents the proposed interaction mechanism between the contents of PVC/GO and PVC/F-MWCNT membranes as well as the interaction mechanism of each composite membrane with water molecules. The effect of both F-MWCNT and GO content on the characteristics and performance of the PVC/F-MWCNT membrane and PVC/GO membrane were studied. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), porosity and tensile strength were used to examine the properties of F-MWCNT, GO, PVC/F-MWCNT and PVC/GO membranes. The composite membranes’ performance was studied by measuring the rejection of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and mass flux. It was found that F-MWCNTs and GO played significant roles in the membranes’ structural morphology. A significant improvement was obtained in the CA, porosity and tensile strength of the membranes by embedding the PVC casting solution with 0.12 wt% of each F-MWCNTand GO. The PVC/F-MWCNTs membrane showed higher performance in term of mass flux and COD rejection that reached 88.9%, which makes using a PVC/F-MWCNTs membrane preferable to remove COD from petroleum wastewater. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
الكلمات المفتاحية: COD removal flat-sheet membrane graphene oxide Interaction mechanism modified membrane MWCNTs
DOI Scopus
Taylor and Francis Ltd. | EID: 2-s2.0-85097869372

Green route for biomethane and hydrogen production via integration of biogas upgrading using pressure swing adsorption and steam-methane reforming process

2023
Abd A.A.; Othman M.R.; Majdi H.S.; Helwani Z.
Renewable Energy , Vol. 210, pp. 64-78
43 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 09601481
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, Malaysia; College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, 51002, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Biogas is a cornerstone within a clean and sustainable energy portfolio, while hydrogen production from biogas is a key enabler for methane conversion and carbon dioxide valorization for greenhouse gases emissions mitigation. In this work, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) configuration of two vessels-four adsorption beds connected in series was tested for upgrading low-grade biogas (50% CH4 and 50% CO2). To resolve CH4 spillage issue, steam-methane reforming (SMR) plant was proposed as a green route for converting CH4 and portion of CO2 in the waste stream of PSA system into hydrogen. The integrated system (PSA-SMR) was performed on two stages i.e., PSA runs were conducted experimentally in lab while SMR system was simulated using Aspen Hysys software under operating conditions from a real plant. Response surface methodology was applied into Design Expert software to optimize the effects of system pressure, CH4 concentration, and biogas/steam flowrate ratio on H2, CO2, H2O, and CO molar fractions in the product. The results revealed that four adsorption beds in serial configuration successfully recorded ultrapure CH4 of 99.9% and recovery of 84.9% along with average CO2 content of 60% in the waste stream. For SMR system, produced syngas comprised of 42.2% H2, 28.46% CO2, 13.84% N2, 8.88% H2O, and 6.66% CO with 100% conversion of the CH4 and about 52.56% conversion of the CO2. The optimum conditions that achieved the highest H2 content of 51% from SMR were system pressure below 32 bar, methane content in feed stream ≥61%, and biogas/steam ratio in the range of 0.41–0.66 to record H2. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biogas upgrading Biomethane Hydrogen Pressure swing adsorption Steam-methane reforming
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85152471318

Tailoring the photocatalytic activity of novel magnetically separable ZnFe12O19-chitosan bionanocomposites: A green preparation, structural characterization and comparative study

2023
Amirhosseini Z.K.; Monsef R.; Ehsanizadeh S.A.; Albahadly W.K.Y.; Majdi H.S.; Amir A.A.; Dawood A.H.; Salavati-Niasari M.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 48 (95), pp. 37286-37301
42 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03603199
Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P. O. Box.87317-51167, Kashan, Iran; University of Al-Ameed, College of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, College of Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Nowadays, the evaluation of nano-catalyts and photocatalytic technology for inactivating environmental pollution is identified as a priority. Although a series of semiconductor nanomaterials have been proven for this aim, suppression of charge carrier recombination and the absorption of solar light are still challenging. In this study, a novel visible-light-responsive bionanocomposite of ZnFe12O19-chitosan (ZF-C) is designed by a facile two-step approach. The utilization of two natural stabilizer and capping agents including turnip and carrot juices is developed to adopt nucleation and growth mechanism of as-fabricated crystals. In addition, benefiting from green templates, various quantities of these precursors show a strong impact on the construction of products in terms of structure and shape. The physic-chemical results confirmed creation of uniform ZF nanoparticles employing 20 mL of turnip juices. The band gap energy of ZF-C nanocomposites was found to be 1.55 eV, offering highly light absorption property in visible area. Moreover, the optimum photocatalyst had a specific surface area of 3.37 m2 g −1. This research encompasses the first insights of photocatalytic efficiencies of ZF and [ZF-Cx] (x: 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0%) nanocomposites toward five toxic dyes such as methyl violet (MV), erythrosine (EY), methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. As a proof-of-concept, the nanocomposites with 10.0% of chitosan matrix could exhibit higher photocatalyst performance about 94.12% EY removal after 120 min, which is 1.15 times better than that of pristine ZF nanostructures. Based on active species trapping experiments, a possible photodegradation pathway of EY dye over the [ZF-C10] nanocomposites has been reported. These findings describes a revolutionary way for selecting [ZF-C10] nanostructure as eco-friendly and magnetically recyclable photocatalysts in dye-containing effluents. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
الكلمات المفتاحية: Nanostructures Photocatalytic degradation Toxic pollutants ZnFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>-Chitosan bio-nanocomposites
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85163563536

Recovery of fuel from real waste oily sludge via a new eco-friendly surfactant material used in a digital baffle batch extraction unit

2023
Humadi J.I.; Jafar S.A.; Ali N.S.; Ahmed M.A.; Mzeed M.J.; Al-Salhi R.J.; Saady N.M.C.; Majdi H.S.; Zendehboudi S.; Albayati T.M.
Scientific Reports , Vol. 13 (1)
39 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20452322
Department of Petroleum and Gas Refining Engineering, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Ministry of Oil, North Refineries Company, Baiji Refinery, Slah Al-Deen, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., P.O. Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq
This study focused on developing a new cocktail extraction agent (CEA) composed of solvent and a new surfactant material (SM) for enhancing the efficiency of fuel recovery from real waste oil sludge (WSO). The effects of different solvents (e.g. methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), naphtha, petrol and kerosene), SMs (Dowfax and sodium thiosulfate), extraction time (10–20 min), extraction temperatures (20–60 °C) and CEA/sludge ratios (1–4) on the extraction performance were investigated. SMs and DBBE design enhanced the extraction efficiency by increasing the dispersion of solvent in WSO and enhancing the mixing and mass transfer rates. Results proved that Dowfax was the best SM for oil recovery under various conditions. The best CEA (e.g. MEK and Dowfax) provides the maximum fuel recovery rate of 97% at a period of 20 min, temperature of 60 °C and 4:1 CEA/sludge ratio. The produced fuel was analysed and fed to the distillation process to produce diesel oil. The characteristics of diesel oil were measured, and findings showed that it needs treatment processes prior its use as a finished fuel. © 2023, The Author(s).
DOI Scopus
Nature Research | Art. 9931 | EID: 2-s2.0-85162215285

Improved eco-friendly CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 perovskite photovoltaic efficiency beyond 20% with SMe-TATPyr hole-transporting layer

2023
Mohammed M.K.A.; Al-Gazally M.E.; Khaleel O.A.; Al-Mousoi A.K.; Jeddoa Z.M.A.; Majdi H.S.; Jabir M.S.; Hossain M.K.; Hatshan M.R.; Rahman M.F.; Dastan D.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics , Vol. 26 (4), pp. 3229-3239
37 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 14639076
College of Remote Sensing and Geophysics, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Department of Basic Sciences, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Applied Science Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Advanced Energy Materials and Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14850, NY, United States
Perovskites composed of inorganic cesium (Cs) halide provide a route to thermally resistant solar cells. Nevertheless, the use of hole-transporting layers (HTLs) with hydrophobic additives is constrained by moisture-induced phase deterioration. Due to significant electrical loss, dopant-free HTLs are unable to produce practical solar cells. In this article, we designed a two-dimensional 1,3,6,8-tetrakis[5-(N,N-di(p-(methylthio)phenyl)amino-p-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl]pyrene (termed SMe-TATPyr) molecule as a new HTL to regulate electrical loss in lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We optimized the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs based on mixed tin (Sn)/germanium (Ge) halide perovskite (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) by exploring different factors, such as the deep and shallow levels of defects, density of states at the valence band (NV), thickness of the perovskite film, p-type doping concentration (NA) of HTL, the series and shunt resistances, and so on. We carried out comparative research by employing the 1D-SCAPS (a solar cell capacitance simulator) analysis tool. Through optimization of the PSC, we obtained the highest parameters in the simulated solar cell structure of fluorine tin oxide (FTO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2)/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/SMe-TATPyr/gold (Au), and the PCE reached up to 20% with a fill factor (FF) of 81.89%. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
DOI Scopus
Royal Society of Chemistry | EID: 2-s2.0-85182348695

Enhancement of heat transfer utilizing small height twisted tape flat plate solar heat collector: A numerical study

2023
Kumar A.; Maithani R.; Ali M.A.; Gupta N.K.; Sharma S.; Alam T.; Majdi H.S.; Khan T.M.Y.; Yadav A.S.; Eldin S.M.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 48
33 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Mechanical Engineering Department, UPES, Uttarakhand, Dehradun, 248007, India; Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India; Architecture, Planning and Energy Efficiency, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, 247667, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Engineering Department, IES College of Technology, Bhopal, 462044, India; Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
The flat plate solar heat collector captures solar thermal energy for agricultural drying, heating houses and businesses, cooling food, and producing steam. Adding twisted tape inserts to the absorbent surface of a flat plate solar heat collector increases its efficiency. This article describes the absorber plate of twisted tape inserts and discusses the thermal and hydraulic performance achieved by varying the twist pitch and twist height. Computational fluid dynamics is performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 5000 to 17000, relative twist height (TH/Dh) of 0.011-0.044, relative twisted tape inserts pitch (PTT/TH) of 49.95-73.2 and relative twist pitch (TP/TH) of 8-15. Heat transmission and friction factors owing to twisted tape inserts have been analyzed in depth using computational fluid dynamics, with analysis performed using the k-epsilon model in commercial ANSYS Fluent 19.2 software. A maximum thermal-hydraulic performance value of 2.41 is observed for the many twisted tape parameters, with, TH/Dh of 0.022, PTT/TH of 64.60, and TP/TH of 12. © 2023 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD Solar energy Thermohydraulic performance Turbulent flow Twisted tape
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 103123 | EID: 2-s2.0-85161349318

Multi-aspect investigation and multi-criteria optimization of a novel solar-geothermal-based polygeneration system using flat plate and concentrated photovoltaic thermal solar collectors

2023
Wang W.; Sun Y.; Majdi H.S.; Deifalla A.; Alsenani T.R.; Zhao Z.; Su Z.; Zhang W.; Abdelmohimen M.A.H.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , Vol. 174, pp. 485-509
33 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09575820
School of Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Railway Vehicle Thermal Engineering of MOE, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730070, China; HuaiNan Normal University, Anhui, Huainan, 232038, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Full professor Future University in Egypt, South teseen, New Cairo, 11835; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Physical Education, Universitity Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, 35900, Malaysia; Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Cairo, 11629, Egypt
This study investigates different aspects of an innovative multi-heat recovery-based solar-geothermal polygeneration system, acclaiming the exergetic, exergoeconomic, and energetic concepts. Principally, using two renewable energy sources, the whole framework of the system encompasses Concentrated PhotoVoltaic Thermal (CPVT) solar collectors, Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs), geothermal wells, an Ejector Refrigeration Cycle (ERC) Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) integrated with a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC), heating production units, an air dryer, and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit. Afterward, the sensitivity analysis utilized for the parametric study makes a multi-aspects optimization in diverse scenarios in which NSGA-II, as well as, fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy VIKOR decision makings, are handled to designate the optimal solution. The suggested system has professionally been devised thanks to the characteristic of maximum use of energy of the streams circulated. Hence, crucial variables evaluated are more influenced by the variation in the geothermal heater pinch point temperature gradient. Also, in the optimization scenario based on unit cost of products / exergy efficiency, the TOPSIS selects the optimal objectives of 4.29%/1.13 $/GJ, while the VIKOR selects 4.06%/1.07 $/GJ, respectively. © 2023 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Concentrated photovoltaic solar collectors Fuzzy TOPSIS Fuzzy VIKOR Multi-criteria optimization Multi-heat recovery Solar-geothermal
DOI Scopus
Institution of Chemical Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85153053709

Enhanced Antifouling in Flat-Sheet Polyphenylsulfone Membranes Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Tungsten Oxide for Ultrafiltration Applications

2023
Al-Maliki R.M.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Al-Jubouri S.; AbdulRazak A.A.; Shehab M.A.; Németh Z.; Hernadi K.; Majdi H.S.
Membranes , Vol. 13 (3)
29 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Aljadria, 10071, Iraq; Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary; Polymers and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, 61004, Iraq; Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary; Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
In this study tungsten oxide and graphene oxide (GO-WO2.89) were successfully combined using the ultra-sonication method and embedded with polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) to prepare novel low-fouling membranes for ultrafiltration applications. The properties of the modified membranes and performance were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle (CA), water permeation flux, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection. It was found that the modified PPSU membrane fabricated from 0.1 wt.% of GO-WO2.89 possessed the best characteristics, with a 40.82° contact angle and 92.94% porosity. The permeation flux of the best membrane was the highest. The pure water permeation flux of the best membrane showcased 636.01 L·m−2·h−1 with 82.86% BSA rejection. Moreover, the membranes (MR-2 and MR-P2) manifested a higher flux recovery ratio (FRR %) of 92.66 and 87.06%, respectively, and were less prone to BSA solution fouling. The antibacterial performance of the GO-WO2.89 composite was very positive with three different concentrations, observed via the bacteria count method. These results significantly overtake those observed by neat PPSU membranes and offer a promising potential of GO-WO2.89 on activity membrane performance. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: antifouling BSA removal graphene oxide mixed matrix membrane polyphenylsulfone polyvinylpyrrolidone tungsten oxide ultrafiltration membrane
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 269 | EID: 2-s2.0-85151763237

Advancements in Liquid Desiccant Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Systems, and Applications

2023
Fahad F.G.; Al-Humairi S.T.; Al-Ezzi A.T.; Majdi H.S.; Sultan A.J.; Alhuzaymi T.M.; Aljuwaya T.M.
Sustainability (Switzerland) , Vol. 15 (18)
24 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20711050
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Nuclear Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
Desiccant agents (DAs) have drawn much interest from researchers and businesses because they offer a potential method for lowering environmental impact, increasing energy efficiency, and controlling humidity. As a result, they provide a greener option to conventional air conditioning systems. This review thoroughly analyzes current issues, obstacles, and future advancements in liquid desiccant agents (LDAs) for drying, air conditioning, and dehumidification applications. The importance of LDAs in lowering energy use and greenhouse gas emissions is highlighted, emphasizing their potential for environmentally friendly humidity control. The current review examines key parameters such as novel materials, enhancing desiccant qualities, integration with technologies, and long-term durability while examining recent developments in LDAs and investigating their applications in diverse industries. The main conclusions from the evaluated publications in this review are also highlighted, including developments in LDAs, new applications, and developing research fields. Overall, this review advances knowledge of LDAs and their potential to shift humidity control systems toward sustainability and energy efficiency. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: dehumidification energy efficiency hybrid systems liquid desiccant moisture removal
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 14021 | EID: 2-s2.0-85172866353

Green synthesis and characterization of SnO2, CuO, Fe2O3/activated carbon nanocomposites and their application in electrochemical hydrogen storage

2023
Pirsaheb M.; Gholami T.; Dawi E.A.; Majdi H.S.; Hashim F.S.; Seifi H.; Salavati-Niasari M.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 48 (61), pp. 23594-23606
22 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03603199
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Nonlinear Dynamic Research Center (NDRC), College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Industries, Faculty of Boys Technical, Kermanshah Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Kermanshah, Iran; Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P. O. Box. 87317– 51167, Kashan, Iran
The goal of this study is to produce environmentally friendly nanomaterials that have a high hydrogen storage capacity. The researchers in this study used inexpensive natural bitumen to produce activated carbon (substratum) and a green solution synthesis combustion method to produce CuO, Fe2O3, and SnO2 nanoparticles using a Mint extract as the source material. Metal oxides such as CuO, Fe2O3 and SnO2 are used to increase hydrogen storage capacity and Columbic efficiency. AC and AC/SnO2, AC/CuO, and AC/Fe2O3 nanocomposites have been confirmed via XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), EDX (energy-dispersive X-rays), FT-IR (fourier transform infrared), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and adsorption and desorption analysis of N2 (BET). In terms of discharge capacity, AC/CuO, AC/Fe2O3, and AC/SnO2 display respective capacities of 2250, 2500, and 3600 mAh/g after 20 cycles, respectively. Of all the sample materials, the AC/SnO2 nanocomposite with the highest hydrogen storage capacity has the lowest Columbic efficiency. This implies that a sample with 54% Columbic efficiency, such as AC/CuO nanocomposite, is a more suitable specimen. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
الكلمات المفتاحية: Bitumen Electrochemical hydrogen storage Green chemistry Mint plant extract Nanocomposition
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85151398798

The effect of external force and magnetic field on atomic behavior and pool boiling heat transfer of Fe3O4 /ammonia nanofluid: A molecular dynamics simulation

2023
Dong S.; Majdi H.S.; Alizadeh A.; Thaibat R.; Hashim F.S.; Abdullah H.M.; Aziz Q.H.; Hekmatifar M.; Sabetvand R.
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers , Vol. 145
18 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 18761070
School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810016, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Medical Lab. Techniques department, College of Medical Technology, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Optical Techniques, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Anesthesia Techniques, AlNoor University College, Nineveh, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran; Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Faculty of Condensed Matter Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Background: In this study, the pool boiling heat transfer of Fe3O4 /ammonia nanofluid in a copper (Cu) nanochannel is done using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Methods: To increase and improve the performance of heat transfer, the effect of external force, and external magnetic field frequency on the atomic and thermal performance of the simulated nanostructure was checked. The results show that the density increased with a positive slope when the external force was imposed on the nanostructure with a growing trend. The amount of velocity and temperature similarly increased. So, by increasing the external force from 0.001 to 0.005 eV/Å, the maximum values ​​of density, velocity, and temperature converge to the values ​​of 0.1441 atom/Å3, 13.939 Å/fs, and 794.61 K. Moreover, increasing the applied external force caused an increase in the heat flux and thermal conductivity in the nanostructure. Finally, studying the effect of external magnetic field on the nanofluid's atomic behavior shows that with the change in the frequency of external magnetic field, Poiseuille behavior was remained. The results of the increase in the frequency of external magnetic field show the increasing trend of velocity and temperature. Numerically, the maximum values of velocity and temperature increase from 7.133 to 11.476 Å/fs, and from 210.23 to 410.07 K, respectively. Furthermore, HF increases by increasing the frequency of external magnetic field. Significant findings: As particles' movement increased, the structure's thermal resistance decreased. So, by increasing external force, the thermal resistance in the structure decreased. © 2023 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Ammonia/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> External force Molecular dynamics Nanofluid Pool boiling
DOI Scopus
Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers | Art. 104781 | EID: 2-s2.0-85150776240

Novel partially cross-linked nanoparticles graft co-polymer as pore former for polyethersulfone membranes for dyes removal

2023
Shabeeb K.M.; Noori W.A.; Abdulridha A.A.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Baiati M.N.; Yahya A.A.; Rashid K.T.; Németh Z.; Hernadi K.; Alsalhy Q.F.
Heliyon , Vol. 9 (11)
18 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 24058440
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Alsafwa University College, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq; Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary
A newly developed water-soluble polymeric nano-additive termed “partially cross-linked nanoparticles graft copolymer (PCLNPG)" has been successfully synthesized and harnessed as a pore former for modifying a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane for dyes removal. The PCLNPG content was varied in the PES polymeric matrix aiming to scrutinize its impact on membrane surface characteristics, morphological structure, and overall performance. Proposed interaction mechanism between methylene blue (MB), methyle orange (MO), and malachite green (MG) dyes with PES membrane was presented as well. Hydrophilicity and porosity of the novel membrane increased by 18 and 17 %, respectively, when manufactured with a 3 Wt. % PCLNPG, according to the findings. Besides this, the disclosed increased porosity, rather than the hydrophilic properties of the water-soluble PCLNPG, was the principal cause of the diminished contact angle. Meanwhile, raising the PCLNPG content in the prepared membrane made worthy shifts in its structure. A sponge-like region was materialized near the bottom surface as well. The membrane's pure water flux (PWF) synthesized with 3 Wt.% PCLNPG recorded 628 LMH, which is estimated 3.95 fold the pristine membrane. MG, MB, and MO dyes were rejected by 90.6, 96.3, and 97.87 %, respectively. These findings showed that the performance characteristics of the PES/PCLNPG membrane make it a potentially advantageous option to treat the textile wastewater. © 2023 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: Dye removal Graft co-polymer Membrane fouling Nanoparticles Textile Ultrafiltration
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. e21958 | EID: 2-s2.0-85176414052

Experimental and kinetic studies of the advantages of coke accumulation over Beta and Mordenite catalysts according to the pore mouth catalysis hypothesis

2023
Al-Shathr A.; Al-Zaidi B.Y.; Shehab A.K.; Shakoor Z.M.; Aal-Kaeb S.; Gomez L.Q.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Shafei E.N.; AbdulRazak A.A.; McGregor J.
Catalysis Communications , Vol. 181
18 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 15667367
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Ministry of Oil, Technical Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq; Ministry of Electricity, State Company of Baghdad, Electrity Distribution, Electrity Branch Al-Sadder, Baghdad, Iraq; BioEcoUVa Bioeconomy Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, Spain; Chemical Engineering and Oil Refinery Department, AlMustaqbal University Collage, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq; Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Portobello Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
Coke formation inside heterogeneous reactors is an important industrial problem that leads to reduced catalyst efficiency. However, this study aims to prove the benefits of coke build-up in improving catalyst performance. The formation and decomposition of coke on six different zeolite structures was studied. The dissociation kinetic model of the spent catalysts during the toluene alkylation with 1-heptene inside a stainless-steel autoclave reactor at different temperatures was carried out. Various techniques (XRD, XRF, TPO, CHNS and TGA-DTG) were used. It was found that the conversion and selectivity of the desired product were higher on the parent H-mordenite and the dealuminated H-beta catalysts with conversions of 85.3% and 84.67%, respectively, at a 360 min reaction time. This was attributed to the reduction of the ratio of hard:soft coke. It is confirmed that the decomposition activation energies of hard coke, 140.1–202.6 kJ/mol, are much higher energies than those of soft coke, 89.9–118.7 kJ/mol. It is also noted that the hypothesis of pore mouth catalysis is dominated by non-polyaromatic coke on the surface of the H-beta catalysts, while the hypothesis is dominated by polyaromatic coke on the surface of the H-mordenite catalysts. © 2023
الكلمات المفتاحية: Coke kinetic decomposition Dealuminated and desilication zeolites H-beta zeolite H-mordenite zeolite Pore mouth catalysis Toluene alkylation
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 106718 | EID: 2-s2.0-85163873023

Modelling and optimization of combined heat and power system in microgrid based on renewable energy

2023
Smaisim G.F.; Abed A.M.; Hadrawi S.K.; Majdi H.S.; Shamel A.
Clean Energy , Vol. 7 (4), pp. 735-746
16 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25154230
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, 54001, Iraq; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Unit (NAMRU), Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, 54001, Iraq; Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, Ardebil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran
Due to the short distance between the sources of production and consumption, microgrids (MGs) have received considerable attention because these systems involve fewer losses and waste less energy. And another advantage of MGs is that renewable energy sources can be widely used because these resources are not fully available and can provide a part of the required power. The purpose of this research is to model the MG considering the production sources of microturbines, gas turbines and internal combustion engines. Renewable energies such as wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) cells have been used to provide part of the required power and, because of the lack of access to renewable energy sources at all times, energy reserves such as batteries and fuel cells (FCs) have been considered. The power of the microturbine, gas turbine, internal combustion engine, FC and battery in this system is 162, 150, 90, 100 and 225 kW, respectively. After modelling the studied system, optimization was done using the imperialist competitive algorithm to minimize production costs and provide maximum thermal and electrical loads. The maximum production power for PVs is equal to 0.6860 MWh and at this time this value for WTs is equal to 0.3812 MWh, in which case the excess electricity produced will be sold to the grid. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy.
الكلمات المفتاحية: combined heat and power energy management system microgrid optimal power flow optimization sustainable development
DOI Scopus
Oxford University Press | EID: 2-s2.0-85168235602

Effect of MAX Phase Ti3ALC2 on the Ultrafiltration Membrane Properties and Performance

2023
Abood T.W.; Shabeeb K.M.; Alzubaydi A.B.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Juboori R.A.; Alsalhy Q.F.
Membranes , Vol. 13 (5)
15 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, AlMustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; NYUAD Water Research Centre, New York University, Abu Dhabi Campus, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
Membrane fouling remains a major obstacle to ultrafiltration. Due to their effectiveness and minimal energy demand, membranes have been extensively employed in water treatment. To improve the antifouling property of the PVDF membrane, a composite ultrafiltration membrane was created employing the in-situ embedment approach throughout the phase inversion process and utilizing a new 2D material, MAX phase Ti3ALC2. The membranes were described using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), CA (water contact angle), and porosity measurements. Additionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed. Standard flux and rejection tests were applied to study the produced membranes’ performance. Adding Ti3ALC2 reduced composite membranes’ surface roughness and hydrophobicity compared to the pristine membrane. Porosity and membrane pore size increased with the addition up to 0.3% w/v, which decreased as the additive percentage increased. The mixed matric membrane with 0.7% w/v of Ti3ALC2 (M7) had the lowest CA. The alteration in the membranes’ properties reflected well on their performance. The membrane with the highest porosity (0.1% w/v of Ti3ALC2, M1) achieved the highest pure water and protein solution fluxes of 182.5 and 148.7. The most hydrophilic membrane (M7) recorded the highest protein rejection and flux recovery ratio of 90.6, which was much higher than that of the pristine membrane, 26.2. MAX phase Ti3ALC2 is a potential material for antifouling membrane modification because of its protein permeability, improved water permeability, and outstanding antifouling characteristics. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: antifouling hydrophilicity MAX phase Ti<sub>3</sub>ALC<sub>2</sub> (Ti3C2Tx) membrane PVDF ultrafiltration
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 456 | EID: 2-s2.0-85160208907

Synthesis of ZnO/Ag-doped C/N heterostructure for photocatalytic application

2023
Rahmah M.I.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Rasn M.J.; Jasim H.H.; Jabir M.S.; Alkareem R.A.S.A.; Rashid T.M.
International Journal of Modern Physics B , Vol. 37 (24)
15 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 02179792
AL-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Quranic Science, College of Arts, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq; Almustafa University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Iraq; College of Science, Physics Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
A zinc oxide-silver doped with graphite and nitrogen (ZnO/Ag doped with C/N) heterostructure was prepared by a simple method with a study of the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight irradiation. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments show the presence of sharp peaks for ZnO, Ag, and C, with the wurtzite phase of ZnO. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results match the results of XRD and confirm the presence of Ag, Zn, C, O, and N. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images confirm the presence of clusters of spherical nanoparticles (NPs). The optical properties results confirm the high-absorption ability in the visible area with an energy gap of 2.95eV. After 140min of exposure to sunlight radiation, the photocatalysis results show that the MB dye can be broken down very well by light. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.
الكلمات المفتاحية: graphite Nanoparticles silver sunlight irradiation zinc oxide
DOI Scopus
World Scientific | Art. 2350239 | EID: 2-s2.0-85147518543

Prediction of speed of sound and specific heat capacity of ionic liquids using predictive SAFT-based equation of state

2023
Majdi H.S.; Faisal Raheem A.-B.; Jasim Abdullah S.; Mourad Mohammed I.; Yasin Y.; Yadav A.; Hadrawi S.K.; Shariyati R.
Chemical Engineering Science , Vol. 265
14 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00092509
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of MLT, Ahl Al Bayt University, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Bartella, Iraq; AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Medical Technology, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq; Department of CEA, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India; Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Computer Engineering Department, Imam Reza University, Mashhad, Iran; Islamic Azad University Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran
In this work, the predictive PC-SAFT EoS has been developed to predict the speed of sound, the isochoric and isobaric heat capacity of ionic liquids (ILs) over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. In this new methodology, the segment number and diameter of ILs have been estimated using the surface area and molecular volume of the UNIFAC model. The segment energy and association energy parameters have been obtained using an inverse relationship between dispersion/association energy and segment diameter. The results show that the predictive PC-SAFT model can predict the specific isochoric and isobaric heat capacity of ILs up to high pressure, accurately. In the case of the speed of sound, the model performance is acceptable by considering using no adjustable model parameters. To check the model capability, the new model results have been compared to the electrolyte PC-SAFT EoS. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Heat capacity Ionic liquid PC-SAFT Speed of sound UNIFAC
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 118246 | EID: 2-s2.0-85140995286

A comprehensive laboratory measurement on the thermal characteristics of Ag–CuO–tungsten oxide/water nanofluid in mono, hybrid and ternary cases and presenting a new correlation

2023
Wang M.X.; Almasi B.; Ali Bu sinnah Z.; Majdi H.S.; Altalbawy F.M.A.; Toghraie D.; Waleed I.; Zabibah R.S.; Altimari U.S.; Zhang Y.X.
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers , Vol. 143
14 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 18761070
Nanchang Institute of Technology, 330000, China; Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, 571126, China; Shenzhen High-level Talents Development Promotion Association, 518000, China; CDA International Accelerator, 999038, Poland; Jiangxi Engineers Association, 330046, China; University of Wollongong, 999029, Australia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran; Mathematics Department, University Colleges at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), University of Cairo, Giza, 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; University of Cyprus, 999058, Cyprus
Background: This study investigates the thermal conductivities of the Ag–CuO–tungsten oxide/water ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) with mixing ratios of 20, 45 and 35%, Ag-tungsten oxide/water, Ag-CuO/water, tungsten oxide-CuO/water hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) (with 50% mixing ratio), and Ag/water, CuO/water, and tungsten oxide/water mono nanofluids (MNFs) in a laboratory. Methods: Using the two-step method, the nanofluids (NFs) are fabricated by dispersing nanoparticles (NPs) in base fluids. THNFs are formed in volume fractions φ =0.1–0.4% and MNFs and HNFs are made in φ=0.1 and 0.3%. After ensuring NF stability, thermal conductivity (TC) is measured within T = 20–50 °C. The results show that raising temperature increases TC. Moreover, increasing φ increases TC; and increasing temperature has a greater effect in higher φ. The results suggest that the Ag/water MNF in the φ=0.4% and T = 50 °C has the highest TC with a 49.7% increase compared to the base fluid. Finally, a mathematical model is proposed for estimating the TC of Ag–CuO–tungsten oxide/water THNFs. Significant Findings: Comparison of the proposed equation's results with laboratory results shows that the proposed model for the Ag-CuO-tungsten oxide/water THNF was accurate within 20–50 °C and φ=0.1–0.4%. © 2023 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Margin of deviation (MOD) Mathematical model Nanofluid Thermal conductivity Volume fraction
DOI Scopus
Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers | Art. 104682 | EID: 2-s2.0-85147323698

Hydroisomerisation and Hydrocracking of n-Heptane: Modelling and Optimisation Using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network–Genetic Algorithm (ANN–GA)

2023
Al-Zaidi B.Y.; Al-Shathr A.; Shehab A.K.; Shakor Z.M.; Majdi H.S.; AbdulRazak A.A.; McGregor J.
Catalysts , Vol. 13 (7)
14 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Ministry of Oil, Technical Directorate, Baghdad, 00964, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Oil Refinery Department, AlMustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Portobello Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
In this paper, the focus is on upgrading the value of naphtha compounds represented by n-heptane (n-C7H16) with zero octane number using a commercial zeolite catalyst consisting of a mixture of 75% HY and 25% HZSM-5 loaded with different amounts, 0.25 to 1 wt.%, of platinum metal. Hydrocracking and hydroisomerisation processes are experimentally and theoretically studied in the temperature range of 300–400 °C and under various contact times. A feedforward artificial neural network (FFANN) based on two hidden layers was used for the purpose of process modelling. A total of 80% of the experimental results was used to train the artificial neural network, with the remaining results being used for evaluation and testing of the network. Tan-sigmoid and log-sigmoid transfer functions were used in the first and second hidden layers, respectively. The optimum number of neurons in hidden layers was determined depending on minimising the mean absolute error (MAE). The best ANN model, represented by the multilayer FFANN, had a 4–24–24–12 topology. The ANN model accurately simulates the process in which the correlation coefficient (R2) was found to be 0.9918, 0.9492, and 0.9426 for training, validation, and testing, respectively, and an average of 0.9767 for all data. In addition, the operating conditions of the process were optimised using the genetic algorithm (GA) towards increasing the octane number of the products. MATLAB® Version 2020a was utilised to complete all required computations and predictions. Optimal operating conditions were found through the theoretical study: 0.85 wt.% Pt-metal loaded, 359.36 °C, 6.562 H2/n-heptane feed ratio, and 3.409 h−1 weight-hourly space velocity (WHSV), through which the maximum octane number (RON) of 106.84 was obtained. Finally, those operating conditions largely matched what was calculated from the results of the experimental study, where the highest percentage of the resulting isomers was found with about 78.7 mol% on the surface of the catalyst loaded with 0.75 wt.% Pt-metal at 350 °C using a feed ratio of 6.5 H2/n-C7 and WHSV of 2.98 h−1. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: artificial neural network genetic algorithm hydrocracking hydroisomrisation n-heptane octane number optimisation Pt/HY-HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 1125 | EID: 2-s2.0-85166286227

Sustainable H2 production/separation by integration of solid oxide electrolyzer, biomass gasifier and H2 separation membrane: A techno-economic/environmental evaluation and multi-objective optimization

2023
Fei Z.; Zhanguo S.U.; Lu J.; Singh P.K.; Dahari M.; Majdi H.S.; Ali H.E.; Bouzgarrou S.M.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , Vol. 177, pp. 909-920
13 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09575820
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Huainan Normal University, AnHui, Huainan, 232038, China; International College，Krirk University, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand; Guangxi Key Lab of Human-machine Interaction and Intelligent Decision, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering & Technology, GLA University, U.P., Mathura, 281406, India; Deparment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al, Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technologie of Sousse, Sousse University, Tunisia
Hydrogen as a clean fuel can simultaneously respond to the challenges of energy shortage and environmental issues, provided that it is produced in a clean and cheap way. In this research, a hydrogen production system based on the combination of a solid oxide electrolyzer with a gasifier and a hydrogen separation membrane has been studied from a techno-economic outlook. In order to achieve a proper approximation of the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH), an elaborated economic analysis has been performed considering all aspects, where the life of the hydrogen separation membrane (HSM) and the solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) has been taken into account. Finally, the minimization of the levelized cost of hydrogen and the levelized carbon dioxide emission (LCE) was carried out through multi-objective optimization. The cost of selling hydrogen was determined according to the various payback times. According to the conducted optimization, it is possible to obtain the minimum levelized cost of hydrogen of 3.63 $/kg. This condition leads to the levelized emission of 10.17 kg CO2/kg H2. Also, the system has the ability to bear levelized CO2 emissions up to 2.92 kg CO2/kg H2, so that the levelized cost of H2 production is 6.45 $/kg. In the four optimal conditions obtained from the optimization, considering the payback time of 5 years, the cost of selling the produced H2 can be 3.64 $/kg, 6.45 $/kg, 5.98 $/kg, and 5.29 $/kg. © 2023 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Gasification Hydrogen separation membrane Levelized cost of hydrogen Multi objective optimization Solid oxide electrolyzer
DOI Scopus
Institution of Chemical Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85165974926

Treatment of actual radioactive wastewater containing Cs-137 using kaolinite clay minerals as eco-friendly adsorbents

2023
Muslim W.A.; Al-Nasri S.K.; Albayati T.M.; Majdi H.Sh.
Desalination and Water Treatment , Vol. 307, pp. 162-170
13 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19443994
Iraqi Geological Survey, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Iraq; Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC), Radiation and Nuclear Safety Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, 52 Alsinaa St., P.O. Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
The radionuclide radiation risks brought on by nuclear weapons cannot be disregarded by the operators. To protect the public’s health, radioactive cesium (Cs) polluted water must be treated with sustainable materials. In this work, batch adsorption studies were investigated to separate the radioactive isotope Cs-137 from the actual radioactive wastewater. In a batch adsorption method, the natural clay kaolinite was described and chosen as an adsorbent. After 2 h, equilibrium was attained with kaolinite having a removal efficiency of 75% for Cs-137. The adsorption kinetics of Cs-137 on the surfaces of kaolinite clay were assessed. The experimental kinetic data for kaolinite generated an outstanding match with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. As a result, kaolinite was determined as the appropriate media to be adsorbent for Cs-137. © 2023 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cesium adsorption Clay minerals Kaolinite Radioactive isotope Radioactive pollution Radioactive remediation Radioactive treatment Wastewater remediation
DOI Scopus
Desalination Publications | EID: 2-s2.0-85179977291

Synthesizing and Characterizing a Mesoporous Silica Adsorbent for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture in a Fixed-Bed System

2023
Hasan H.F.; Al-Sudani F.T.; Albayati T.M.; Salih I.K.; Harharah H.N.; Majdi H.S.; Saady N.M.C.; Zendehboudi S.; Amari A.
Catalysts , Vol. 13 (9)
13 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St, Baghdad, 35010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada; Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada
MCM-41, a mesoporous silica with a high surface area and hexagonal structure, was synthesized, and commercial nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) was used as a solid adsorbed in post-combustion CO2 capture. The CO2 adsorption experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed adsorption system using 5–15 vol.% CO2/N2 at a flow rate of 100 mL/min at varying temperatures (20–80 °C) and atmospheric pressure. Analyses (X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) revealed that the synthesized MCM-41 has mesoporous characteristics: a high surface area and large pore volumes. The CO2 adsorption capacity of MCM-41 and commercial nano-SiO2 increased considerably with increasing CO2 concentration and temperature, peaking at 60 °C. Below 60 °C, dynamics rather than thermodynamics governed the adsorption. Increasing the temperature from 60 to 80 °C decreased the adsorption capacity, and the reaction became thermodynamically dominant. Additionally, compared with commercial nano-SiO2, the MCM-41 sorbent demonstrated superior regenerability and thermal stability. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption CO<sub>2</sub> emissions continuous adsorption fixed-bed adsorption MCM-41 regeneration
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 1267 | EID: 2-s2.0-85172764599

Catalytic-Level Identification of Prepared Pt/HY, Pt-Zn/HY, and Pt-Rh/HY Nanocatalysts on the Reforming Reactions of N-Heptane

2023
Hamied R.S.; Sukkar K.A.; Majdi H.S.; Shnain Z.Y.; Graish M.S.; Mahmood L.H.
Processes , Vol. 11 (1)
11 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22279717
Petroleum Technology Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Al-Sanna St, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Al-Sanna St, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51015, Iraq
The operation of reforming catalysts in a fixed bed reactor undergoes a high level of interaction between the operating parameters and the reaction mechanism. Understanding such an interaction reduces the catalyst deactivation rate. In the present work, three kinds of nanocatalysts (i.e., Pt/HY, Pt-Zn/HY, and Pt-Rh/HY) were synthesized. The catalysts’ performances were evaluated for n-heptane reactions in the fixed bed reactor. The operating conditions applied were the following: 1 bar pressure, WHSV of 4, hydrogen/n-heptane ratio of 4, and the reaction temperatures of 425, 450, 475, 500, and 525 °C. The optimal reaction temperature for all three types of nanocatalysts to produce high-quality isomers and aromatic hydrocarbons was 500 °C. Accordingly, the nanocatalyst Pt-Zn/HY provided the highest catalytic selectivity for the desired hydrocarbons. Moreover, the Pt-Zn/HY-nanocatalyst showed more resistance against catalyst deactivation in comparison with the other two types of nanocatalysts (Pt/HY and Pt-Rh/HY). This work offers more understanding for the application of nanocatalysts in the reforming process in petroleum refineries with high performance and economic feasibility. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bimetallic catalyst performance catalytic reforming fixed bed reactor reaction temperature
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 270 | EID: 2-s2.0-85146684065

4E analyses of a novel multi-generation system based on methanol-steam reforming integrated with scramjet multi cooling cycle and ammonia synthesis

2023
Su Z.; Su Y.; Majdi H.S.; Shawabkeh A.; Abbas S.Z.; Eldin S.M.; Deif A.; Ghaebi H.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , Vol. 171, pp. 578-590
10 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09575820
Faculty of Physical Education, Huainan Normal University, Anhui, Huainan, 232038, China; Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan; Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt New Cairo, 11835, Egypt; Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt New Cairo, 11835, Egypt; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
A state-of-art multi-generation plant integrated with a scramjet multi-cooling cycle for power, hydrogen, ammonia, and freshwater generation was analyzed from an energy, exergy, exergoeconomic as well as environmental (4E) standpoint. The coolant of the cooling cycle was the fuel of the scramjet cycle and in terms of optimizing consumed power, this cycle is benefiting from four-stage compressors. To improve the rate of hydrogen production, a methanol steam reforming procedure was employed. To provide fresh water, a reverse osmosis membrane was employed and integrated into the plant. To consider the powers of input design variables on the implementation criteria of the plant and reduce CO and CO2 emission, an exhaustive parametric investigation was performed. The thermodynamic efficiencies, the sum unit cost of the products, the system emission rate, and the environment penalty cost rate as well as values of the products as the multi-generation plant's performance criteria were computed. Raising the hydrogen mole fraction caused an increase in the emission rate. © 2023 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Ammonia synthesis Environmental analysis Methanol-steam reforming Scramjet cycle Thermoeconomic analysis
DOI Scopus
Institution of Chemical Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85146671221

Induction Heating for Residential Water Desalination: A Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation

2023
Elmnifi M.; Mansur A.N.; Abdul-Ghafoor Q.J.; Alrubaiy A.A.A.G.; Mustafa M.A.S.; Khaleel M.; Majdi H.S.; Nassar Y.F.; El-Khozondar H.J.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 41 (6), pp. 1433-1440
10 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Belgorod Technical University, Brega, 00218, Russian Federation; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bright Star University, Belgorod, 308012, Libya; Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Al-Zueitina, 00218, Libya; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, 32001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, 78050, Turkey; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical & Renewable Energy Engineering Department, Wadi Alshatti University, P.O. Box 68 Alshatti, Libya; Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
This paper proposes a new way to remove salt from water at home by using electricity to heat it. The process involves heating a metal rod using copper coils that are energized by magnets. The metal rod is placed in a tank of salt water. This study examines how water is stabilized and how water flows are represented using numbers and then tested in real life. Testing showed that when a strong electric current of 20 amps is applied to the surface of a steel rod, it boils, reaching boiling temperature. In simpler words, using an induction heating system can heat a water heater to 157°C. By changing the number of rods, the temperature is 21°C for one rod and 37°C for three rods connected in series. In an environment where objects were placed next to each other, the highest temperature reached was 28°C. If the temperature of the heating coil goes up from 55°C to 60°C, the amount of freshwater produced and the efficiency of the system increase. The amount of freshwater goes up from 1.589 liters to 2.403 liters and the efficiency goes up from 56.87 percent to 60.49%. This means that the increase in the quality of freshwater is 39.9%, while the improvement in thermal efficiency is 6.36%. These numbers show that the improvement gets less as the heater temperature goes up. In this model, the highest level of effectiveness in using heat and the amount of clean water produced can both reach 70.44% and 5.65 liters, respectively. Data indicates that the system's performance depends on the evaporator's maximum temperature. This innovative method of heating salt water to turn it into fresh water might be a good, low-cost way to obtain clean water. © 2023 IIETA.
الكلمات المفتاحية: induction heating numerical simulation residential environment water desalination
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85183739943

Integrating WQI and GIS to assess water quality in Shatt Al-Hillah River, Iraq using physicochemical and heavy metal elements

2023
Chabuk A.; Jahad U.A.; Majdi A.; Majdi H.S.; Hadi A.A.; Hadi H.; Al-Ansari N.; Isam M.
Applied Water Science , Vol. 13 (7)
10 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21905487
Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Head of Faculty, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 971 87, Sweden; Research and Studies Unit, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This study assessed the quality of water in the Shatt Al-Hillah River by adopting some variables of physical, chemical, and heavy metal elements. The samples have been taken at six sites along the river in 2020 (from January to December). The water quality index has been determined by using the weighted-arithmetic method which is including a series of equations. Also, the model of Inverse-Distance-Weighting in the Geographic information system was applied to create a map of the water quality in the study area. Eleven physicochemical variables and five elements of heavy metals were comprised of calcium, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, Hydrogen Ions, chloride, sulfate, total hardness, total dissolved solids, turbidity, alkalinity, electric conductivity, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc. The results showed the values of the water quality index ranged from 245 to 253 (with a category of 200–300). The water quality index was rated as very poor for the selected locations along the Shatt Al-Hillah River. The GIS result illustrated the distributing map of water quality for the Shatt Al-Hillah River for household uses. The combination of the water quality index calculations with GIS in the current study might be used as a guide for future studies. © 2023, The Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Drinking uses GIS-Map Metals Physical and chemical elements Shatt Al-Hillah River Water quality index
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | Art. 147 | EID: 2-s2.0-85161391414

Estimating of gases emission from waste sites to generate electrical energy as a case study at Al-Hillah City in Iraq

2023
Chabuk A.; Jahad U.A.; Majdi A.; Majdi H.S.H.; Isam M.; Al-Ansari N.; Laue J.
Scientific Reports , Vol. 13 (1)
10 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20452322
Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Head of Faculty, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Research and Studies Unit, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 971 87, Sweden
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas resulting from human activities, especially landfills, and it has many potential environmental issues, such as its major role in global warming. On the other hand, methane can be converted to liquid fuel or electricity using chemical conversion or gas turbine generators. Therefore, reusing such gases could be of great environmental and economic benefit. In this context, this study aims to estimate the emissions of methane gas from the landfills in Al-Hillah City, Iraq, from 2023 to 2070 and the producible electric energy from this amount. The estimating process was carried out using the Land GEM model and compared with traditional models. The obtained results demonstrated that the total estimated landfill methane emissions for 48 years are 875,217 tons, and the average annual methane emission is 18,234 tons based on a yearly waste accumulation rate of 1,046,413 tons and a total waste amount of 50,227,808 tons. The anticipated loads of methane gas can be utilized to generate about 287,442 MW/year of electricity from 2023 to 2070. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study could be evidence of the potential environmental and economic benefits of harvesting and reusing methane gas from landfills. © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.
DOI Scopus
Nature Research | Art. 15193 | EID: 2-s2.0-85171332369

Improvements in hydrogen evolution through a new design of coupling inexpensive nanocomposite electrocatalysts driven by high-voltage electrolysis

2023
Lattieff F.A.; Majdi H.S.; Jweeg M.J.; Al-Qrimli F.A.M.
Chemical Engineering Research and Design , Vol. 196, pp. 468-482
8 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 02638762
Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; College Technical Engineering, URUK University, Iraq
The electrolyzer is a significant reactor for separating water into favorable products: hydrogen and oxygen. The technical difficulty lies in developing a system that satisfies the optimal result of minimum energy consumption and sufficiently large-scale hydrogen production. This study has presented a new insight into the modified design of coupling high voltage-nanocomposite electrolyzer for enhancing hydrogen energy generation. To accomplish this target, a hybrid alkaline electrolyzer system was conceived, constructed, and run at a high voltage of 6 volts. This design has been made to be compatible with various renewable energy sources like solar and wind energy. The Ag-modified TiO2-covered Ti plates have been created as electrocatalysts and characterized using XRD, SEM, and EDS to investigate their surface morphology, crystallinity, particle shapes, and surface structure. The results have demonstrated an increase in hydrogen evolution rates of 68% for Ag+TiO2/Ti plates as compared to those of pure Ti plates. System efficiencies of 14% and 12% have been found for Ag+TiO2 and Ag-coated catalytic plates, respectively, compared to 9% for Ti ones. A further discovery has been that Ag+TiO2 has a greater power efficiency than pure Ti. The present research manifests that combining metal-doped semiconductors and high-voltage design results in low-cost and high hydrogen generation; which positions this technology at the forefront of commercial alkaline water electrolyzers' global rollout. Also, these findings are useful to the professionals who work on designing solar hydrogen systems because they will guide them in selecting the most effective parametric design for these kinds of electrolyzers. © 2023 Institution of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Electrocatalysts Electrolyzer design Hydrogen energy Nanotechnology Renewable energy
DOI Scopus
Institution of Chemical Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85165104554

Proposal and exergetic/net present value optimization of a novel integrated process into a two-stage geothermal flash cycle, involving bi-evaporator refrigeration unit: Application of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II+LINMAP) method

2023
Zhang G.; Dizayee R.H.; Goyal V.; Jiao Y.; Alsenani T.R.; Majdi H.S.; Dahari M.; Nguyen V.G.; Ali H.E.; Cuong Le H.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection , Vol. 179, pp. 735-753
7 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09575820
Shandong Provincial University Laboratory for Protected Horticulture, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China; Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Management University of Kurdistan-Hewler, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India; Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Hebei, Langfang, 065000, China; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al, Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Deparment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Maritime, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Considering the benefits of geothermal energy in low-temperature combined processes, this study intends to present, examine, and optimize a novel thermal integration process incorporated into a two-stage geothermal flash cycle. In order to meet this objective, a modified bi-evaporator refrigeration technology using an ejector has been designed, with the capability of generating coolant for air-conditioning and industrial requirements. Furthermore, the entire system utilizes a low-temperature water electrolysis process for hydrogen production. In addition to designing a new process, this study incorporates advanced methodologies to comprehensively analyze the proposed system's thermodynamic, economic, and exergoenvironmental aspects. In this context, an extensive parametric study is undertaken, followed by the definition of two distinct multi-objective optimization scenarios: the energy-environment and the energy-cost scenarios. Based on the outcomes derived from the first scenario, the corresponding objective functions, namely energy efficiency and exergoenvironmental index, are determined to be 52.89% and 0.5, respectively. This condition is also responsible for generating net output electricity, cooling load, and hydrogen production rate of 3.897 MW, 26.88 MW, and 4.02 kg/h, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits an exergy destruction rate of 5493 kW. In the second scenario, the objective functions, i.e., energetic efficiency and payback period, are calculated to be 39.37% and 3.94 years, respectively. The aforementioned products demonstrate capacities of 3.697 MW, 17.66 MW, and 5.0 kg/h, respectively. Besides, the exergy destruction rate is determined to be 4667 kW. © 2023 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
الكلمات المفتاحية: Bi-evaporator Low-temperature electrolyzer NSGA-II method Parametric study Trigeneration application Two-stage geothermal flash cycle
DOI Scopus
Institution of Chemical Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85172483826

Valproic acid drug detection study through the pure and doped zinc oxide nanoclusters in gas and solvent phase: Density functional theory and thermodynamic study

2023
Alghamdi M.I.; Mansuri N.; Abdulbaqi M.R.; Alwaily E.R.; Anupong W.; Althomali R.H.; Majdi H.S.; Abosaoodah M.; Alshetaili A.; Solanki R.
Inorganic Chemistry Communications , Vol. 153
6 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 13877003
Department of Computer Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; College of Pharmacy, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq; Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Agricultural Economy and Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir, 11991, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Duba, 71911, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, India
In this study, to explore a potential sensor for the valproic acid drug, pure and doped zinc oxide nanoclusters (Zn12O12, AlZn11O12, and, GaZn11O12) were utilized in the gas and solvent phase using the density functional theory calculations. The adsorption energies were calculated at −21.87, −39.64, and −24.73 kcal mol−1 for Zn12O12, AlZn11O12, and, GaZn11O12 complexes in their most stable configuration, respectively. Thermodynamic investigations were shown the interaction of valproic acid with the nanoclusters is spontaneous and exothermic. Sensor response investigation indicated 10.17, 6113.83, and 3.22 after the adsorption process for the Zn12O12, AlZn11O12, and, GaZn11O12, respectively. Thus, it is clear that the AlZn11O12 nanocluster demonstrated a significant sensor response. Further, the AlZn11O12 nanocluster had a practical short recovery time of 11.18 s. The solvent phase calculations indicated that these structures were stable in water. UV–vis calculation showed after the interaction of valproic acid with the AlZn11O12 spectrum shifted significantly to the higher wavelength region (red shift). Consequently, this study proposes the AlZn11O12 nanocluster as a potential candidate for valproic acid detection based on its suitable outcomes. © 2023
الكلمات المفتاحية: Boron nitride nanoclusters Density functional theory Detection Doping Valproic acid
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 110788 | EID: 2-s2.0-85159686738

Thermal energy recovery from a Brayton cycle nuclear power plant for efficiency improvement via compressor inlet cooling: Thermoeconomic optimization

2023
Hai T.; Singh P.K.; Ghodratallah P.; Majdi H.S.; M Eldin S.; Sohail M.; Abd El-Salam N.M.; El-Shafai W.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 52
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Guizhou, Duyun, 558000, China; School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China; Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, 550025, China; Institute of Engineering & Technology, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281001, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt New Cairo, 11835, Egypt; Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan; Natural Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12642, Saudi Arabia; Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt
Due to the well-known limitations of renewable energy resources, nuclear power is considered as another alternative for carbon-free electricity generation. A great deal of interest has been paid to developing gas-cooled reactors due to their efficient and cost effective electricity generation ability. Among these systems, the GT-MHR is a promising one which employs the Brayton closed cycle for power generation with an energy efficiency of around 47% and a waste heat of around 300 MWth. The present work aims at utilizing this waste heat to produce additional power (via an ORC) and inlet gas cooling of compressor via employing absorption chiller. In this respect a combined GT-MHR/ORC/ARC structure is designed and assessed thermodynamically and economically and is compared with the standalone GT-MHR performance. A sensitivity analysis is implemented to inspect the influences of design variables, and then optimizations are conducted based on cost and exergy. Results revealed better performance for combined system in comparison to the GT-MHR. Under the optimal working conditions obtained for cost optimal design case, the combined cycle yields 12.4% higher efficiency and 9.7% lower LCOE compered to GT-MHR power plant. Another interesting outcome is obtained, as under the optimal operation, the total levelized investment cost for the novel combined cycle (9065 $/h) is less than the GT-MHR system (9285 $/h). This is due to the larger optimal pressure ratio for compressor in combined cycle which causes less helium flow rate, as a result of which the components sizes and costs are decreased. © 2023
الكلمات المفتاحية: Compressor inlet cooling GT-MHR LCOE Optimization Thermoeconomic
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 103734 | EID: 2-s2.0-85177790310

Integrated Process for High Phenol Removal from Wastewater Employing a ZnO Nanocatalyst in an Ozonation Reaction in a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

2023
Majhool A.K.; Sukkar K.A.; Alsaffar M.A.; Majdi H.S.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 7 (6)
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Al-Sanna St., Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51015, Iraq
The use of an ozonized bubble column reactor (OBCR) in wastewater treatment is advantageous due to its efficient mixing and mass transfer characteristics. Among all high-performance features, the ozonation reaction in a BCR undergoes a low dissolution of O3 in the reactor with a limited reaction rate. In this study, the ozonation reaction of phenol in an OBCR was tested using a ZnO nanocatalyst and alumina balls as packing material. Three concentrations of O3 were evaluated (i.e., 10, 15, and 20 ppm), and 20 ppm was found to be the optimum concentration for phenol degradation. Also, two doses (i.e., 0.05 and 0.1 g/L) of ZnO nanocatalysts were applied in the reaction mixture, with the optimal dose found to be 0.1 g/L. Accordingly, three phenol concentrations were investigated in the OBCR (i.e., 15, 20, and 25 ppm) using four treatment methods (i.e., O3 alone, O3/Al2O3, O3/ZnO nanocatalyst, and O3/Al2O3/ZnO nanocatalyst). At a contact time of 60 min and phenol concentration of 15 ppm, the removal rate was 66.2, 73.1, 74.5, and 86.8% for each treatment method, respectively. The treatment experiment that applied the O3/Al2O3/ZnO nanocatalyst produced the highest phenol conversion into CO2 and H2O in the shortest contact time for all phenol concentrations. Thus, the OBCR employed with a ZnO nanocatalyst plus packing material is a promising technology for the rapid and active removal of phenol because it enhances the number of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated, which ultimately increases the oxidation activity in the OBCR. Also, the results showed efficient flow characteristics in the OBCR, with channeling problems averted due to appropriate gas movement resulting from the use of packing materials. Finally, it was found that the ozonation process in an OBCR is an efficient method for phenol conversion with good economic feasibility. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: channeling problem contact time hydroxyl radicals packing material phenol degradation
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 112 | EID: 2-s2.0-85180502766

High-Speed Helical Gear Design Parameters Effect on the Dynamic Stress

2023
Hassan A.R.; Hawas M.N.; Abdullah A.R.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 10 (4), pp. 1189-1198
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Al-Furat Al-Awast Technical University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech., Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
Helical gears, due to their increased contact region during the engagement cycle and consequent reduction in noise, have become ubiquitous in mechanical engineering applications and thus form the focal point of this study. This research paper meticulously examines the position of the helix angle and comprehensively evaluates its influence on the reaction force and its evolution on the gear shaft. The results reveal an optimal helix angle of 30 degrees, which minimizes the stress impact on the shaft. In contrast to the typical 40-degree angle, a reduced helix angle of approximately 5 degrees results in the largest displacement along the x-axis for gear 3 at a rotational speed of 590 rad/s, reaching up to 0.15 micrometers. Furthermore, the lowest percentage error can be observed at the 5-degree angle, with a maximum value of 0.8 degrees. A maximum reaction force of 1080 N is observed at a helix angle of 5 degrees, which increases further with the length of the helix. These results provide compelling evidence in favor of the 5-degree angle as opposed to significantly larger angles. The force exerted on the shaft, viewed from two distinct axes, and its temporal evolution are also meticulously examined, providing valuable insights into the dynamic stress of highspeed helical gears. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: FEM helical gear helix angle pressure angle simulation stress analysis
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85171279174

Assessment of graphene-based polymers for sustainable wastewater treatment: Development of a soft computing approach

2023
Cao J.; Li J.; Majdi H.S.; Le B.N.; Amine Khadimallah M.; Elhosiny Ali H.; Assilzadeh H.
Chemosphere , Vol. 313
6 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00456535
Chongqing Creation Vocational College, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China; College of Engineering Management, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
Since graphene possesses distinct electrical and material properties that could improve material performance, there is currently a growing demand for graphene-based electronics and applications. Numerous potential applications for graphene include lightweight and high-strength polymeric composite materials. Due to its structural qualities, which include low thickness and compact 2D dimensions, it has also been recognized as a promising nanomaterial for water-barrier applications. For barrier polymer applications, it is usually applied using two main strategies. The first is the application of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to polymeric substrates through transfer or coating. In the second method, fully exfoliated GO or rGO is integrated into the material. This study provides an overview of the most recent findings from research on the use of graphene in the context of water-barrier applications. The advantages and current limits of graphene-based composites are compared with those of other nanomaterials utilized for barrier purposes in order to emphasize difficult challenges for future study and prospective applications. © 2022
الكلمات المفتاحية: Graphene Membrane Polymer Sustainable wastewater treatment Water-barrier
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 137189 | EID: 2-s2.0-85143523929

A Comprehensive Review of the Influence of Heat Exchange Tubes on Hydrodynamic, Heat, and Mass Transfer in Bubble and Slurry Bubble Columns

2023
Makki D.S.; Majdi H.Sh.; Abdulrahman A.A.; Sultan A.J.; Hasan Z.W.; Sabri L.S.; Kadhim B.J.; Al-Dahhan M.H.
Fluid Dynamics and Materials Processing , Vol. 19 (10), pp. 2613-2637
5 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 1555256X
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
Bubble and slurry bubble column reactors (BCRs/SBCRs) are used for various chemical, biochemical, and petrochemical applications. They have several operational and maintenance advantages, including excellent heat and mass transfer rates, simplicity, and low operating and maintenance cost. Typically, a catalyst is present in addition to biochemical processes where microorganisms are used to produce industrially valuable bio-products. Since most applications involve complicated gas-liquid, gas-liquid-solid, and exothermic processes, the BCR/SBCR must be equipped with heat-exchanging tubes to dissipate heat and control the reactor’s overall performance. In this review, past and very recent experimental and numerical investigations on such systems are critically discussed. Furthermore, gaps to be filled and critical aspects still requiring investigation are identified. © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bubble/slurry bubble column reactors Fischer-tropsch synthesis heat exchanging tubes heat transfer hydrodynamic mass transfer
DOI Scopus
Tech Science Press | EID: 2-s2.0-85164253922

Recent progress in performance improvement strategies for quantum dot sensitization methods: Challenges, achievements, and future prospects

2023
Najm A.S.; Selvanathan V.; Aljuwaya T.M.; Sabri L.S.; Jamal M.S.; Abdullah Al-Zahrani A.; Holi A.M.; Jaber I.; Al Ghamdi A.; Amin M.T.; Sopian K.; Ismail R.A.; Moria H.; Bais B.; Majdi H.S.; Chowdhury S.; Sultan A.J.; Alhuzaymi T.M.
APL Materials , Vol. 11 (9)
5 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 2166532X
Department of Electrical, Electronics and System, FKAB, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Iraqi Ministry of Oil, Port Said Street, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University), Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia; Nuclear Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh; Imam Abdulrahman-Bin Fiasal University, Eastern Region, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Al-Qadisiyah, 58002, Iraq; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al Muthanna, Samawah, 66001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City, 41912, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City, 41912, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, 32610, Malaysia; Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
In the recent past, there has been an increase in the use of semiconductor nanostructures that convert solar energy to electrical energy. This has encouraged the development of better and more efficient solar cells (SCs). Numerous investigations have been conducted into synthesizing novel semiconductor materials and tuning the electronic properties based on the shape, size, composition, and assembly of the quantum dots to improve hybrid assemblies. Recent studies that are determining the prospects of quantum dot SCs can form the basis for improving photovoltaic efficiency. Here, we have reviewed studies that investigated the sensitization methods for fabricating highly efficient SCs. We also discussed some examples that would help other researchers who want to sensitize quantum dot (QD) SCs. Thereafter, we analyzed the main and popular strategies that can be used for sensitizing the QD SCs within the limitations, advantages, and prospects of fabricating high-efficiency and stable QDs. During this work, we offered strong technical support and a theoretical basis for improving the industrial applications of QD. In addition, we provide a reference that can inspire other researchers who aim to improve the performance of SCs. © 2023 Author(s).
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics Inc. | Art. 090601 | EID: 2-s2.0-85171534055

Optimization of Heat Transfer in Solar-Powered Biodiesel Reactors Using Alumina Nanofluids: A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study

2023
Hathal M.M.; Mohsen O.A.; Majdi H.S.; Hasan B.O.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 41 (6), pp. 1397-1406
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Chemical Engineering and Material Science Doctoral School, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary; Scientific Society for Energy Studies and Research, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq; Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Department, University of Anbar, Anbar, 31002, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industry Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
The challenge posed by waste cooking oil (WCO) accumulation in sewage systems necessitates innovative solutions. This study presents an investigation into enhancing biodiesel production from WCO by augmenting heat absorption using oil-alumina nanofluids in a plug flow reactor powered by photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. Nanofluids with varying alumina concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 2%) were examined. The investigation comprised two phases: Initially, nanoparticles were visualized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), followed by the determination of nanofluid physical properties, including thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, and heat capacity. Subsequently, these properties were integrated into a finite element method (FEM) numerical simulation of the solar reactor using COMSOL Multiphysics. The study further involved design of experiments, regression analysis, and optimization techniques to elucidate the relationship between absorbed heat (Qc), oil flow rate (q), and nanoparticle volume percent (fi). The results indicate that an oil flow rate (q) of 0.0000173 m /s and a nanoparticle volume percent (fi) of 2% significantly enhance heat absorption by approximately 43%. This research not only addresses the accumulation of WCO in sewage systems but also proposes a novel method to reduce fouling by utilizing biodiesel production. The findings underscore the efficiency of oil-alumina nanofluids in a plug flow solar reactor and the impact of varying nanoparticle concentrations on heat absorption. The physical properties of the nanofluid and its performance in the solar reactor are meticulously documented. Furthermore, the study delineates optimal operational conditions, resulting in a substantial increase in heat absorption. These insights are instrumental in developing sustainable waste oil management strategies and leveraging renewable energy sources within sewage systems. © 2023 IIETA.
الكلمات المفتاحية: biodiesel thermal reactor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) nanofluid solar system
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85182593362

Numerical Analysis of Gas Hold-Up of Two-Phase Ebullated Bed Reactor

2023
Almukhtar R.S.; Yahya A.A.; Mahdy O.S.; Majdi H.S.; Mahdi G.S.; Alwasiti A.A.; Shnain Z.Y.; Mohammadi M.; AbdulRazak A.A.; Philib P.; Ali J.M.; Aljaafari H.A.S.; Alsaedi S.S.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 7 (5)
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Energy Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, 1519-37195, Iran; Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901, IL, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
Due to the significant increase in heavy feedstocks being transported to refineries and the hydrocracking process, the significance of adopting an ebullated bed reactor has been reemphasized in recent years. The predictive modelling of gas hold-up in an ebullated two-phase reactor was performed using 10 machine learning methods based on support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) in this study. In an ebullated bed reactor, the impacts of three features, namely liquid velocity, gas velocity, and recycling ratio, on the gas hold-up were examined. The liquid velocity has the most impact on the predicted gas hold-up, according to the feature significance analysis. The rotational-quadratic, squared-exponential, Matern 5/2, and exponential kernel functions integrated with the GPR models and the linear, quadratic, cubic, fine, medium, and coarse kernel functions integrated with the SVM model performed well during training and testing, with the exception of the fine SVM model, whose R2 is very low. According to the R2 > 0.9 and low RMSE and MAE values, the rotational-quadratic, squared-exponential, and Matern 5/2 GPR models performed the best. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ebullated bed reactor gas hold-up Gaussian process regression non-Newtonian fluid
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 101 | EID: 2-s2.0-85175061663

Effect of Rigid Xanthan Gums (RXGs) on Flow and Pressure Drops to Improve Drag Reduction Rates in Horizontal Pipe Flow

2023
Kadhim B.J.; Mahdy O.S.; Alsaedi S.S.; Majdi H.S.; Shnain Z.Y.; Alwaiti A.A.; AbdulRazak A.A.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 7 (2)
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
Drag reduction in turbulent flow may be significantly reduced by adding tiny quantities of fiber, polymer, and surfactant particles to the liquid. Different drag-reduction agents have proven to be effective in enhancing the flowability of the liquid when added. This study investigated the potential of decreasing the drag, turbulent flow, and pressure drop in horizontal pipe flow by using a mixture of modified xanthan gums (XGs). Xanthan gums are an environmentally friendly natural polymer complex. They can be extracted from xanthan gum plants and utilized to formulate different concentrations of complexes. The flowability of the xanthan gum was experimentally investigated in a 1-m-long pipe by using addition concentrations of 300 to 950 ppm, an inner diameter of 0.254 inches, and four different flow rates. The results revealed that the pressure drop was reduced considerably with an increase in the concentration of the additives. The mixture (xanthan gums plus water) resulted a favorable reduction in the pressure, which reached 65% at a concentration of 950 ppm. The results of the computational fluid dynamic simulation using the COMSOL simulator showed a change in the fluid velocity profiles, which became more parabolic. This occurred because of an increase in the mean fluid velocity due to the addition of the drag-reducing polymers. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: COMSOL software drag reduction polymer pressure drop
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 36 | EID: 2-s2.0-85153704389

Spotlighting of microbial electrodeionization cells for sustainable wastewater treatment: Application of machine learning

2023
Zhou X.; Yan G.; Majdi H.S.; Le B.N.; Khadimallah M.A.; Ali H.E.; Assilzadeh H.
Environmental Research , Vol. 219
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00139351
School of Intelligent Construction, Luzhou Vocational and Technical College, Sichuan, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan, Luzhou, 646000, China
Microbial electrodeionization cells (MECs) have been investigated for various potential applications, including the elimination of persistent pollutants, chemical synthesis, the recovery of resources, and the development of biosensors. Nevertheless, MEC technology is still developing, and practical large-scale applications face significant obstacles. This review aims to investigate MEC implementations in sustainable wastewater treatment. Ideas and concepts of MEC technology, the setup of the electrodeionization component, the membranes of MECs, the working mechanism of MECs, and the various microorganisms used in MECs are discussed. Additionally, difficulties and prospective outcomes were discussed. The goal of this review is to support scientists and engineers in fully grasping the most recent developments in MEC technologies and applications. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Desalination Fuel cell Microbial electrodeionization cells Wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
Academic Press Inc. | Art. 115113 | EID: 2-s2.0-85145230905

A Mini-Review on Thin-Film Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes for Forward Osmosis Applications

2023
Al-Musawy W.Kh.; Al-Furaiji M.H.; Aljumaily M.M.; Rashid K.T.; Salih H.G.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Majdi H.S.; Figoli A.
Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology , Vol. 24 (1), pp. 287-301
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 27197050
Environment and Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology – Iraq, Alsinaa Str. 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, Rende, 87030, Italy
Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology that has been extensively studied in the last decade as an efficient method for desalination and water treatment. FO presents many benefits over traditional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and distillation. Nevertheless, there are many decisive challenges; the great significance one is the new modification and advances in the preparation of the TFC membranes that must be achieved to enhance the FO performance. Therefore, preparing a suitable TFC membrane with a low structural parameter, low tortuosity, and high porosity are preferred in preparing the TFC membranes to get higher water flux and lower salt flux. This paper reviewed the recent development and advances in using TFC hollow fiber membranes in FO ap-plications. Within that, the most widely applied monomers to prepare the thin polyamide layer (PA) in TFC membranes and the additives that are added during the preparation of the PA layer and their effect on the performance of the TFC membranes have been discussed. Moreover, an effort is made to generate a TFC membrane properties and performance trend according to the results of the water permeate flux and reverse salt flux of the modified TFC FO membranes and the future perspectives and concluding remarks on the FO membrane are evaluated. © 2023, Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE). All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: forward osmosis hollow fiber membranes polyamide structural parameter thin-film composite
DOI Scopus
Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE) | EID: 2-s2.0-85141184395

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Membrane for Separation of Soluble Toluene by Pervaporation Process

2023
Rasheed S.H.; Ibrahim S.S.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Majdi H.S.
Membranes , Vol. 13 (3)
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
A commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane was employed to separate the soluble toluene compounds (C7H8) from an aqueous solution via the pervaporation (PV) process. The performance and the efficacy of the PDMS PV membrane were evaluated through the estimation of the permeation flux and separation factor under various operating parameters. The response surface method (RSM) built in the Minitab-18 software was used for the design of the experiment in this study, and the responses of the permeation flux and the separation factor were analyzed and optimized based on the operating conditions. A nonlinear regression analysis was applied to the experimental output and input, and as a result, a quadratic equation model with parameters interactions was obtained as mathematical expressions to predict the permeation flux and separation factor. At the optimal conditions of temperature 30 °C, initial toluene concentration 500 ppm, and feed flowrate 3.5 L/min, the toluene permeation flux and separation factor were 125.855 g/m2·h and 1080, respectively. The feed concentration was the most impactful and significant in the improvement of the permeation flux and separation factor of the PDMS membrane. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: design of experiment PDMS pervaporation response surface methodology toluene
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 289 | EID: 2-s2.0-85151535389

Enhancing Heat Transfer Performance in Simulated Fischer–Tropsch Fluidized Bed Reactor through Tubes Ends Modifications

2023
Sabri L.S.; Sultan A.J.; Ali J.M.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Dahhan M.H.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 7 (5)
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, 65401, MO, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Fluidized bed reactors are essential in a wide range of industrial applications, encompassing processes such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and catalytic cracking. The optimization of performance and reduction in energy consumption in these reactors necessitate the use of efficient heat transfer mechanisms. The present work examines the considerable impact of tube end geometries, superficial gas velocity, and radial position on heat transfer coefficients within fluidized bed reactors. It was found that the tapered tube end configurations have been empirically proven to improve energy efficiency in fluidized bed reactors significantly. For example, at a superficial gas velocity of 0.4 m/s, the tapered end form’s local heat transfer coefficient (LHTC) demonstrated a significant 20% enhancement compared to the flat end shape. The results and findings of this work make a valuable contribution to the advancement of complex models, enhance the efficiency of fluidized bed reactor processes, and encourage further investigation into novel tube geometries. © 2023 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: fluidized bed reactor heat exchanging tubes local heat transfer coefficient (LHTC) multiphase flow system transport phenomena tubes’ end shape
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 85 | EID: 2-s2.0-85175027557

Improving the Mechanical Properties of the Air-Conditioning Pipe Using Composite Materials

2023
Al Hussain D.N.D.; Alkanany M.K.N.; Hammoodi K.A.; Abdullah A.R.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances , Vol. 33 (2), pp. 103-109
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 11697954
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51368, Iran; Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Faculty of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech, Al- Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
Traditional air-conditioning pipes made from materials such as copper and aluminum have limitations in terms of strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. The use of composite materials offers a promising alternative to overcome these limitations due to improving the mechanical properties of air-conditioning pipes by incorporating composite materials. The paper explores the mechanical properties of composite materials and their potential to enhance the strength, flexibility, and resistance to corrosion of air-conditioning pipes. Whereas gas leakage issues have developed into one of the most significant issues in air conditioning organizations, the solution to these issues looks forward to improving the gas connection pipes in air conditioning companies and enhancing their durability. The goal of the study presented in this research paper is to improve gas pipes by adding insulating and supporting layers to increase the pipe's durability, such as layers of carbon and fiber. Through Simulation, materials have been added at various angles and directions to determine the best accessible condition to improve the condition of the ionization tube. The results revealed that the presence of carbon fiber layers at angles of 45 degrees from the inner diameter and 90 degrees from the outer diameter provides the best accessible condition and results in the least amount of distortion, with the best case's deformation reaching 0.157 meters. © 2023 Lavoisier. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ACP air conditioner carbon fiber composite material fiberglass simulation
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85162114316

Synthesis and Characterization of the in-situ Ti3SiC2 / Al2O3 Composite by SPS of Mechanically Activated Powders of TiO2, Al, C, and Si

2023
Majdi H.S.; Abdtawfeeq T.H.; Hasan W.M.G.; Ibrahim I.T.; Taresh H.R.; Sharkawy M.R.M.E.; Hadrawi S.K.; Mehrizi M.Z.
Silicon , Vol. 15 (6), pp. 2931-2940
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 1876990X
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, AlNoor University College, Bartella, Iraq; AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Mazaya University College, Mazaya, Iraq; Al-Amarah University College, Al-Amarah, Iraq; Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Computer Engineering Department, Imam Reza University, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran; Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
The formation of Ti3SiC2-Al2O3 composite by mechanical alloying and thermal treatment of TiO2, Si, Al, and graphite powders was investigated. The ball milling process was carried out for up to 40 h. To evaluate the formation mechanism of Ti3SiC2-Al2O3, both as-mixed and 40 h milled powder samples were annealed for 1 h at 1400 °C and 40 h milled sample was thermally treated by differential thermal analysis. Al3Ti and Al2O3 were only formed after 40 h of milling. The Ti3SiC2 MAX phase was formed after annealing 40 h milled powder at 1400 °C for 1 h. The results illustrated that the mechanism of Ti3SiC2 formation consisted of Al3Ti/Al2O3, TiC, and TiSi2 formation, the reaction among TiC and TiSi2 as well as Ti3SiC2 formation. The annealed 40 h milled powder was sintered by a spark plasma sintering process. The sintered sample was dense without any phase change and the nanoindentation result indicated a hardness of 9.52GPa with an elastic modulus of 316 GPa. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Mechanical alloying Synthesis Thermal treatment Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media B.V. | EID: 2-s2.0-85142182598

The Local Dependence of Bubble Breakup for Different Impeller Geometries in a Stirred Tank

2023
Hamad M.F.; Hasan B.O.; Majdi H.S.; Craig R.A.; Alabdly H.A.; Hathal M.M.
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Mechanical Engineering , Vol. 47 (2), pp. 469-479
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 22286187
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Environment, Industrial Development and Management, The Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, Iraq
This work presents an investigation into the effect of impeller geometry on the local bubble breakage behavior in a stirred tank. The relative breakage location and local number of produced daughter bubbles (fragments) were investigated using a high-speed imaging method. Three impeller geometries were used for a range of impeller Reynolds numbers (Re) (18380–40830). The impellor geometries used were: 4-flat blades, 4-twisted blades, and 2-flat blades. The results revealed that the number of breakages around the impeller is dependent on the impeller geometry and Re. At lower Re, most breakages occurred close to the tip of the blades in locations near the entry to the impellor region. For higher Re, the rotational motion of the fluid drives the mother and daughter bubbles into different regions around the impeller before breaking up. The highest number of daughter bubbles was observed to be generated close to the blade’s tips of 4-flat blades impeller (average of 8.3). The lowest number of daughter bubbles was observed to occur for the 4-twisted blades (average 2.7). The highest percentage of local bubble breakages and the highest number of resulting daughter bubbles were observed for the 4-flat bladed impeller for all Re (reached up to 90% for highest Re). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Breakage Breakage location Bubble Impeller geometry Stirred tank
DOI Scopus
Institute for Ionics | EID: 2-s2.0-85140118539

A Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Modules: CTI-80 and YHM-205-27P

2023
Majdi H.S.; Younis A.; Abdullah A.R.; Elmnifi M.; Habeeb L.J.
International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics , Vol. 18 (4), pp. 975-982
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17557437
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Bayda, 218, Libya; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bright Star University, Ajdabiya, 218, Libya; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
This paper compares the theoretical and actual efficiency of two solar panels, CTI-80 and YHM-205-27P, using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The comparison is based on specific parameters, and the rationale behind their selection is explained. The results show that the CTI-80 panel is more efficient than the YHM-205-27P panel due to the monocrystalline solar cells, which provide more efficiency than polycrystalline solar cells. Although the YHM-205-27P panel has more solar cells, the CTI-80 panel is still more efficient. The temperature affects the theoretical efficiency, as it assumes that all photons have the energy to break the bond in the n-type layer, while in reality, not all photons have sufficient power. Both theoretical and actual efficiencies are lower than the theoretical efficiency due to temperature. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of choosing the right type of solar panel for a particular application based on its efficiency and recommends using monocrystalline solar cells for higher efficiency. © 2023 WITPress. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CTI-80 efficiency Engineering Equation Solver monocrystalline solar cells photovoltaic modules polycrystalline solar cells YHM-205-27P
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85174040990

Enhancement of Drones’ Control and Guidance Systems Channels: A Review

2023
Shams O.A.; Alturaihi M.H.; Mustafa M.A.S.; Majdi H.S.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises , Vol. 56 (2), pp. 201-212
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 12696935
Power Mechanics Department, Technical Institute of Anbar, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa, 54002, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This paper describes a system and technique for controlling the attitude and direction of a quadrotor vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicle (VTOL UAV) using a horizontal thrust system (horizontal thruster), and hereby we call the system “Thruster Quad-rotor”. The thruster quad-rotor operates by adjusting the rotational speed of each rotor's propellers to hold the quad-rotor’s attitude (angular orientation and linear position in flight), while simultaneously control all direction horizontal motions in the horizontal plane using four thrusters installed on each arm of the quad-rotor. Each rotor is attached to an arm “tube”. At the arm, on the tip, there is a thruster (electric duct fan - EDF). The four arms of the quad rotor are connected to the central body and aligned symmetrically at 45-degree angles to the X and Y axes forming a quad-rotor with “X” configuration. The horizontal thrusters enhance the effectiveness of the quad-rotor with novel design modifications; specifically, the horizontal thrusters increase the typical under-actuation to conventional quad-rotors. The application of the novel thruster concept leads to an increase in maneuvering of the UAV and an ability to resist winds and fly in tight spaces and scenarios, which presents flight’s mission limitations. This paper will include the practicality of this new system, its conceptual and design aspects, and the mathematical modeling of the channels for the new UAV's enhanced control and guidance system. © 2023 Lavoisier. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: EDF mathematical model quad-rotor drone thruster under-actuation
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85165004927

Thermoelectric-Driven Room Air Cooling via a Multi-U Shaped Heat Sink System

2023
Abd Ali F.A.M.; Mohemmed Reda S.M.A.; Mahmood Hussein M.A.; Ayed S.K.; Jassim L.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 41 (4), pp. 1000-1006
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University Collage, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The compact sizing and lightweight characteristics of thermoelectric devices have garnered significant attention, leading to their widespread use across varied fields. This study experimentally investigates the application of thermoelectric refrigeration in air conditioning, employing a moderately designed system. A unique, multi-U shaped heat sink system was developed, wherein thermoelectric devices were affixed onto rectangular tubes befitting their dimensions, thereby facilitating water as an auxiliary medium for energy transfer. This design enabled the transformation of cold water from the system's cold side to the indoor unit's water-air heat exchanger, while hot water was directed to the outdoor evaporative cooling tank. A Peltier-type thermoelectric device was harnessed for this experiment. The devised setup was subjected to multiple tests to evaluate its thermal performance under the climate conditions of Najaf. Preliminary results validated the effectiveness of the water cooling methodology, with the water temperature observed to decrease to 14℃. Consequently, the room air was cooled by the water-air heat exchanger, reaching temperatures between 20℃ and 24℃. This study underscores the potential of integrating thermoelectric devices with innovative heat sink designs for efficient room air cooling. © 2023 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: heatsink multi-stage Peltier devices refrigeration U-shaped
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85174490899

Comparative Analysis of Aluminum Alloys 2024 and 7085 under Thermal Fatigue and Crack Propagation

2023
Shams O.A.; Ahmed B.A.; Majdi H.S.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 41 (4), pp. 929-936
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Power Mechanics Department, Technical Institute of Anbar, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This research paper presents a study and a numerical investigation on the effect of the thickness of the samples on the crack growth as well as the phenomenon of fatigue. As well as the type of alloy used to withstand these physical deformations. Types of samples were designed from aluminum alloys 2024 and 7085 and compared with each other in bearing crack growth as well as the phenomenon of fatigue. The thermal effect was also seen on it by adjusting the temperature value in two cases, 20℃ and 40℃. Where an additional processor was added to the Ansys program, which worked on the growth of the crack in a manner consistent with the phenomenon of fatigue. Where a pressure value of 4.8 MPa was applied from one side of the sample and it was fixed from the other side, where a time of 8000 s was taken. Where the results showed that the maximum deformation that was reached was 0.56 mm in the case where the thickness of the sample was 5 mm and the type of metal was aluminum alloy 7085. The value of bone deformation at a thickness of 5 mm is 0.66 mm, which is the highest value of deformation compared to the other cases. Aluminum alloy 7085 has reached a crack growth of 7.5 mm during 2777 cycles. While alloy 2024 has reached the same crack growth during 32784 cycles. The true meaning of the difference in properties between alloys can only be understood by comparing the mechanical properties of different alloys. Comparison of aluminum alloy 6061 with case with 3 mm primitive crack growth and 90 degree crack angle. © 2023 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: aluminum alloy 2024 aluminum alloy 7085 analysis crack tip dynamic crack propagation fatigue life thermal fatigue
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85175975969

Thermo-economic analysis of the performance of the combined system with evacuated tube collectors

2023
Fadhil Smaisim G.; Hadrawi S.K.; Abed A.M.; Majdi H.S.; Shamel A.
Clean Energy , Vol. 7 (2), pp. 242-252
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25154230
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, 54001, Iraq; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Unit (NAMRU), Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, 54001, Iraq; Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Computer Engineering Department, Imam Reza University, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, Ardebil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran
Using combined cooling, heat and power systems can be an appropriate substitute for preventing emissions of pollutants and excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Utilizing renewable energy in these systems as a source of power generation can be an appropriate substitute for fossil-fuel-based systems. Therefore, in this paper, cogeneration cooling, heat and power systems based on gas-fired internal combustion engines with a solar-thermal system with evacuated tube collectors have been modelled and thermo-economic analysis has been done to compare fossil-fuel-based systems. The required rate of heat to supply the hot water is 50 kW. In the studied system, the internal combustion engine produces electrical energy. Then, the solar-thermal system with evacuated tube collectors and the gas-burning generator provide the thermal energy required by the studied building and the primary stimulus of the absorption chiller for cooling. In this study, two different scenarios are conducted in states considering simultaneous production systems and regardless of this environmental and thermo-economic analysis system. The results showed that the efficiency of the studied system was 60% in summer and 56% in winter. © 2022 The Author(s) 2023.
الكلمات المفتاحية: combined cooling environmental analysis evacuated tube collectors heat and power solar-thermal energy thermo-economic analysis
DOI Scopus
Oxford University Press | EID: 2-s2.0-85153535780

Numerical Implementation of Direct and Reverse Flow for Plate Heat Exchanger

2023
Majdi H.S.; Hasan W.K.; Hussein M.A.M.; Habeeb L.J.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 10 (2), pp. 491-500
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
One of the best solutions for the heat exchange is the plate heat exchangers, which are characterized by high thermal efficiency. Where in this paper work has been done on a plate heat exchanger with dimensions appropriate to its practical application and changing the fluid exit areas to increase the surface area of exchange. And the use of more than one class to see the improvements and changes that can be analyzed and benefited from the first part represents the heat exchanger with a direct direction and the change in the number of plates. Where two sets of models were designed, the first representing the change in the number of plates, where 10, 20 and 30 plates were used to irrigate the real rate of increasing the number of plates. As for the second part, it represents the heat exchanger with a reverse path and compare them with each other. The result show that when increasing the number of plates in the plate heat exchanger, it increases the transfer area and thus increases the value of the transferred heat energy. In the case where the best transfer of heat energy is compared to 20 and 10 blades, where the exit temperature reached 308.1 K, it is noticing an increase in the transfer of thermal energy. © 2023, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ANSYS simulation CFD FEM flow distribution numerical study plate heat exchanger pressure drops solid works program
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85158109466

Modeling of Electricity Generation Using Smart Piezoelectric-Materials

2023
Shams O.A.; Abdulrazig O.D.H.; Sanousy S.M.; Elmnifi M.; Jassim L.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 41 (6), pp. 1655-1660
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Power Mechanics Department, Technical Institute of Anbar, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bright Star University, Elbriga, 00218, Libya; Department of Materials Engineering, University of Ajdabiya, Elbriga, 00218, Libya; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bright Star University, Elbriga, 00218, Libya; Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
This study explores the potential of smart piezoelectric materials as a means of clean electricity generation through the conversion of mechanical stresses into electrical potential. A speed bump module outfitted with these materials serves as the experimental model. The materials are modeled and simulated using COMSOL software, and the output is assessed under a range of load states and other parameters. The findings provide a comparative analysis of various piezoelectric materials and their performance characteristics. The overarching aim is to harvest energy from typically inefficient sources such as footsteps, sound, pressure, and vehicular traffic. The practical implementation of these findings could lead to the reuse of power from the main grid for applications like street lighting and signboards, thereby reducing overall energy consumption and environmental impact. A secondary objective of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of implementing renewable energy systems based on smart materials in Libya. This study thereby contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable energy solutions and demonstrates the untapped potential of smart materials in energy harvesting. © 2023 IIETA.
الكلمات المفتاحية: electricity energy harvesting piezoelectric smart materials
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85182628207

Modeling and Analysis of Desalination in A Solar Dome Using CFD

2023
Majdi H.S.; Benameur A.; Elmnifi M.; Benkrima Y.; Al Saker M.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 10 (5), pp. 1529-1536
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Faculty of Science and Technology, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, 29000, Algeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Belgorod Technical University, Belgorod, 308000, Russian Federation; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bright Star University, Elbriga, 00218, Libya; Department of Exact Sciences, Higher School of Teachers of Ouargla, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Ouargla, Ouargla, 30000, Algeria; Operations Department, Sirte Oil and Gas Manufacturing Company, Elbriga, 00218, Libya
Although solar energy has gained popularity in the distillation of brine to produce potable water due to the increasing costs of fossil fuels and environmental concerns, its use in this process remains limited by factors such as applicability and cost. Consequently, there is a need to investigate modeling, transmission characteristics, and estimation of solar basin parameters to develop an efficient design. In response to this need, a two-dimensional model of evaporation and condensation processes in static solar energy was created using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The simulation aimed to facilitate the development of a solar dome device. The solar dome's water temperature ranged from 48 to 59°C at peak times, with an evaporation rate of 41 W/m2°C, an evaporation coefficient of 6 W/m2°C, and a freshwater production rate of 0.45 kg/m3h. Both the volume of freshwater produced and the water temperature were found to be satisfactory. CFD was employed to calculate the convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients. This study illustrates that CFD is a powerful tool for designing, evaluating, and diagnosing solar desalination systems. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD desalination dome evaporation solar energy
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85175250281

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Flow Enhancement Through Multi-Row Film Holes for Gas Turbine Blade Cooling

2023
Majdi H.S.; Merzah B.N.; Al-Musawi S.T.M.; Abdullah A.R.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 10 (3), pp. 1031-1038
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil, 51001, Iraq; Engineering Technical College / Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, 31001, Iraq; Department of Reconstruction and Projects, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10072, Iraq
To increase gas turbine power output and thermal efficiency, turbine inlet temperatures can exceed the melting point of component materials. Blade cooling techniques are thus required. This study reviews external cooling methods for gas turbine blade tips. Recent publications on cooling technology improvements were analyzed to enhance turbine blade cooling. The operating conditions and cooling requirements of turbine blades were examined. Air was blown through a duct in the turbine blade at lower temperatures to cool the blade by adjusting the air pressure to match internal pressures. The inlet air pressure was 24,000 Pa. Experiments were conducted by varying the air pressure. At 25,000 Pa, the air flow improved. Increasing the pressure to 30,000, 35,000, and 40,000 Pa resulted in the cooled air flowing away from the blade, causing blockage and reduced inlet air pressure. Reducing the pressure to 24,000 Pa caused the air to be retained, preventing its exit through the holes and increasing blade temperature. The optimal cooling was achieved at 25,000 Pa. © 2023, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD cooling techniques cooling turbine edge FEM gas turbine outer cooling sharp edge tip heat moves thermal hydraulic performance
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85165037813

Implementation of a new research indicator to QS ranking system

2023
Abdul-Majeed G.; Saleem E.A.; Smait D.A.; Abdulhussain S.H.; Sait S.M.; Majdi H.S.; Marhoon H.A.; Al-Azzawi W.K.
Scientometrics , Vol. 128 (2), pp. 1351-1365
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 01389130
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; University of Information Technology and Communications, Baghdad, Iraq; University of Mashreq, Baghdad, Iraq; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
The QS world university rankings employ six indicators with different weights; namely: academic reputation (40%), Employer reputation (10%), research performance (20% which is basically normalized citations per faculty, Faculty/Student Ratio (20%), International Faculty Ratio (5%) and International Student Ratio (5%). In this ranking system, the research performance is calculated by dividing total normalized citations by the number of full time equivalent faculty. Recently, Abdul-Majeed et al. (2021 proposed a new equation for predicting the research performance of universities, using four variables (number of published papers, number of researchers, total citations, number of non-citesd papers). In the present study, we investigate the influence of using Abdul-Majeed et al. equation on the rank of the top 100 universities of QS ranking. Results have shown that replacing the QS research indicator with that suggested by Abdul-Majeed et al. results in an apparent change in the rank of the 100 universities. The rank of 92 universities has been changed through this new proposal. Furthermore, we modify the Abdul-Majeed et al. equation by including reviewing activity based on information extracted from Publons site. Detailed calculations reveal that most of the top 100 universities have low level of reviewing activity. This modification causes a significant variation (the change reaches 98%) in the rank of the top 100 universities. © 2022, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Citations QS ranking Research performance Reviewing activity
DOI Scopus
Akademiai Kiado ZRt. | EID: 2-s2.0-85144095670

Retraction Note: Solution combustion synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles for excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (Applied Physics A, (2022), 128, (475), 10.1007/s00339-022-05532-x)

2023
Jasim S.A.; Machek P.; Abdelbasset W.K.; Jarosova M.; Majdi H.S.; Khalaji A.D.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , Vol. 129 (1)
Erratum Open Access English ISSN: 09478396
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq; Institute of Physic of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, P.O. Box. 155, Gorgān, Iran
The Editor in Chief has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the unusual EDS pattern in Fig. 6. Post-publication review confirmed the concern. The authors were asked to present raw data but did not respond to the request. (Additionally, a concern was raised regarding the contributions of each co-author. The authors did not provide a detailed explanation of the role each co-author played in preparation of this paper). The Editor, therefore, has lost confidence in the integrity of the findings of this article. Authors have not responded to any correspondence from the editor about this retraction. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | Art. 30 | EID: 2-s2.0-85144374487

EXPLORATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE PENDULUM AND PERPENDICULAR MASS MOVEMENT ON THE SPRING-MASS IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC CONDITIONS USING MEMS

2023
Jasim N.Y.; Salman T.K.; Al-Azzawi M.M.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 18, pp. 323-337
Article English ISSN: 18234690
Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Al- Rafidain University College, Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech., Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
Pendulum oscillation and instability in electrostatic structures supported by micro springs influence the reliability of electromechanical systems. The imbalance resulting from the MEMS voltage change was identified and rebalanced. In the case of instability of the draw through the regulated operating systems, the pendulum's movement was prevented and rebalanced using the mems system and the stability of the draw for the dynamic and static drivers in the system. The current study aims to model and analyse the electromechanical mass stability in the state of rest and motion with the electrostatic current's effect. The phenomenon of withdrawal and threshold were examined systematically for the dynamic and static systems and the theories of nonlinear differential equations. Through the equations, the unstable and critical voltage is determined through the values resulting from the critical voltages, which have a major role in raising and lowering the amount of voltage. Thus, the effect on other system parameters is modelled and examined mathematically. The results show enhanced MEMS accelerometer simulation with variable voltage, mass, spring constant, and pendulum length. The displacement diagram shows that the displacement reached -0.2 meters. At the same time, the proportionality in it decreased from -0.05 to -0.15 in a gradual manner, the change in mass in a sin wave manner, it reached 0.15 kg, where the displacement was irregular, as it began to increase from -0.2 m and end with -0.03 m gradually. The displacement gradient decreased to -0.01 m due to a variable spring constant from 5 to 15 N/m. The final displacement value was -0.007 m by changing the pendulum length from 0.7 mm to 1 mm. © 2023 Taylor's University. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Dynamic testing Mechanical modelling MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) Pendulum effect Static testing
Scopus
Taylor's University | EID: 2-s2.0-85184579897

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE BLADES MANUFACTURED FROM COMPOSITE MATERIALS AT DIFFERENT VELOCITIES AND ARRANGEMENTS

2023
Jaber H.M.; Shams O.A.; Majdi H.S.; Abdullah A.R.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 18, pp. 1-17
Article English ISSN: 18234690
Middle Technical University, Technical Institute - Suwaira, Department of Mechanical Technologies, Iraq; Power Mechanics Department, Technical Institute of Anbar, Middle Technical University, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech., Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
Since wind turbines are found all over the world, technology for acquiring renewable energies must be developed. The work of wind turbines depends mainly on generating wind energy and converting it into electrical energy. And the materials manufactured for wind turbines can withstand the pressures and forces coming from the wind. The problem lies in resolving the fatigue phenomenon in wind turbines because of changes in air pressure. To solve this problem, it is necessary to use composite materials, which have become a major part of industrial applications due to their ability to withstand various mechanical conditions. An air turbine was designed and simulated the amount of pressure generated from the air. Thus, the best arrangement of composite materials was made to obtain the strongest bearing capacity for the turbine. The model was designed based on the main dimensions of the FFA-W3, NACA-63-xxx, MIX turbine. The result shows the ideal situation is achieved by arranging the angles, which is the stress value of a turbine blade when it moves at a speed of 15 m/s and possesses 358650 Pa. The fundamental working mechanism of composite materials is the strategy of arranging composite materials with the necessary angles to achieve the best configuration that can withstand large loads and not fail under them. Compared to other examples, the arrangement of the angles (0,0,0) prefers bearing deformations and stresses, and it can withstand the phenomenon of fatigue. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Carbone fibre CFD Composite material Fatigue life FSI Wind turbine
Scopus
Taylor's University | EID: 2-s2.0-85183491459

POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION USING CONCENTRATED SOLAR TECHNIQUE FOR POWER GENERATION IN LIBYA AND TRANSMISSION TO ITALY

2023
Majdi H.S.; Elmnifi M.; Rahel R.G.; Abdullah A.R.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 18, pp. 210-224
Article English ISSN: 18234690
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Bright Star University, Tourist Road Street, +218, Libya; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech., Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
The current study presents the solar resources potential and relevant determinants of concentrated solar power (CSP) usage in Libya to promote sustainability. The objectives were to exploit renewable energy sources in North Africa and establish a CSP power plant baseline with the opportunity of linkage between Libya and Italy. Solar and weather parameters obtained from NASA's solar and weather data for a site in Southern Libya were discussed regarding compatibility with CSP technology. The Solar Electric Generating System (SEGS) equivalent system represents a pure solar capacity of 80 MW without a joint fossil release within one hour of storage time. Solar radiation and climate data were used to model a 50 MW power generating station. The results revealed that significant solar resources are suitable for using concentrated solar power in Libya. The line's route was determined primarily by geomorphological characteristics, such as dunes and lava fields around Harrogate. Electrical power was over 8,000 MW from April to September, and low production was allocated during most of the winter months from December to February. The number of corresponding hours to operate the storage system was 1050 hours. The creation of an overhead high-voltage line reflects interference in nature and landscapes. The estimated electricity produced annually is about 245 GWh, higher than previous studies' findings. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Concentrating solar power Electricity Renewable energy Solar energy Solar radiation Transmission
Scopus
Taylor's University | EID: 2-s2.0-85183952523

Nanomaterials and Phase-Changing Materials in a U Vacuum Tube Solar Collector

2023
Saieed A.N.A.; Alturaihi M.H.; Jassim L.; Majdi H.S.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems , Vol. 10 (3), pp. 852-860
Article Open Access English ISSN: 23690739
Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa, 54002, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Solar Water Heating (SWH) systems provide an environmentally friendly means of generating hot water for domestic or commercial applications by harnessing solar radiation throughout the year. Despite their benefits, SWH systems can be limited by inconsistent solar energy density, often necessitating the use of auxiliary booster units. Recent research has demonstrated that incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) as energy storage media in SWH systems can mitigate the need for booster units. In this study, a novel SWH system was designed with a PCM-based storage unit integrated into a U-shaped vacuum tube solar collector, incorporating Al2O3 nanoparticles to enhance thermal performance. Mathematical simulations were conducted to analyze the melting and solidification processes of the PCM over 3600 s daytime and nighttime intervals. Results indicated that the addition of nanoparticles led to a significant improvement in daily thermal efficiency, despite minor variations in outlet temperature. It was observed that the heat transfer mechanism was accelerated in the morning due to solar energy, with optimal fluid solidification achieved at 0.5 wt percent nanoparticle concentration. In the absence of sunlight, the thermal discharge process commenced, transferring heat from the PCM to the evacuated tube and gradually solidifying the material. This study highlights the potential of nanomaterial-enhanced PCM integration for optimizing SWH system performance and reducing the reliance on auxiliary booster units. © 2023, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: melting and solidification phase change materials solar collector U vacuum tube
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85165101332

Studying the mechanical and microstructural properties of the Aa2040 aluminum alloy welded by friction stir welding

2023
Wais A.M.H.; Majdi H.S.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 2787 (1)
Conference paper English ISSN: 0094243X
Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
Friction stir welding is a comparatively new method for assembly of metals. Study similar alloy of AA 2040were done by FSW process and also study effects behavior of FSW on some mechanical properties (tensile, impact energy and microhardness). Studied were parameters (FSW) like speeds of transverse (116,189 mm/min) and speeds of rotational (450,560 rpm) which effects on mechanical micro structure and properties. Indicates of results of the tensile test that which increase tensile strength (316 MPa)by decreases speeds of rotational and increases of welding speeds, at parameters of the welding (560 rpm and 116 mm/min) with 71% efficiency. FSW caused small differences to micro hardness of the material. Enhancement energy absorbed from (2.5)J at substrate alloy with compared(3.7)J in FSW. The microstructure was greatly refined, after FSW. © 2023 Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: impact energy microhardness SW tensile strength
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics Inc. | Art. 020017 | EID: 2-s2.0-85176756738

CFD Investigation of One-Way Interaction (Fluid-Heat-Deformation) in a Pipe with Obstacles

2023
Majdi H.S.; Mashkour M.A.; AlMusawi S.T.M.; Habeeb L.J.; Jado A.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 2839 (1)
Conference paper English ISSN: 0094243X
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Reconstruction and Projects, University of Baghdad – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
As with the development of heat exchangers, especially in the fields of energy and microelectronics, where the mini-channel used in heat exchanger operations is used, as increasing the efficiency of heat exchangers depends on transferring the largest amount of heat to and from the used band. To increase this transfer, obstacles must be used to improve heat transfer, as these barriers disturb the used fluid and increase heat transfer by convection. In this research paper, a mini-channel containing obstacles of variable thickness was used to study the extent of their effect on heat transfer and its strength to withstand the flow pressures in the mini-channel and prevent its deformation. The results proved that with the increase in the thickness of the obstacle, it increases its strength to withstand stresses but at the same time reduces its strength in convective heat transfer. The reason for this is that the increase in the thickness of the obstacle increases the area for heat transfer and thus increases the resistance and heat and prevents heat transfer significantly. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics Inc. | Art. 020004 | EID: 2-s2.0-85176807871

Rheological and mechanical evaluation of Natural Rubber/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber blends for interlocked flooring applications

2023
Jawad A.J.; Braihi A.J.; Kadhum A.A.H.; Sultan Aljibori H.S.; Alamiery A.A.; Gaaz T.S.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Bahrani H.A.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 2787 (1)
Conference paper English ISSN: 0094243X
Department of Polymer and Petrochemicals Industrials, College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), P.O. Box: 43000, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
The Natural Rubber (NR) blend with Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) loaded with different fraction ratios of NR were prepared. Various ratios of NR namely 25-55 part per hundred rubber part (phr) were prepared. The ratios of SBR ranging 45-75 phr from the masterbatch were blended. The rheological and mechanical properties of pure blends and those loaded with different fraction ratios of NR were investigated. Rheological properties analysis has been showing improvement in most blend ratio until 40 phr NR. Parameters such as initial, minimum and maximum torques, Mooney viscosity, and thermo-plasticity were recorded. The overall enhancement is observed in cure rate and induction time in relation with NR loading up to 50phr NR, then declined in above this ratio. The mechanical properties, namely hardness, tensile strength, and Young modulus were improved as NR content increases to nearly 40 phr NR while elongation improved by 35% only. The young modulus results show random behaviour and the maximum value was at the content of 40-45 phr NR. Accordingly, the 40 phr NR blend was found to exhibit the highest values of the most rheological and mechanical properties. © 2023 Author(s).
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics Inc. | Art. 020022 | EID: 2-s2.0-85176797528

Studying the best performance of the CPU thermal conductivity chemical material with the lowest possible deformation

2023
Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Abed A.M.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 2776
Conference paper Open Access English ISSN: 0094243X
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
Thermal managing is necessary for electronics products. The study of the computational fluid dynamics of the heat sink for thermal management is explained. This article focuses on the numerical investigation of temperature distribution (thermal steady-state) and static structural in central processing units (CPU) case with different types of the chemical material which is fix processor to fins. Three forms (cross, dot, and fully) of various materials have been studied. The materials tested in this work are (TG-S808 Thermal grease, TG-N909 Non-silicone, S606B thermal grease, and S606C thermal grease). The thermal and structural analyses are applied with a commercial package providing via ANSYS Fluent. The results show S606B material and dot form are the best choices to produce quick heat transfer and less deformation and stress of the fins. The difference of temperature distribution in the case of steady state thermal at dot form is better than the two others (cross and fully). The temperature at the cross form and S606B dropped from 71.427 to 67.858 degrees Celsius. At the same shape and time interval, material S606B exhibited the least deformation matching to the other materials. Using N909 material in dot form for 1 hour of PC operation results in less deformation than using the same material in full and cross form. S606B has been demonstrated to be the best material for reducing stress in all kinds. © 2023 Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: CPU fix material heat sink fins heat transfer augmentation interaction optimum fix
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics Inc. | Art. 050023 | EID: 2-s2.0-85159701823

CFD Investigation of One-Way Interaction (Fluid-Heat-Deformation) in a Channel with Obstacles

2023
Majdi H.S.; Abaas A.A.A.-N.; Abdullah A.R.; Al-Saaidi H.A.I.; Habeeb L.J.; Zivkovic D.
AIP Conference Proceedings , Vol. 2839 (1)
Conference paper English ISSN: 0094243X
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil, Hillah, Iraq; Mustansiriyah University, Government Contracts Division, Baghdad, Iraq; Al-Rafidain University College, Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech., Baghdad, Iraq; Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
One of the most important techniques of the convective process is by means of fins, which have a significant impact in the manufacture of cooling and heat transfer transformers used in many of the devices used. These fins have the ability to increase the area of heat transfer as they work on turbulence of the fluid used and thus increase the process heat transfer. In this research paper, the presence and distribution of fins in a mini-channel and irrigation system were studied to improve heat transfer in it. The effect of this disturbance on the deformation and stress affecting the fins was studied. The results showed an improvement in heat transfer in the use of distributed fins. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
DOI Scopus
American Institute of Physics Inc. | Art. 020014 | EID: 2-s2.0-85176803773
2022
83 بحث

Adsorption of methyl violet dye onto a prepared bio-adsorbent from date seeds: isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies

2022
Ali N.S.; Jabbar N.M.; Alardhi S.M.; Majdi H.S.; Albayati T.M.
Heliyon , Vol. 8 (8)
137 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 24058440
Mustansiriyah University, College of Engineering, Materials Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq; Biochemical Engineering Department, Al-Khwarizmi Engineering College, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., PO Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq
Raw date seeds, as prospective natural, broadly obtainable and low-price agricultural waste for adsorbing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions, have been studied. In this work, Iraqi date seeds were prepared and characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis before being used as an efficient bio-adsorbent for methyl violet (MV) dye removal. Adsorption tests were conducted with three investigated parameters, namely, time of contact, first adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose. Compared with the pseudo first-order model (coefficient of determination = 0.9001), the pseudo second-order model was determined to be the best-fitting model with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9917. The equilibrium isotherms for MV were obtained, and their ultimate capacity of adsorption was (59.5 mg g1). Two isotherm models, Langmuir and Freundlich, were studied to fit the equilibrium data. Compared with the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.8154), the Langmuir model functioned better as an adsorption isotherm with R2 of 0.9837. In addition, the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The date seeds acted as active adsorbents to remove MV from the aqueous solutions in the model experiments. © 2022 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption isotherms Adsorption kinetics: bio adsorbent Adsorption mechanism Adsorption thermodynamic parameters Batch adsorption Date seeds characterisations Environmental pollution Methyl violet dyes
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. e10276 | EID: 2-s2.0-85136222122

Nanomagnetic Salamo-based-Pd(0) Complex: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck cross-coupling reactions in aqueous medium

2022
Jasim S.A.; Ansari M.J.; Majdi H.S.; Opulencia M.J.C.; Uktamov K.F.
Journal of Molecular Structure , Vol. 1261
94 استشهاد Retracted English ISSN: 00222860
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Senior teacher at “Economic security” Department, Tashkent State University of Economics, Islam Karimov street 49, Tashkent city, 100066, Uzbekistan
In order to develop a magnetic nanocatalyst, an asymmetric salamo-based-Palladium(0) complex grafted on Fe3O4 MNPs was synthesized and characterized using physicochemical methods including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, ICP-AES, X-ray mapping, TGA and VSM analyses. Catalytic activities of [Fe3O4@H2L-Pd (0)] were examined towards two catalytic reactions: a) synthesis of biaryls via the Suzuki C-C cross-coupling of phenylboronic acid with aryl halides and b) one-pot synthesis of butyl cinnamates via the Heck C-C cross-coupling of butyl acrylate with aryl halides under green conditions in aqueous medium. Moreover, the effects of the catalyst amount, reaction temperature, type of the solvent and nature of base on catalytic activity were investigated. The [Fe3O4@H2L-Pd(0)] nanocatalyst was recycled for at least six consecutive reaction cycles without a significant loss of its catalytic activity. This illustrates the sustainable anchoring of palladium(0) on Fe3O4. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: C-C cross-coupling Heck reaction Salamo-based-Pd<sup>(0)</sup> complex Suzuki–Miyaura reaction [Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@H<sub>2</sub>L-Pd<sup>(0)</sup>]
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 132930 | EID: 2-s2.0-85128289250

Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Using Noble-Metal Nanoheterogeneous Catalysts: Towards Sustainable Hydrogen-Based Energy

2022
Al-Nayili A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Albayati T.M.; Cata Saady N.M.
Catalysts , Vol. 12 (3)
81 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Chemistry Department, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, 58001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology Iraq, Baghdad, 35010, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada
The need for sustainable energy sources is now more urgent than ever, and hydrogen is significant in the future of energy. However, several obstacles remain in the way of widespread hydrogen use, most of which are related to transport and storage. Dilute formic acid (FA) is recognized asa a safe fuel for low-temperature fuel cells. This review examines FA as a potential hydrogen storage molecule that can be dehydrogenated to yield highly pure hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with very little carbon monoxide (CO) gas produced via nanoheterogeneous catalysts. It also present the use of Au and Pd as nanoheterogeneous catalysts for formic acid liquid phase decomposition, focusing on the influence of noble metals in monometallic, bimetallic, and trimetallic compositions on the catalytic dehydrogenation of FA under mild temperatures (20–50◦ C). The review shows that FA production from CO2 without a base by direct catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation is far more sustainable than existing techniques. Finally, using FA as an energy carrier to selectively release hydrogen for fuel cell power generation appears to be a potential technique. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Chemical hydrogen storage Dehydrogenation Formic acid (FA) Hydrogen economy Nanoheterogeneous catalysts Sustainable energy
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 324 | EID: 2-s2.0-85126297061

Modification of SBA-15 mesoporous silica as an active heterogeneous catalyst for the hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of n-heptane

2022
Ali N.S.; Alismaeel Z.T.; Majdi H.S.; Salih H.G.; Abdulrahman M.A.; Cata Saady N.M.; Albayati T.M.
Heliyon , Vol. 8 (6)
76 استشهاد Retracted Open Access English ISSN: 24058440
Mustansiriyah University, College of Engineering, Materials Engineering Department Baghdad-Iraq, Iraq; Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadryah, Baghdad, 47008, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., P.O. Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
In this study, a mesoporous SBA-15 silica catalyst was prepared and modified with encased 1% platinum (Pt) metal nanoparticles for the hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of n-heptane in a heterogeneous reaction. The textural and structural characteristics of the nanostructured silica, including both encased and non-encased nanoparticles, were measured using small-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption porosimetry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catalytic testing was carried out in a plug-flow reactor under highly controlled operating conditions involving the reactant flow rate, pressure, and temperature. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the species as they left the reactor. The results demonstrated that 1% Pt/SBA-15 has a high n-heptane conversion activity (approximately 85%). Based on the results of this experimental work, there is no selectivity in the SBA-15 catalysts for isomerization products because they are inactive at the relatively low temperature that is essential for hydroisomerization. On the other hand, the SBA-15 catalysts have a considerable selectivity for products that have cracks, owing to their ability to withstand extremely high temperatures (300–400 ​°C) as well as the availability of Lewis acid sites within the catalyst structure. © 2022 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Catalytic testing Characterization of SBA-15 Hydroisomerization Long-chain n-alkanes Nanoporous materials Octane number Platinum catalyst Platinum precursors
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. e09737 | EID: 2-s2.0-85132536277

Pyramidal Solar Stills via Hollow Cylindrical Perforated Fins, Inclined Rectangular Perforated Fins, and Nanocomposites: An Experimental Investigation

2022
Mohammed S.A.; Basem A.; Omara Z.M.; Alawee W.H.; Dhahad H.A.; Essa F.A.; Abdullah A.S.; Majdi H.S.; Alshalal I.; Isahak W.N.R.W.; Al-Amiery A.A.
Sustainability (Switzerland) , Vol. 14 (21)
63 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20711050
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33511, Egypt; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 16278, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshops Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
A practical study was conducted to improve the performance of conventional pyramidal solar stills (CPSS) using two types of fins with differing geometries, as well as nanocomposites of TiO2 and graphene. The first fin was hollow, cylindrical, and perforated (HCPF), whereas the second fin was an inclined perforated rectangular fin (IPRF). The fins were integrated with the base of a solar still to evaluate their performance in comparison with a CPSS. The obtained experimental results demonstrated that the pyramidal solar still with hollow perforated cylindrical fins (PSS-HCPF) and the pyramidal solar still with inclined perforated rectangular fins (PSS-IPRF) produced more distillate than the PSS-HCPF and CPSS under all examined conditions. The daily productivities of the CPSS, PSS-HCPF, and PSS-IPRF were 3718, 4840, and 5750 mL/m2, respectively, with the PSS-HCPF and PSS-IPRF improving the productivity by 31.3% and 55.9%, respectively, compared to that of the CPSS. In addition, using nanocomposites with PSS-IPRF improved the daily distillate production by 82.1%. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: graphene nanocomposite perforated fins pyramidal solar still rectangular fins
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 14116 | EID: 2-s2.0-85141874130

Thermal Management of the Melting Process in a Latent Heat Triplex Tube Storage System Using Different Configurations of Frustum Tubes

2022
Tiji M.E.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Mohammed H.I.; Dulaimi A.; Rashid F.L.; Mahdi J.M.; Majdi H.S.; Talebizadehsardari P.; Ali H.M.
Journal of Nanomaterials , Vol. 2022
55 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 16874110
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran; Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan, 46021, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Middlesex, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
In this study, the energy charging mechanism is mathematically modeled to determine the impact of design modifications on the thermofluidic behavior of a phase change material (PCM) filled in a triplex tube containment geometry. The surface area of the middle tube, where the PCM is placed, is supported by single or multi-internal frustum tubes in vertical triplex tubes to increase the performance of the heating and cooling of the system. In addition to the ordinary straight triplex tubes, three more scenarios are considered: (1) changing the middle tube to the frustum tube, (2) changing the inner tube to the frustum tube, and (3) changing both the internal and central tubes to the frustum tubes. The impact of adopting the tube designs and gap width were studied. The outcomes reveal that the heat storage rates are increased for all frustum tube systems compared to the straight tube system. According to the results, the case of a gap width of 5 mm is the optimal one among the studied cases in terms of the melting time and the heat storage rate. Employing the frustum tube configuration with a 5-mm gap width would save the melting time by 25.6% and increase the rate of heat storage by 32.8% compared to the base case of straight tubes. © 2022 Mohammadreza Ebrahimnataj Tiji et al.
DOI Scopus
Hindawi Limited | Art. 7398110 | EID: 2-s2.0-85135982028

Dietary Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil improved growth, haematology, immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2022
Hafsan H.; Bokov D.; Abdelbasset W.K.; Kadhim M.; Suksatan W.; Majdi H.S.; Widjaja G.; Jalil A.T.; Qasim M.T.; Balvardi M.
Aquaculture Research , Vol. 53 (8), pp. 3164-3175
55 استشهاد Retracted English ISSN: 1355557X
Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Gowa, Indonesia; Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Faculty of Law, Universitas Krisnadwipayana Indonesia, Jatiwaringin, Indonesia; Ministry of Education, Directorate Thi-Qar Education, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
In the present study, the effect of Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil (DKE) was investigated on growth, haematology, immune and antioxidant defence system and resistance of rainbow trout juveniles to bacterial infection (Aeromonas hydrophila). For this purpose, the fish were fed a diet containing different concentrations of DKE including 0 (control), 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mg/kg diet in three replicates for 60 days. After feeding trial, the fish were challenged with a pathogenic dose of A. hydrophila. Based on the results, immune components in plasma (alternative complement activity [ACH50], IgM content, lysozyme activity, total protein and total albumin) and mucus (protease activity, IgM content and lysozyme activity) significantly elevated in fish fed diet containing 0.2 and 0.25 mg DKE/kg diet compared with other groups (p < 0.01). The plasma bactericidal activity increased in all DKE-supplemented fish. Supplementation of fish with 0.3 mg DKE/kg diet depressed the mucosal lysozyme activity and IgM content. The liver antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed increased activity in response to 0.25 and 0.3 mg DKE/kg diet compared with other experimental diets (p < 0.01). Dietary DKE changed the haematology of the fish. The haematocrit, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin content and mean erythrocyte cell haemoglobin content (MCHC) increased in response to DKE. In contrast, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) decreased in fish fed 0.2 and 0.25 mg DKE/kg diet compared with other diets (p < 0.01). The supplementation of fish with 0.2 and 0.25 mg DKE/kg diet decreased the expression of cytokine-related genes, TNF-α and IL-8. In contrast, the DKE up-regulated the expression of the immune-related genes, C3 and lysozyme. DKE at concentration of 0.3 mg/kg diet depressed the C3 and lysozyme gene expressions. The DKE supplementation decreased the mortality rate of the fish after bacterial challenge compared with non-supplemented ones (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed the immune-stimulating effects of DKE at optimized dietary concentrations. In addition, DKE decreased the mortality induced by A. hydrophila infection. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bacterial Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil fish immunity
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Inc | EID: 2-s2.0-85126382021

Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Titanium Nanotubes Coated with Chitosan: A Promising Formulation with Sustained Release and Enhanced Antibacterial Properties

2022
Asadi S.; Mortezagholi B.; Hadizadeh A.; Borisov V.; Ansari M.J.; Shaker Majdi H.; Nishonova A.; Adelnia H.; Farasati Far B.; Chaiyasut C.
Pharmaceutics , Vol. 14 (7)
50 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19994923
Department of Anlytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran; Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Tehran Branch, Tehran, 1148963537, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran; Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran; Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physiology and Pathology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran; Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Due to their high entrapment efficiency, anodized titanium nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) are considered effective reservoirs for loading/releasing strong antibiotics whose systemic administration is associated with diverse and severe side-effects. In this study, TiO2-NTs were synthesized by an-odic oxidation of titanium foils, and the effects of electrolyte percentage and viscosity on their di-mensions were evaluated. It was found that as the water content increased from 15 to 30%, the wall thickness, length, and inner diameter of the NTs increase from 5.9 to 15.8 nm, 1.56 to 3.21 µm, and 59 to 84 nm, respectively. Ciprofloxacin, a highly potent antibiotic, was loaded into TiO2-NTs with a high encapsulation efficiency of 93%, followed by coating with different chitosan layers to achieve a sustained release profile. The prepared formulations were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and contact measurement. In vitro release studies showed that the higher the chitosan layer count, the more sustained the release. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the formulation against two endodontic species from Peptostreptococcus and Fusobacterium revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 µg/mL for the former and the latter. To summarize, this study demonstrated that TiO2-NTs are promising reservoirs for drug loading, and that the chitosan coating provides not only a sustained release profile, but also a synergistic antibacterial effect. © by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: anodic oxidation antibacterial chitosan drug delivery titanium dioxide nanotube
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1359 | EID: 2-s2.0-85133376963

Modification of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Membranes with DES-Functionalized Carbon Nanospheres for Removal of Methyl Orange by Membrane Distillation

2022
Aljumaily M.M.; Ali N.S.; Mahdi A.E.; Alayan H.M.; Alomar M.; Hameed M.M.; Ismael B.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Alsaadi M.A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Mohammed Z.B.
Water (Switzerland) , Vol. 14 (9)
47 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734441
Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Maaref University College, Ramadi, 31001, Iraq; Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, 14022, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsena’a Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; National Chair of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 611, Oman; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
Chemical pollutants, such as methyl orange (MO), constitute the main ingredients in the textile industry wastewater, and specifically, the dyeing process. The use of such chemicals leads to huge quantities of unfixed dyes to make their way to the water effluent and consequently escalates the water pollution problem. This work investigates the incorporation of hydrophobic carbon nanospheres (CNS) prepared from the pyrolysis of acetylene using the chemical vapor deposition technique with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) in order to enhance its hydrophobicity. Moreover, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used to enhance the membrane’s porosity. The former was based on the quaternary ammonium salt (N,N-diethyl-ethanol-ammonium chloride) as a chemical addition throughout the membrane synthesis. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was employed to assess the performance of the modified membrane for treatment of MO contaminated water. The phase inversion method was used to embed various contents of CNS (i.e., 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt.%) with 22:78 wt.% of PVDF-co-HFP/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution to prepare flat-sheet membranes. The membrane embedded with 5 wt.% CNS resulted in an increase in membrane hydrophobicity and presented considerable enhancement in DCMD permeation from 12 to 35 L/h.m2 with salt rejection >99.9%. Moreover, the composite membrane showed excellent anti-biofouling and mechanical characteristics as compared to the pristine counterpart. Using this membrane, a complete rejection of MO was achieved due to the synergistic contribution of the dye negative charge and the size exclusion effect. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: anti-biofouling deep eutectic solvent membrane distillation methyl orange PVDF-HFP wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1396 | EID: 2-s2.0-85129740039

Role of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)-Derived exosomes in tumor progression and survival

2022
Amin A.H.; Sharifi L.M.A.; Kakhharov A.J.; Opulencia M.J.C.; Alsaikhan F.; Bokov D.O.; Majdi H.S.; Jawad M.A.; Hammid A.T.; Shalaby M.N.; Mustafa Y.F.; Siahmansouri H.
Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy , Vol. 150
46 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 07533322
Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; College of medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Samarkand State Dental Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Computer Engineering Department, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq; Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a quickly aggressive hematopoietic disorder that progress due to the accumulation and clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells. Despite the latest developments in AML treatment, repeated relapses and drug resistance remain one of the major challenges in treatment of leukemia. Currently, it is well known that the components of the tumor microenvironment such as cellular and non-cellular elements play a critical function in treatment failures of AML, also they are most common cause of complications including suppression of hematopoiesis. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer signaling molecules and have attracted a large amount of attention due to their important role in inter-cellular communication in health and disease. Exosomes participate in the survival and chemoresistance of many leukemia through transferring their rich cargos of molecules including miRNAs, growth factors, and cytokines. The key producers of exosomes that mainly participate to AML pathogenesis are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) and AML cell themselves. These cells release an enormous number of exosomes that affect several target cells such as natural killer (NK) and hematopoietic stem cells to the development of leukemia proliferation and progression. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature has been done to briefly discuss the biology of exosomes and highlight the role of exosomes derived from AML in the progress of acute myeloid leukemia. © 2022
الكلمات المفتاحية: Acute myeloblastic leukemia Cancer Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Leukemia progression MiRNAs
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Masson s.r.l. | Art. 113009 | EID: 2-s2.0-85130221387

Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Wastewater Treatment

2022
Bassim S.; Mageed A.K.; AbdulRazak A.A.; Majdi H.S.
Inorganics , Vol. 10 (12)
46 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23046740
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Oil Refinery Department, Al Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
In this paper, the extract of Citrus aurantium (CA) was used as a green approach for the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The green Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/CA) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The synthesized Fe3O4/CA was used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. A four-factor central composite design (CCD), combined with response surface modeling (RSM), was used to maximize the MB dye removal. The four independent variables, which were initial dye concentration (10–50 mg/L), solution pH (3–9), adsorbent dose (ranging from 200–1000 mg/L), and contact time (30–90 min), were used as inputs to the model of the perecentage dye removal. The results yielded by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the high significance of the regression model. The predicted values of the MB dye removal were in agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Optimized conditions for the maximum MB dye removal (93.14%) by Fe3O4/CA were the initial dye concentration (10.02 mg/L), pH (8.98), adsorbent mass (997.99 mg/L), and contact time (43.71 min). The validity of the quadratic model was examined, and good agreement was found between the experimental and predicted values. Our findings demonstrated that green Fe3O4NPs is a good adsorbent for MB removal. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: adsorption Citrus aurantium Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles green synthesis methylene blue
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 260 | EID: 2-s2.0-85144671043

Investigation of recent progress in metal-based materials as catalysts toward electrochemical water splitting

2022
Solanki R.; Patra I.; Ahmad N.; Kumar N.B.; Parra R.M.R.; Zaidi M.; Yasin G.; Anil Kumar T.C.; Hussein H.A.; Sivaraman R.; Majdi H.S.; Alkadir O.K.A.; Yaghobi R.
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering , Vol. 10 (4)
45 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 22133437
Department Of Chemistry, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, India; Nit, West Bengal, Durgapur, India; Department Of Physics, College Of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box: 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department If Electrical And Electronics Engineering, University Of Vignan's Foundation For Science Technology And Research, Guntur, India; Department Of General Studies, Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru; Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences (Maysan), Iraq; Department Of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University Of Vignan's Foundation For Science Technology And Research, Vadlamudi, India; Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department Of Mathematics, Institution Of Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University Of Madras, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India; Department Of Chemical Engineering And Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Material Science Department, University Of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Hydrogen production from electrocatalytic water splitting is one way to tackle the rise of the energy crisis, but it still requires cost-effective, high stable, and high-performance materials to produce hydrogen on a large scale. So far, hydrogen as alternative resource to address energy issue in world is under progress and several attempts have been made to further improve it. Transition metal-based materials have been documented as promising catalysts due to their high electrocatalytic activity, structural tunability, high electrochemical surface area, high conductivity, and high stability under harsh conditions. However, the main challenge of electrocatalytic production of hydrogen through water splitting is in the development of cost-effective earth-abundant catalysts to enable their industrial-scale deployment. In this review work, the authors represent the most key factors in an electrocatalyst performance analysis and a comprehensive review of the most recent development on various material preparation for synthesizing non-precious or precious metal-based electrocatalysts to dissociate water electrochemically into hydrogen and oxygen. The correlation between catalyst structure and related activity for the improved electrocatalytic reaction is discussed. Also, doping with adatoms, composition with other transition metals for synergy effects, and downsizing nanostructure of corresponding materials are reviewed. Finally, existing challenges and bright prospective paths for catalyst designing and synthesizing methods of catalysts for electrochemical water splitting are discussed. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Electrocatalysts Electrochemical water splitting Energy conversion Hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction Transition metals
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 108207 | EID: 2-s2.0-85134374745

Parameters Affecting the Efficiency of Solar Stills—Recent Review

2022
Essa F.A.; Abdullah A.; Majdi H.S.; Basem A.; Dhahad H.A.; Omara Z.M.; Mohammed S.A.; Alawee W.H.; Ezzi A.A.; Yusaf T.
Sustainability (Switzerland) , Vol. 14 (17)
44 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 20711050
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Cairns, 4870, QLD, Australia
Although water is the second most important fluid, after air, found on the Earth, there is a vital problem in the availability of water for many organisms, and this problem faces the whole world. As a result, scientists have developed many methods of purifying the saline/brackish water to be suitable for different uses in addition to the purpose of drinking. Fortunately, solar distillation is very rewarding in terms of operating costs and costs for a liter of freshwater distillated with using clean and environmentally friendly energy. Solar distiller is one of the solar distillation systems devices, which is simple in construction, cheap, and easy to use but it has the drawback of low productivity. This article aims to provide a summary of the different ideas and works on solar stills through different variables that affect the performance of distillers. In contrast to the review papers dealing with this topic, this paper contains comprehensive and complete details and careful reviews of all the variables that affect the performance of distillers. Therefore, it is like a ladder in front of the authors until they reach the recent of what has been studied on the distillers in a simplified way to save time and effort, which will help them to come up with different ideas that were not easily studied. Thus, this paper introduces an overview on the detailed parameters affecting the performance of solar stills. These parameters are climatic, design, and operating factors. Climatic factors consist of solar radiation, ambient temperature, air speed, and dusty and cloudy weather. While the design factors include the evaporative and exposure surface areas, glazing cover material, inclination, and thickness, distiller material, and of insulating material and thickness. Whist, the operating parameters consist of the water temperature, feed water temperature, applying vacuum, temperature difference between water and glass cover, and hybrid systems. From the extensive literature, it is concluded that the climatic, design, and operating factors significantly affect the performance of the solar still. Finally, some points are proposed for further investigation. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: air speed ambient temperature factors phase change materials (PCMs) solar distillation solar still vacuum technology
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 10668 | EID: 2-s2.0-85137866961

Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Thin Films: Influence of Sulphur Precursor Concentration on Microstructural and Optoelectronic Characterizations

2022
Najm A.S.; Naeem H.S.; Alwarid D.A.R.M.; Aljuhani A.; Hasbullah S.A.; Hasan H.A.; Sopian K.; Bais B.; Al-Iessa H.J.; Majdi H.S.; Sultan A.J.; Moria H.
Coatings , Vol. 12 (10)
39 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20796412
Department of Electrical, Electronics and System, FKAB, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al Muthanna, Samawah, 66001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City, 41912, Saudi Arabia; School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10053, Iraq; Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Oil Exploration Laboratories, Baghdad, 10053, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City, 41912, Saudi Arabia
In this study, we aimed to improve our understanding of the response mechanisms associated with the formation of CdS thin films. CdS thin film remains the most valuable option for many researchers, since it has shown to be an effective buffer material for film-based polycrystalline solar cells (CdTe, CIGSe, CZTS). We performed experimental and numerical simulations to investigate the effect of different thiourea concentrations on the characteristics of the CdS buffer layer. The experimental results reveal that an increase in thiourea concentrations had a direct effect on the optical results, with bandgap values ranging from (2.32 to 2.43) eV. XRD analysis confirmed that all deposited films were polycrystalline, except for [1/0.75], where there is no CdS formation. Electrical studies indicated that CdS with a molar ratio of [Cd]/[S] of 1 had the maximum carrier concentration (3.21 × 1014 cm−3) and lowest resistivity (1843.9 Ω·cm). Based on the proposed mechanism, three kinds of mechanisms are involved in the formation of CdS layers. Among them, the ion-by-ion mechanism has a significant effect on the formation of CdS films. Besides, modelling studies reveal that the optic-electrical properties of the buffer layer play a crucial role in influencing the performance of a CIGS solar cell. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: cadmium sulphides chemical bath deposition (CBD) SCAPS D1 thin film thiourea
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1400 | EID: 2-s2.0-85140725791

Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by UV Light Using N-Doped TiO2 in Suspension and Coated Forms

2022
Abdulrahman S.A.; Shnain Z.Y.; Ibrahim S.S.; Majdi H.S.
Catalysts , Vol. 12 (12)
39 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
The presence of organic compounds such as ciprofloxacin in untreated pharmaceutical wastewater often poses a serious health risk to human and aquatic life when discharged into water bodies. One of the most effective means of removing ciprofloxacin from wastewater is photocatalytic degradation. However, the synthesis of an effective photocatalyst that can degrade the organic pollutant in the wastewater is often a challenge. Hence, this study focuses on the synthesis and application of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) in suspension and coated forms for the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by applying UV-light irradiation. The nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation process and characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the initial concentration of the ciprofloxacin (6, 12, 18, or 30 ppm), pH (3, 5, 7, or 9), and flow rate (0.4, 0.8, 0.95, or 1.5 L/min) on the degradation of the ciprofloxacin over the N-TiO2 were investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin was enhanced by increasing the initial ciprofloxacin concentration, while it was decreased with the increase in the feed flow rate. The best operating conditions were obtained using an initial ciprofloxacin concentration of 30 ppm, pH of 5, and feed flow rate of 0.4 L/min. Under these operating conditions, removal efficiencies of 87.87% and 93.6% were obtained for net TiO2 and N-TiO2 of 5 wt% in suspension form, respectively, while 94.5% ciprofloxacin removal efficiency was obtained using coated 5 wt% N-TiO2 after 2 h of photocatalytic degradation. Based on the response surface optimization strategy, a quadratic model was suggested to obtain mathematical expressions to predict the ciprofloxacin removal efficiency under various studied operational parameters. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ciprofloxacin N-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysis titanium dioxide TiO<sub>2</sub>
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1663 | EID: 2-s2.0-85144854069

Gravimetric analysis and quantum chemical assessment of 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors

2022
Mahdi B.S.; Aljibori H.S.S.; Abbass M.K.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Kadhum A.H.; Hanoon M.M.; Isahak W.N.R.W.; Al-Amiery A.A.; Majdi H.Sh.
International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition , Vol. 11 (3), pp. 1191-1213
36 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23056894
Department of production Engineering and metallurgical, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, UKM Bangi, 43000, Malaysia; Energy and Renewable Technology Centre, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Organic molecules containing phosphorous, sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms are recognized substances that prevent steels from corroding in corrosive media. It is believed that organic compounds can stop corrosion by adhering to metallic surfaces. Similar factors include aromaticity, steric characteristics, electron density at donor sites, electronic structure of inhibitory compounds, and the presence of functional groups such –C=N–, –N=N–, –C ≡ N, etc. In addition, the area and molecular weight of the molecule and the electrochemical potential at the steel/environment contact all affect adsorption. In the current study, experimental and theoretical investigations of two 4-aminoantipyrine-type Schiff bases, N-(2-nitrobenzylidene)-4-antipyrinamine (2-NAA) and N-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-4-antipyrinamine (4-NAA), were conducted using gravimetric analysis and quantum chemical assessment using the density functional theory (DFT). 2-NAA and 4-NAA were studied by mass loss techniques as mild steel corrosion inhibitors in 1 M HCl solutions. The inhibitive efficiencies touch the heights at 0.5 mM, giving 95.03 and 91.88% for 2-NAA and 4-NAA, respectively. The decrease in the corrosion rate (CR) and the increase in the inhibition efficiency (IE%) in the presence of the examined inhibitors are due to the formation of a protective layer, which is adsorbed on the mild steel surface in place of the water and chloride ions which existed already. Both 2-NAA and 4-NAA adsorption isotherms obey Langmuir adsorption modes. The decrease in inhibition efficiency for both inhibitors with an increase in temperature indicates a physisorption mechanism, although chemical adsorption takes a part. These facts were confirmed according to the free energy values. Several parameters, including frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), energy gap (ΔE), electronegativity (χ), dipole moment (µ), electron affinity (A), softness (σ), hardness (η), ionization potential (I), and the fraction of electrons transferred (∆N), were assessed to clarify the various inhibitive efficacies and reactive sites of 2-NAA and 4-NAA. The experimental data and the DFT conclusions are in good agreement. © 2022, Russian Association of Corrosion Engineers. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: 4-antipyrinamine corrosion inhibitor DFT HOMO mass loss
DOI Scopus
Russian Association of Corrosion Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85138958607

Groundwater Hydrogeochemical and Quality Appraisal for Agriculture Irrigation in Greenbelt Area, Iraq

2022
Awad E.Sh.; Imran N.S.; Albayati M.M.; Snegirev V.; Sabirova T.M.; Tretyakova N.A.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Al‐furaiji M.H.; Salih I.K.; Majdi H.Sh.
Environments - MDPI , Vol. 9 (4)
36 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20763298
Department of Chemical Technology of Fuel and Industrial Ecology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation; Environmental Research Center, University of Technology‐Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Architecture Engineering, Al Safwa University College, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology‐Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology‐Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Environment and Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al‐Mustaqbal University College, Babil, 51001, Iraq
This study highlights the groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics and processes (hydrochemistry characteristics, ion exchange, and salinization) and quality suitability assessment for irrigation purposes from five wells in the Greenbelt area located in northwestern Al‐Najaf Gov-ernorate, Iraq. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was assessed based on the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for thirteen parameters and groundwater quality indices such as total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percent (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), total hardness (TH), permeability index (PI), potential salinity (PS), Kelley’s ratio (KR), and magnesium hazard ratio (MHR). The IWQI’s average values ranged between 76–139. The results of IWQI for the first and second sampling sites showed values of 139 and 104, respectively, indicating that the groundwater was unsuitable and unsafe for irrigation. In contrast, the IWQI for the third, fourth, and fifth sites were 83, 97, and 76, respectively, indicating that the groundwater was safe and possibly used for irrigation. The EC, TDS, PS, and MHR indices were all found to be unsuitable for irrigation in all five sites, and the KR index was also found to be unsuitable for agricultural irrigation in about 80% of the sites, while it was found that the indices of SAR, SSP, RSC, PI, and TH for all sites were suitable and safe for irrigation. As a result of this study, it has been determined that groundwater in the study area is unsuitable for agricultural irrigation. For sustainable groundwater exploitation, it is advised that a continuous water‐quality‐monitoring program should be implemented, as well as the development of suitable management practices. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: agriculture irrigation groundwater ion exchange irrigation indices IWQI SAR
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 43 | EID: 2-s2.0-85127966538

Heat storage modeling for air ventilation usage considering freezing of paraffin through a sinusoidal duct

2022
Jafaryar M.; Majdi H.S.; Basem A.; Saad H.A.; Hussin A.M.; Alawee W.H.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 55
35 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Renewable energy systems and nanofluid applications in heat transfer Laboratory, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
In this article, sinusoidal layers of PCM through air ventilation were employed. Current unsteady process with neglecting gravity impact is simulated by Finite volume method. Temperature of all zones is 303.15 K at t = 0 and PCM zones contain liquid RT28. Six cases were tested and three of them have various configurations for air gap arguments. Dispersing CuO nanoparticles (φ = 0.05) makes the required time for freezing to decrease about 5.55 %. With changing the shape of PCM zone to wavy duct, full solidification time decreases about 23.52 %. With insertion of air gaps, adding CuO nanoparticles (φ = 0.05) and considering sinusoidal duct, the needed time reduces about 44.44 %. The highest case in view of freezing time is first case. With increase of time, temperature of PCM reduces with heat releasing to air. With insertion of air gaps and sinusoidal wall, the outlet temperature decreases about 0.379 % at the end of discharging. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Air gaps Finite volume method Freezing Nanoparticle Sinusoidal duct
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 105296 | EID: 2-s2.0-85135381050

An in-depth analysis of nucleation and growth mechanism of CdS thin film synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique

2022
Najm A.S.; Naeem H.S.; Majdi H.S.; Hasbullah S.A.; Hasan H.A.; Sopian K.; Bais B.; Al-Iessa H.J.; Dhahad H.A.; Ali J.M.; Sultan A.J.
Scientific Reports , Vol. 12 (1)
35 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20452322
Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; University of Al Muthanna, Samawah, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Bangi, 43600 UKM, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Oil Exploration Laboratories, Al Wazireya, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
The aim of this study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the response mechanism that is associated with the formation of CdS thin films. We presented an effective and new hybrid sensitisation technique, which involved the 1-step linker between the related chemical bath deposition (CBD) process and the traditional doping method during CBD for synthesising high-quality, CdS thin films. The mechanism for the combined synthesis of the films is also describes. CdS films were electrostatically bonded to soda-lime glass, causing the formation of the intermediate complexes [Cd(NH3)4]2+, which aided in the collision of these complexes with a soda-lime glass slide. In the one-step fabrication technique, 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA) was employed as a second source of sulphur ions and a linker molecule. Optical studies showed that the bandgap ranged between (2.26–2.52) eV. CdS + MPA films exhibited a uniform distribution of spherical molecules based on their morphological properties. After annealing, this approach significantly altered the electrical characteristics of CdS films. The CdS + MPA films displayed the highest carrier concentration whereas the CdS + Ag + MPA films exhibited the lowest resistivity, with a jump of 3 orders of magnitude. © 2022, The Author(s).
DOI Scopus
Nature Research | Art. 15295 | EID: 2-s2.0-85137728887

Investigation of atomic behavior and pool boiling heat transfer of water/Fe nanofluid under different external heat fluxes and forces: A molecular dynamics approach

2022
Tian Y.; Patra I.; Majdi H.S.; Ahmad N.; Sivaraman R.; Smaisim G.F.; Hadrawi S.K.; Alizadeh A.; Hekmatifar M.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 38
34 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Qingdao Huanghai University, Shangdong, Qingdao, 266427, China; An Independent Researcher, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box: 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Unit (NAMRU), Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq; Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Computer Engineering Department, Imam Reza University, Mashhad, Iran; Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Soran, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
The boiling process is an efficient and effective heat transfer mode. Generally, different parameters such as temperature, pressure, external forces, etc., amend the pool boiling heat transfer (PBHT) rate. The present article uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study the efficacy of different external forces(EFs) and heat fluxes (HFs) on the atomic and PBHT of water/Fe nanofluid (NF) flow. This study is performed in a microchannel (MC) with Fe-walls. The atomic behavior of the simulated structure is examined using the change in maximum temperature (T), maximum velocity(V), and maximum density(D), and the PBHT is studied by the phase change time (PCT) and HF. Results show that the maximum values of T, V, and D increase with increasing the EF and HF. Numerically, with increasing EF from 0.001 to 0.005 eV/Å, the maximum D, maximum V, and maximum T increase from 0.033 atom/Å3, 0.038 Å/fs, and 789 K to 0.034 atom/Å3, 0.039 Å/fs, and 900 K, respectively. Also, the result appears that the HF increases by increasing the applied EF, and the PCT reduces from 0.33 to 0.32 ns. So, the PBHT in the NF improves with increasing EF. On the other hand, the increase in external HF led to a reduction in the PCT (from 0.33 to 0.21 ns). © 2022 The Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: External force Heat transfer Molecular dynamics simulation Nanofluid Pool boiling (PB)
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 102308 | EID: 2-s2.0-85136802511

Investigation of Effective Parameters Ce and Zr in the Synthesis of H-ZSM-5 and SAPO-34 on the Production of Light Olefins from Naphtha

2022
Salah Aldeen O.D.A.; Mahmoud M.Z.; Majdi H.S.; Mutlak D.A.; Fakhriddinovich Uktamov K.; Kianfar E.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering , Vol. 2022
33 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 16878434
Almaarif University, College Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Economic Security Department, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
In this paper, Ce and Zr modified commercial SAPO-34 and H-ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized via a wet impregnation method and used as catalysts for the production of light olefins from naphtha. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using SEM, TGA, XRD, BET, and NH3-TPD. Thermal catalytic cracking of parent catalysts (SAPO-34 and H-ZSM-5) and modified catalysts with Ce and Zr on the production of light olefins from naphtha has been studied. The effects of different loading of Ce (2-8 wt.%), Zr (2-5 wt.%), and different temperatures on the yield of ethylene and propylene were also investigated. The yield of ethylene and propylene improved by 21.78 wt% and 23.8 wt%, respectively, over 2% Ce and 2% Zr on SAPO-34 catalyst. This is due to the higher acid sites on the surface of modified catalysts. It was found that H-ZSM-5 with 2% Zr loading has the highest yield of light olefins (40.4%) at 650°C in comparison with unmodified parent catalysts, while Ce loading has less effect on the olefin yield compared to Zr loading. Finally, simultaneous loading of Ce and Zr showed no effect on the light olefin yield owing to the significant decline of acid sites. © 2022 Omer Dhia Aldeen Salah Aldeen et al.
DOI Scopus
Hindawi Limited | Art. 6165180 | EID: 2-s2.0-85126337517

The effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces on the thermal and atomic behavior of ammonia/copper nanofluid using molecular dynamics simulation

2022
Liu B.; Khalid I.; Patra I.; Kuzichkin O.R.; Sivaraman R.; Turki Jalil A.; Sagban R.; Fadhil Smaisim G.; Sh. Majdi H.; Hekmatifar M.
Journal of Molecular Liquids , Vol. 364
32 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 01677322
College of Agriculture, LiaoDong University, Dandong 118003, Liaoning, China; Department of Agriculture Extension Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; An Independent Researcher, PhD from NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India; Department of Information and Robototechnic Systems, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 308015, Russian Federation; Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Computer Technology Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Unit (NAMRU), Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
The formation of hydrophilic (HPI) and hydrophobic (HPO) surfaces on the walls of simulated aluminum nanochannels (NC) directly affects the thermal behavior and atomic behavior of nanofluid (NF) flows. In the present study, the thermal behavior and atomic behavior of ammonia/Cu NF in an aluminum NC with the walls that covered with HPI (TiO2) surface, HPO surface (Carboxylic acid), and a combination of these two atomic structures were studied using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The quantities of phase change time (PCT), aggregation time (AT) of nanoparticles (NPs), and thermal conductivity (TC) are studied to examine the atomic behavior and thermal behavior of structures. The simulated structure has a higher density (D) in the presence of HPI surface than HPO surface and combined surfaces. Also, using HPI surfaces on the inner surface of aluminum NCs, condensed particles were reduced to 71 % in 2.83 ns, which shows the highest percentage of phase-changed particles in the shortest time. Also, the HPI surface leads to an increase in the TC and AT. According to this simulation, the presence of HPI surfaces improves the thermal behavior of ammonia/Cu NF. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Hydrophilic surface Hydrophobic surface Molecular dynamics simulation Nanofluid Thermal behavior
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 119925 | EID: 2-s2.0-85135407838

A hybrid solidification enhancement in a latent-heat storage system with nanoparticles, porous foam, and fin-aided foam strips

2022
Ben Khedher N.; Mahdi J.M.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Dhahbi S.; Talebizadehsardari P.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 56
32 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.Box 2440, Ha'il City, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Thermal and Energetic Systems Studies (LESTE) at the National School of Engineering of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; Computer Science Department, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
The relatively high storage density and negligible temperature stratification of phase-changing materials (PCMs) facilitate their application as storage modules for managing the mismatch between energy generation and consumption. The poor heat diffusivity of these materials limits their storage effectiveness, and therefore employing efficient thermal enhancers is required. This study examines the fin-aided foam strip as a hybrid enhancer for overcoming the relatively low thermal response of erythritol as PCM in a triple-pipe containment system. Four different enhancement additives, including porous foam, graphene nanoparticles, longitudinal fins, and foam strips within the same volume limitations, were compared and tested via applying an experimentally validated simulation model to verify the functionality of the proposed thermal enhancers. The results show that the inclusion of full foam, fin arrays, and fin-assisted foam strips substantially enhances the solidifying behaviour of PCM as compared to the inclusion of nanoparticles alone. The solidifying time can be decreased by 60.8 %, 63.2 %, and 77.3 %, while the recovery rate can be increased by 152.9, 171.6 %, and 340.1 %, respectively. The results also suggest that increasing the length of strips while decreasing their thickness can further enhance the thermal response of PCM for solidification within the same volume limitations. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Energy efficiency Fins Foam strips Nanoparticles PCMs Thermal energy storage
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 106070 | EID: 2-s2.0-85141924002

The use of a Schiff base derivative to inhibit mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution: a comparison of practical and theoretical findings

2022
Aljibori H.S.; Alwazir A.H.; Abdulhadi S.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Kadhum A.A.H.; Shaker L.M.; Al-Amiery A.A.; Majdi H.Sh.
International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition , Vol. 11 (4), pp. 1435-1455
30 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23056894
College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbalaa, 56001, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Technology Centre, University of Technology–Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Al-Ameed University, Karbalaa, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
The corrosion-preventing capabilities of a new Schiff base namely, 6-(4-bromophenylimino)-guaiacol, were investigated using experimental and quantum chemical theoretical studies on mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. The weight loss technique was used to investigate the anticorrosion performance of 6-(4-bromophenylimino)guaiacol as an inhibitor for mild steel coupons. The weight loss results showed that the tested inhibitor has a high level of inhibition efficiency. The inhibition efficiency was observed to rise as the inhibitor concentration was increased from 0.1 to 0.5 mM, according to the experimental findings. In the presence of 0.5 mM inhibitor, the maximal inhibition efficiency was 95.1%. Furthermore, the adsorption process was estimated and described using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the adsorption of 6-(4-bromophenylimino)guaiacol molecules on the mild steel surface and thereby shielding from corrosion. In addition, computer computations were carried out in order to establish a link between the electronic and structural properties of the tested inhibitor molecules. Chemical computation studies employing density function theory (DFT) were also conducted. The anticorrosion ability of the tested inhibitor is related to the computed chemical quantum parameters like highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), energy gap (ΔE), global softness (σ), global hardness (η), electronegativity (χ), and fraction of electrons transferred (ΔN) and Mulliken charges on the atoms. These factors can be realized by the optimization of the investigated organic compound. The inhibitory mechanism was elicited based on experimental and theoretical findings. Theoretical and experimental findings are in agreement. © 2022, Russian Association of Corrosion Engineers. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: corrosion DFT HCl mild steel Schiff base weight loss
DOI Scopus
Russian Association of Corrosion Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85146184165

Nano-Iron Oxide-Ethylene Glycol-Water Nanofluid Based Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) System with Spiral Flow Absorber: An Energy and Exergy Analysis

2022
Al Ezzi A.; Chaichan M.T.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Waeli A.H.A.; Kazem H.A.; Sopian K.; Fayad M.A.; Dhahad H.A.; Yusaf T.
Energies , Vol. 15 (11)
29 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19961073
Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Engineering Department, American University of Iraq, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq; Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, 311, Oman; Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; School of Engineering and Technology, CQ University, Brisbane, 4009, QLD, Australia
Both electrical and thermal efficiencies combine in determining and evaluating the performance of a PV/T collector. In this study, two PV/T systems consisting of poly and monocrystalline PV panels were used, which are connected from the bottom by a heat exchanger consisting of a spiral tube through which a nanofluid circulates. In this study, a base fluid, water, and ethylene glycol were used, and iron oxide nanoparticles (nano-Fe2O3) were used as an additive. The mixing was carried out according to the highest specifications adopted by the researchers, and the thermophysical properties of the fluid were carefully examined. The prepared nanofluid properties showed a limited effect of the nanoparticles on the density and viscosity of the resulting fluid. As for the thermal conductivity, it increased by increasing the mass fraction added to reach 140% for the case of adding 2% of nano-Fe2O3. The results of the zeta voltage test showed that the supplied suspensions had high stability. When a mass fraction of 0.5% nano-Fe2O3 was added the zeta potential was 68 mV, while for the case of 2%, it reached 49 mV. Performance tests showed a significant increase in the efficiencies with increased mass flow rate. It was found when analyzing the performance of the two systems for nanofluid flow rates from 0.08 to 0.17 kg/s that there are slight differences between the monocrystalline, and polycrystalline systems operating in the spiral type of exchanger. As for the case of using monocrystalline PV the electrical, thermal, and total PV/T efficiencies with 2% added Fe2O3 ranged between 10% to 13.3%, 43–59%, and 59 to 72%, respectively, compared to a standalone PV system. In the case of using polycrystalline PV, the electrical, thermal, and total PV/T efficiencies ranged from 11% to 13.75%, 40.3% to 63%, and 55.5% to 77.65%, respectively, compared to the standalone PV system. It was found that the PV/T electrical exergy was between 45, and 64 W with thermal exergy ranged from 40 to 166 W, and total exergy from 85 to 280 W, in the case of using a monocrystalline panel. In the case of using polycrystalline, the PV/T electrical, thermal, and total exergy were between 45 and 66 W, 42–172 W, and 85–238 W, respectively. The results showed that both types of PV panels can be used in the harsh weather conditions of the city of Baghdad with acceptable, and efficient productivity. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: energy exergy monocrystalline nano-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> polycrystalline
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 3870 | EID: 2-s2.0-85131511983

Modeling of biogas production and biodegradability of date palm fruit wastes with different moisture contents

2022
Ben Khedher N.; Lattieff F.A.; Mahdi J.M.; Ghanim M.S.; Majdi H.S.; Jweeg M.J.; Baazaoui N.
Journal of Cleaner Production , Vol. 375
28 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09596526
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 53962, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Thermal and Energetic Systems Studies (LESTE), The National School of Engineering of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Environment and Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
Three mathematical models are implemented in this research to describe the hydrolysis kinetics and cumulative biogas production during the anaerobic digestion of wastes from date palm fruits. Kinetic modeling based on first-order, Gompertz, and surface-based models was performed to find out whether the controlling step is hydrolysis kinetics or bacterial growth. By using batch tests, the modeling was extended to include the digestion under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions at different blending fractions of 10, 15, 25, and 50% (weight of solid/weight of water) (w/w). The results showed that the highest and the lowest biogas yield were in the case of 15% w/w (182 L/kgVS) and the case of 50% w/w (84 L/kgVS), respectively. A 203 L/kgVS was the maximum biogas reached using recycled digestate wastes with 25% of the substrate content. The Gompertz model showed the best fit of these experiments’ results providing that bacterial growth is the limiting step in the generation of biogas from the wastes of date palm fruits. The maximum deviation between the model predictions and the experimental data was 6%, while the lowest deviation, 2%, was estimated in the case of 15% w/w. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Anaerobic digestion Date palm Gompertz model Hydrolysis kinetic
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 134103 | EID: 2-s2.0-85138327616

Predictive modeling and computational machine learning simulation of adsorption separation using advanced nanocomposite materials

2022
Hu X.; Alsaikhan F.; Majdi H.S.; Bokov D.O.; Mohamed A.; Sadeghi A.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry , Vol. 15 (9)
27 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 18785352
Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Qingdao Huanghai University, Shandong, Qingdao, 266427, China; Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11745, Egypt; Research and Development Department, Kimia Gostar Noyan Company, Alborz, Karaj, Iran; Research and Development Department, Pars Alcohol Company, Fars, Eghlid, Iran
Adsorption process was simulated in this study for removal of Hg and Ni from water using nanocomposite materials. The used nanostructured material for the adsorption study was a combined MOF and layered double hydroxide, which is considered as MOF-LDH in this work. The data were obtained from resources and different machine learning models were trained. We selected three different regression models, including elastic net, decision tree, and Gradient boosting, to make regression on the small data set with two inputs and two outputs. Inputs are Ion type (Hg or Ni) and initial ion concentration in the feed solution (C0), and outputs are equilibrium concentration (Ce) and equilibrium capacity of the adsorbent (Qe) in this dataset. After tuning their hyper-parameters, final models were implemented and assessed using different metrics. In terms of the R2-score metric, all models have more than 0.97 for Ce and more than 0.88 for Qe. The Gradient Boosting has an R2-score of 0.994 for Qe. Also, considering RMSE and MAE, Gradient Boosting shows acceptable errors and best models. Finally, the optimal values with the GB model are identical to dataset optimal: (Ion = Ni, C0 = 250, Ce = 206.0). However, for Qe, it is different and is equal to (Ion = Hg, C0 = 121.12, Ce = 606.15). The results revealed that the developed methods of simulation are of high capacity in prediction of adsorption for removal of heavy metals using nanostructure materials. © 2022 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption Heavy metals Machine learning Nanocomposites Separation
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 104062 | EID: 2-s2.0-85133623749

CFD analysis on optimizing the annular fin parameters toward an improved storage response in a triple-tube containment system

2022
Bahlekeh A.; Mohammed H.I.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Dulaimi A.; Majdi H.S.; Talebizadehsardari P.; Mahdi J.M.
Energy Science and Engineering , Vol. 10 (12), pp. 4814-4839
26 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20500505
Mechanical Engineering Department, Ege University, Bornova/Izmir, Turkey; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq; Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Due to the low thermal conductivity of the phase change material and low thermal diffusion inside the phase change material, this study seeks to improve the melting response of a triple-tube latent heat storage system via employing annular fins by optimizing their structural parameters, including the fin number, location, and dimensions. Natural convection effects are numerically evaluated considering different numbers and the locations of the fins, including fin numbers of 4, 10, 16, 20, and 30 in a vertical system orientation. The fins are attached to the inner and outer sides of the annulus, accommodating the phase change material between the inner and center tubes. The fins' number and location are identical on both sides of the annulus, and the volume of the fins is the same across all scenarios evaluated. The results show that the higher the number of fins used, the greater the heat communication between the fins and the phase change material layers in charge, resulting in faster melting and a higher rate of heat storage. Due to the limited natural convection effect and lower heat diffusion at the heat exchanger's bottom, an additional fin is added, and its thickness is assessed. The results show that the case with equal fin thickness, that is, both original fins and the new fin, performs the best performance compared with that for the cases with an added fin with thicknesses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm. Eliminating an extra fin from the base of the system for the case with 30 fins increases the charging time by 53.3%, and reduces the heat storage rate by 44%. The overall melting time for the case with an added fin to the bottom is 1549 s for the case with 30 fins which is 85.8%, 34.2%, 18%, and 8.8% faster than the cases with 4, 10, 16, and 20 fins, respectively. This study reveals that further attention should be given to the position and number of annular fins to optimize the melting mechanism in phase-changing materials-based heat storage systems. © 2022 The Authors. Energy Science & Engineering published by the Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: melting natural convection number and arrangement of fins phase change material thermal energy storage triple-tube latent heat storage system
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85138929986

Prediction of busulfan solubility in supercritical CO2 using tree-based and neural network-based methods

2022
Tianhao Z.; Sh. Majdi H.; Dmitry Olegovich B.; Abdelbasset W.K.; Thangavelu L.; Su C.-H.; Chinh Nguyen H.; Alashwal M.; Ghazali S.
Journal of Molecular Liquids , Vol. 351
25 استشهاد Retracted English ISSN: 01677322
School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Yunan province, 650091, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Department of Computer Science, Jeddah International College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
Drug solubility is a critical parameter in the pharmaceutical industry for developing efficient processes for production of nanomedicine at industrial scale. Several attempts have been made in recent years to investigate and obtain this parameter using various data mining methods, including neural networks. In this study, to reduce the error rate in predicting solubility, three methods including Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), decision tree, and random forest have been applied to 32 rows of experimental data collected from literature for solubility of a model drug in supercritical CO2. Afterwards, the results of these models are examined and compared with measured data to calibrate and validate the developed models. Finally, the mean squared error improved to 1.77 e −5 in Random Forest Model. MLP and decision tree models mean squared errors are equal to 6.72 e −5 and 3.28 e −5, respectively which is a good result, especially when we can guarantee that the model did not have more problems in predicting the drug solubility and can be used as reliable methods in the pharmaceutical area. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Decision tree Drug Machine learning Solubility Supercritical processing
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 118630 | EID: 2-s2.0-85123924716

Analysis of mixed convection of a power-law non-Newtonian nanofluid through a vented enclosure with rotating cylinder under magnetic field

2022
Abderrahmane A.; Alqsair U.F.; Guedri K.; Jamshed W.; Nasir N.A.A.; Majdi H.S.; Baghaei S.; Mourad A.; Marzouki R.
Annals of Nuclear Energy , Vol. 178
25 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03064549
Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), University of Mascara, Algeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 5555, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran; Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
The impact of an inner adiabatic rotating cylinder within a vented cavity on the mixed convection of a hybrid nanofluid is investigated in this paper using a numerical solution. The governing equations of mixed convection motion are assumed to be two-dimensional, steady, and laminar for an incompressible power-law non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid. Using the finite element technique, these equations are numerically solved. (Al2O3–Cu/CMC) is presented as a nanofluid in this study. The effects of significant parameters such as the Hartman number (0 < Ha < 100), cylinder radii (0.1 < R < 0.25), cylinder positions (0.25 < AR < 0.75), angular rotational speed (−10 ≤ Ω ≤ 10), Grashof number (103 ≤ Gr ≤ 105) and Reynolds number (50 ≤ Re ≤ 500) are studied. The gathered information is displayed using a variety of qualitative and quantitative numbers. The findings report that rotating the stationary cylinder counterclockwise enhances convective heat transfer, whereas rotating it clockwise has the opposite effect. Furthermore, when the cylinder is rotated counterclockwise, the heat transfer improves as the cylinder approaches the hot wall. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Enclosure Mixed convection Nanofluid Non-Newtonian
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 109339 | EID: 2-s2.0-85134752842

Modification of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane Using Poly(terephthalic acid-co-glycerol-g-maleic anhydride) as Novel Pore Former

2022
Aljanabi A.A.A.; Mousa N.E.; Aljumaily M.M.; Majdi H.S.; Yahya A.A.; AL-Baiati M.N.; Hashim N.; Rashid K.T.; Al-Saadi S.; Alsalhy Q.F.
Polymers , Vol. 14 (16)
24 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734360
Al-Mussaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, 51009, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsena’a Street No. 52, B. O. 35010, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Ramadi, 31001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, Holly, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
In this research, poly terephthalic acid-co-glycerol-g-maleic anhydride (PTGM) graft co-polymer was used as novel water-soluble pore formers for polyethersulfone (PES) membrane modification. The modified PES membranes were characterized to monitor the effect of PTGM content on their pure water flux, hydrophilicity, porosity, morphological structure, composition, and performance. PTGM and PES/PTGM membranes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle (CA). The results revealed that the porosity and hydrophilicity of the fabricated membrane formed using a 5 wt.% PTGM ratio exhibited an enhancement of 20% and 18%, respectively. Similarly, upon raising the PTGM ratio in the casting solution, a more porous with longer finger-like structure was observed. However, at optimum PTGM content (i.e., 5%), apparent enhancements in the water flux, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA) retention were noticed by values of 203 L/m2.h (LMH), 94, and 96%, respectively. These results illustrated that the observed separation and permeation trend of the PES/PTGM membrane may be a suitable option for applications of wastewater treatment. The experimental results suggest the promising potential of PTGM as a pore former on the membrane properties and performance. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bovine serum albumin poly(terephthalic acid-co-glycerol-g-maleic anhydride) polyethersulfone pore former sodium alginate ultrafiltration membrane water-soluble
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 3408 | EID: 2-s2.0-85137593403

Drug delivery and anticancer activity of biosynthesised mesoporous Fe2O3 nanoparticles

2022
Abolhasani Zadeh F.; Abdalkareem Jasim S.; Atakhanova N.E.; Majdi H.S.; Abed Jawad M.; Khudair Hasan M.; Borhani F.; Khatami M.
IET Nanobiotechnology , Vol. 16 (3), pp. 85-91
22 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17518741
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq; Department of Oncology and Radiology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College of Medical Sciences, Missan, Iraq; Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles of haematite were synthesised using plant extracts according to bioethics principles. The structural, physical and chemical properties of mesoporous Fe2O3 nanoparticles synthesised with the green chemistry approach were evaluated by XRD, SEM, EDAX, BET, VSM and HRTEM analysis. Then, their toxicity against normal HUVECs and MCF7 cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay for 48 h. These biogenic mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles have over 71% of doxorubicin loading efficiency, resulting in a 50% reduction of cancer cells at a 0.5 μg.ml−1 concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles be used as a multifunctional agent in medicine (therapeutic-diagnostic). The produced mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles with its inherent structural properties such as polygonal structure (increasing surface area to particle volume) and porosity with large pore volume became a suitable substrate for loading the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. © 2022 The Authors. IET Nanobiotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bioethics principles MCF-7 breast cancer cell line mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles MTT test targeted transfer
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Inc | EID: 2-s2.0-85126288088

Novel Water-Soluble Poly(terephthalic-co-glycerol-g-fumaric acid) Copolymer Nanoparticles Harnessed as Pore Formers for Polyethersulfone Membrane Modification: Permeability–Selectivity Tradeoff Manipulation

2022
Rashid K.T.; Alayan H.M.; Mahdi A.E.; Al-Baiati M.N.; Majdi H.Sh.; Salih I.K.; Ali J.M.; Alsalhy Q.F.
Water (Switzerland) , Vol. 14 (9)
21 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734441
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, AlMustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This work presents poly(terephthalic-co-glycerol-g-fumaric acid) (TGF) as a novel water-soluble polymeric nano-additive for the modification of a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane. The TGF was harnessed as a pore former, aiming to improve the membrane surface porosity and hydrophilicity. Modified membranes were characterized to observe the influence of varying the TGF content on their hydrophilicity, porosity, morphological structure, and composition, as well as their entire performance. The results disclosed that porosity and hydrophilicity of the modified membrane prepared using 4 wt.% TGF content recorded an enhancement by 24% and 38%, respectively. Herein, the lower contact angle was mainly a reflection of the improved porosity, but not of the hydrophilic nature of water-soluble TGF. Furthermore, upon increasing the TGF content in the polymeric matrix, a more porous structure with longer finger-like micropores was formed. Moreover, a sponge-like layer clearly appeared near the bottom surface. Nevertheless, at optimum TGF content (4%), a clear enhancement in the water flux and BSA retention was witnessed by values of 298 LMH and 97%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the obtained permeation and separation behavior of the PES/TGF membrane could stand as a promising choice for water and wastewater treatment applications. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bovine serum albumin nano graft copolymer (TGF) polyethersulfone ultrafiltration wastewater
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1507 | EID: 2-s2.0-85130243877

New systematic study approach of green synthesis CdS thin film via Salvia dye

2022
Najm A.S.; Naeem H.S.; Alabboodi K.O.; Hasbullah S.A.; Hasan H.A.; Holi A.M.; AL-Zahrani A.A.; Sopian K.; Bais B.; Majdi H.S.; Sultan A.J.
Scientific Reports , Vol. 12 (1)
21 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20452322
Department of Electrical, Electronics and System, FKAB, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Al-Muthanna University, Al-Resala, Al-Muthanna, Samawah, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, 58002, Iraq; Imam Abdulrahman-Bin Fiasal University, Eastern Region, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
In this study, we aimed to increase the knowledge regarding the response mechanisms which were associated with the formation of CdS thin films. CdS thin film remains the most appealing alternative for many researchers, as it has been a capable buffer material for effect in film based polycrystalline solar cells (CdTe, CIGSe, CZTS). The Linker Assisted and Chemical Bath Deposition (LA-CBD) technique, which combines the Linker Assisted (LA) technique and the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for forming high quality CdS thin film, was presented as an efficient and novel hybrid sensitization technique. CdS films were bound to soda lime with the help of electrostatic forces, which led to the formation of the intermediate complexes [Cd (NH3)4]2+ that helped in the collision of these complexes with a soda lime slide. Salvia dye and as a linker molecule 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was used in the one step fabrication technique. Optical results showed that the bandgap varied in the range of (2.50 to 2.17) eV. Morphological properties showed a homogeneous distribution of the particles that aspherical in shape in the CdS + MPA + Salvia dye films. This technique significantly affected on the electrical characterizations of CdS films after the annealing process. The CdS + Ag + MPA + Salvia dye films showed the maximum carrier concentration and minimum resistivity, as 5.64 × 10 18 cm−3 and 0.83 Ω cm respectively. © 2022, The Author(s).
DOI Scopus
Nature Research | Art. 12521 | EID: 2-s2.0-85134540754

Risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticide residues in drinking water resources: Statistical and Monte-Carlo approach

2022
Wang G.; Li J.; Xue N.; Abdulkreem AL-Huqail A.; Majdi H.S.; Darvishmoghaddam E.; Assilzadeh H.; Khadimallah M.A.; Ali H.E.
Chemosphere , Vol. 307
20 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00456535
Hebei Agricultural University, BaoDing Hebei, 071000, China; Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; UCSI Graduate Business School, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Al-Kharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia; Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
A large part of the world's agricultural production, despite its adverse effects on human health and water resources, depends on the use of pesticides. Despite strict regulations, the use of pesticides continues around the world. This study aimed to determine the residual concentrations of malathion and diazinon in samples of drinking water resources. To achieve this goal, 384 samples from 8 various sites from January to December 2020 were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD) and liquid-liquid extraction technique. Besides, statistical analysis and a risk-modeling approach supported by an automatic Monte-Carlo procedure were applied. The results showed that there is a high carcinogenic risk regarding malathion and that the low age population is at the most non-carcinogenic risk regarding diazinon. © 2022
الكلمات المفتاحية: Diazinon Malathion Organophosphorus pesticides Probabilistic health risk assessment Uncertainty
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 135632 | EID: 2-s2.0-85135588311

Twisted-fin parametric study to enhance the solidification performance of phase-change material in a shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage system

2022
Bo L.; Mahdi J.M.; Rahbari A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Xin Y.; Yaïci W.; Talebizadehsardari P.
Journal of Computational Design and Engineering , Vol. 9 (6), pp. 2297-2313
19 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22884300
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710054, China; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Middlesex, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
Phase change material (PCM) is considered as one of the most effective thermal energy storage (TES) systems to balance energy supply and demand. A key challenge in designing efficient PCM-based TES systems lies in the enhancement of heat transmission during phase transition. This study numerically examines the privilege of employing twisted-fin arrays inside a shell-and-tube latent heat storage unit to improve the solidification performance. The presence of twisted fins contributes to the dominating role of heat conduction by their curved shapes, which restricts the role of natural convection but largely aids the overall heat-transfer process during solidification. The heat-discharge rate of twisted-fin configuration is increased by ∼14 and ∼55% compared to straight fin and no fin configurations—leading to a reduction in the solidification duration by ∼13 and ∼35%, respectively. The solidification front at various times has also been assessed through a detailed parametric study over the fin height, fin pitch number, and fin thickness. Over the range of values assumed, the fin height is the most dominant parameter – increasing the heat-retrieval rate from 10.0 to 11.4 W and decreasing the discharge time from above 3600 to 2880 s by varying the fin height from 2.5 to 7.5 mm. © The Author(s) 2022.
الكلمات المفتاحية: energy storage enhancement latent heat solidification twisted fins
DOI Scopus
Oxford University Press | EID: 2-s2.0-85145223587

Start-up and operation of novel EN-MBBR system for sidestreams treatment and sensitivity analysis modeling using GPS-X simulation

2022
Faris A.M.; Zwain H.M.; Hosseinzadeh M.; Majdi H.S.; Siadatmousavi S.M.
Alexandria Engineering Journal , Vol. 61 (12), pp. 10805-10818
18 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 11100168
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Narmak, 1684613114, Iran; Kerbala Sewerage Directorate, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq; College of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province 51001, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Worldwide, most treatment systems are retuning sidestreams to the wastewater treatment plant head without treatment. This study established an innovative process to separately treat all sidestream lines (supernatant gravity thickener, underflow mechanical thickener, and centrate) away from plant mainstream and return treated sidestream effluents to plant wastewater outfall instead of wastewater head. It aims to start up and operate a novel EN-MBBR to eliminate sidestreams impacts on a full-scale A2/O sewage treatment plant. The effects of DO, RAS, and media portion on the reactor were modeled using GPS-X. The system successfully started and reached a steady-state in 28 days. The pilot system processed 30 m3/d of the sidestreams, and the average of 8 months effluent concentrations for COD, BOD, TSS, PO4, NH4, NO2, NO3, H2S were 55, 4, 11, 0.16, 0.2, 0.17, 100, and 0.11 mg/L, respectively. Adding 3 kg/day of calcium hydroxide contributed to improving the nitrification process and reducing phosphates from 40 mg/L to 0.16 mg/L, but it caused an initial shock to the system that lasted more than a week, and then it was stabilized. Modeling results showed that DO concentrations affected the nitrification process but stabilized at a concentration of 3 mg/L. When operating the EN-MBBR as an EN-IFAS system, the RAS has positively contributed to reducing sludge in this system, whereas the sludge proportion is reduced by 60%. The media portion had a significant effect on the removal of nutrients, as it gave the best results when the rate of reactor filling with carriers was between 40 and 50%. © 2022 THE AUTHORS
الكلمات المفتاحية: EN-MBBR GPS-X Modeling Sidestream lines Start-up process
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | EID: 2-s2.0-85129545055

Assessment in carbon-based layered double hydroxides for water and wastewater: Application of artificial intelligence and recent progress

2022
Wang G.; Su W.; Hu B.; AL-Huqail A.; Majdi H.S.; Algethami J.S.; Jiang Y.; Ali H.E.
Chemosphere , Vol. 308
16 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 00456535
Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, BaoDing, 071000, China; China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, BeiJing, 100038, China; Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China; Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, P.O. Box, 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of clays with brucite like layers and intercalated anions. Hybrids of carbon nanomaterials and layered double hydroxides (C-LDHs) are promising nanomaterials due to their versatile properties and the large number of composition/preparation variables available for fine-tuning. Several techniques are available for the synthesis of these novel C-LDHs nanocomposites. This article assess developments in the synthesis and applications of C-LDHs in water and wastewater treatment via using artificial intelligence approaches. In addition, current challenges and possible strategies are discussed from the viewpoint of synthesis and application. It is concluded that the use of C-LDH is expected to produce interesting results. The anisotropic properties and good dispersion ability make them suitable to be used as particulates in the dispersion phase of electro-responsive and electro-rheological fluids. Although these materials have been tested for the removal of contaminants from single component solutions in water. In addition, application of artificial intelligence in this regard is discussed. At the end, the necessity of evaluating their performance in the removal of contaminants from multi-components solutions is proposed. Finally the challenges in obtaining material with precisely controlled particle sizes and morphology must be addressed. © 2022
الكلمات المفتاحية: Artificial intelligence Carbon nanomaterials Layered double hydroxides Synthesis Wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 136303 | EID: 2-s2.0-85138144737

Ethanol Separation from an Ethanol–Water Solution Using Vacuum Membrane Distillation

2022
Nassif A.G.; Ibrahim S.S.; Majdi H.S.; Alsalhy Q.F.
Membranes , Vol. 12 (8)
16 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
The vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process was applied to separate ethanol from a simulated ethanol–water solution using a commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. The presence of ethanol in the ethanol–water solution with a 2 wt.% ethanol concentration at a temperature above 40 °C during the MD process may result in membrane failure due to an increase in the chance of the PTFE membrane wetting at high temperatures. Therefore, the operating temperature in this study was not higher than 35 °C, with an initial ethanol concentration up to 10 wt.%. This work focuses on optimizing the VMD operating parameters using the Taguchi technique based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found that the feed temperature was the most-affected parameter, leading to a significant increase in the permeation flux of the PTFE membrane. Our results also showed that the permeate flux was reported at about 24.145 kg/m2·h, with a separation factor of 8.6 of the permeate under the operating conditions of 2 wt.%, 30 °C, 60 mm Hg(abs), and 0.6 L/min feed (concentration, temperature, permeate vacuum pressure, and flow rate, respectively). The initial feed concentration, vacuum pressure, and feed flow rate have a lower impact on the permeation flux. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: optimization PTEF membrane separation ethanol-water solution vacuum membrane distillation
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 807 | EID: 2-s2.0-85137599310

Experimental investigation on the impact of tube bundle designs on heat transfer coefficient in gas-solid fluidized bed reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

2022
Hasan Z.W.; Sultan A.J.; Sabri L.S.; Ali J.M.; Salih H.G.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Dahhan M.H.
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer , Vol. 136
16 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 07351933
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T), Rolla, MO, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Technology Development Cell, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco
The impact of vertical heat exchanging tube bundle on heat transfer coefficient (HTC) has been investigated locally and instantaneously using a sophisticate heat transfer technique using glass beads solid particles of 210 μm average size and 2500 kg/m3 solid density (Geldart B particles), with a static bed height of 0.35 m as bed material. A mimicked Fischer-Tropsch fluidized bed with vertical heat exchanging tubes is designed and built in this study. Heat transfer performance is also investigated by using two different tubes arrangement (square-pitch and triangular-pitch tubes arrangement). To represent the heat exchanging tubes used in the Fischer–Tropsch process, stainless-steel heat exchanging tubes inserted vertically, each with a diameter of 0.012 m, were used in each tubes arrangement occupying 25% of the column cross-section area. The experiments were performed in a 0.13 m inner diameter Plexiglas fluidized bed reactor with varied gas flowrates (0.2–0.48) m/s at numerous radial positions along the diameter of the column (±0.58, ±0.33, and ± 0.03) and two axial locations (H/D = 1.153 and 1.923). It was found that HTCs significantly enhance with increasing the gas flowrates for all radial positions for square-pitch tubes arrangement. While different behavior can be noticed in the radial positions with triangular-pitch tube arrangement, especially near the wall region (±0.33). Also, the local heat transfer coefficient (LHTC) improved with increasing the axial positions by 12.06% at highest gas flowrates (0.48 m/s). Moreover, the square-pitch tubes arrangement showed a significant increase and uniformity in HTC when measured instantaneously comparing with other tubes arrangement. Furthermore, the findings of this study will improve awareness of vertical tubes' effect on heat transfer in a fluidized bed reactor. Moreover, the data acquired from this investigation can be employed to validate reactor models, CFD codes, and simulations in order to support the design and scale-up processes of such reactors. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Advanced heat transfer technique Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Gas-solid fluidized bed Local heat transfer coefficient Tubes arrangement Vertical heat exchanging tubes
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 106169 | EID: 2-s2.0-85131966030

Reaction Kinetics of Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation over Pt/SiO2: Comparison between Bulk and Intraparticle Diffusion Models

2022
Al-Shathr A.; Shakor Z.M.; Al-Zaidi B.Y.; Majdi H.S.; Abdulrazak A.A.; Aal-Kaeb S.; Shohib A.A.; McGregor J.
International Journal of Chemical Engineering , Vol. 2022
16 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 1687806X
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Oil Refinery Department, AlMustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq; Engineering College, Misan University, Misan, Iraq; University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
The liquid-phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over a Pt/SiO2 catalyst was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were conducted in a 300 cm3 stainless steel stirred batch reactor supplied with hydrogen gas and ethanol as a solvent. Five Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models were investigated to fit the experimental data. The predictions from the bulk model were compared with predictions from the intraparticle diffusion model. Competitive and non-competitive mechanisms were applied to produce the main intermediate compound, cinnamyl alcohol. Reaction rate parameters for the different reaction steps were calculated by comparing between the experimental and mathematical models. All rate data utilized in the present study were obtained in the kinetic regime. The kinetic parameters were obtained by applying a nonlinear dynamic optimization algorithm. Nevertheless, the comparison between the methodology of the present model and these five models indicated that the non-competitive mechanism is more acceptable and identical with the single-site Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model including mass transfer effects and it mimicked the reactant behavior better than the other models. In addition, the observed mean absolute error (MAE) for the non-competitive mechanism of the present model was 2.3022 mol/m3; however, the MAE for the competitive mechanism was 2.8233 mol/m3, which is an increase of approximately 18%. The prediction of the intraparticle diffusion model was found to be very close to that of the bulk model owing to the use of a catalyst with a very small particle size (<40 microns). Employing a commercial 5% Pt/SiO2 catalyst showed a result consistent with previous research using different catalysts, with an activation energy of ≈24 kJ/mol. © 2022 Ali Al-Shathr et al.
DOI Scopus
Hindawi Limited | Art. 8303874 | EID: 2-s2.0-85134504481

Nanomagnetic macrocyclic Schiff-base-Mn(ii) complex: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for click approach synthesis of novel β-substitued-1,2,3-triazoles

2022
Jasim S.A.; Riadi Y.; Majdi H.S.; Altimari U.S.
RSC Advances , Vol. 12 (28), pp. 17905-17918
14 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20462069
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
In the present work, a novel symmetrical 15-membered macrocyclic Schiff base complex of manganese was prepared using the reaction of the synthetic 2,6-diacetylpyridine functionalized Fe3O4 MNPs with 2,2-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)dianiline and Mn(ii) bromide salt via a template approach. The resulting [Fe3O4@PAM-Schiff-base-Mn][ClO4] heterogenized complex was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, BET, TGA, EDX, Xray-mapping, SEM, TEM and VSM analysis. To demonstrate proof of concept, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles was selected to evaluate the activity and reusability of the catalyst. The ethanol as a green solvent proved to be an excellent reaction medium for this synthesis. Yields of up to 100% were obtained in some cases. Significantly, as demonstrated, [Fe3O4@PAM-Schiff-base-Mn][ClO4] catalyst was recycled for 8 cycles without losing catalytic activity under the optimized reaction conditions. The hot filtration and ICP-OES tests ratified that there was no leaching of metal during the catalytic reaction, indicating the heterogeneous manner of the catalyst. © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry
DOI Scopus
Royal Society of Chemistry | EID: 2-s2.0-85133270029

CFD analysis of phase-change material-based heat storage with dimple-shaped fins: evaluation of fin configuration and distribution pattern

2022
Ben Khedher N.; Mahdi J.M.; Majdi H.S.; Khosravi K.; Al-Azzawi W.K.; Al-Qrimli F.A.; Dhahbi S.; Talebizadehsardari P.
Journal of Computational Design and Engineering , Vol. 9 (5), pp. 2055-2072
12 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22884300
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440 Ha’il City, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Thermal and Energetic Systems Studies (LESTE), The National School of Engineering of Monastir, University of Monastir, 50000, Tunisia; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Thermo-fluids Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; College of Engineering, Uruk University, Baghdad, 10069, Iraq; Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Art at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Muhayil Aseer, 62529, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
Phase-change materials (PCMs) have a remarkable potential for use as efficient energy storage means. However, their poor response rates during energy storage and retrieval modes require the use of heat transfer enhancers to combat these limitations. This research marks the first attempt to explore the potential of dimple-shaped fins for the enhancement of PCM thermal response in a shell-and-tube casing. Fin arrays with different dimensions and diverse distribution patterns were designed and studied to assess the effect of modifying the fin geometric parameters and distribution patterns in various spatial zones of the physical domain. The results indicate that increasing the number of dimple fins in the range of 8–32 results in faster heat storage rates by up to 8.7% faster than they would be without the dimple fins. Further improvements of approximately 1.4, 1.2, 1.1, and 1.0% can be obtained by optimizing the position of the first fin section, the spacing between other fin sections, the fin spacing based on the aromatic algorithm, and the use of the staggered fin distribution. The heat storage rate is improved by almost 12% for the best case compared with that of the no-fin case. © The Author(s) 2022.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Dimple fins Energy efficiency Heat storage Shell-and-tube Thermal enhancement
DOI Scopus
Oxford University Press | EID: 2-s2.0-85143486651

Retraction:Estimation of Thermomechanical Fatigue Lifetime of Ball Grid Solder Joints in Electronic Devices Using a Machine Learning Approach

2022
Chen T.-C.; Opulencia M.J.C.; Majdi H.S.; Hammid A.T.; Sharma H.; Sajjadifar S.; Surendar A.
Journal of Electronic Materials , Vol. 51 (7), pp. 3495-3503
10 استشهاد Retracted English ISSN: 03615235
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan; College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq; Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura, India; Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran; Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
Rapid and accurate reliability assessment of electronic devices is a key issue in device design. In this work, a machine learning algorithm was developed to estimate the fatigue lifetime of ball grid solder joints under thermomechanical loading cycles. Using this novel approach, an extremely quick estimation of the thermomechanical fatigue lifetime of the ball grid solder joints was achieved. Several finite element simulations were performed to investigate the creep behavior of the solder joints under different thermal loading conditions. The collected data were then inserted into the proposed machine learning algorithm. The results demonstrated that the model can accurately predict the lifetime of the ball grid solder joints in the shortest possible time. It was also revealed that thermal cycling specifications play a crucial role in interconnection failure. The effects of the solder chemical composition and the volume on the activation of the fatigue and creep damage in the solder joints were determined, which make this novel approach attractive for reliability assessment in the preliminary stage of system design. © 2022, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
الكلمات المفتاحية: damage fatigue machine learning solder joint Thermomechanical fatigue
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-85128939619

Managing Transport Processes in Thermal Cracking to Produce High-Quality Fuel from Extra-Heavy Waste Crude Oil Using a Semi-Batch Reactor

2022
Almukhtar R.; Hammoodi S.I.; Majdi H.S.; Sukkar K.A.
Processes , Vol. 10 (10)
10 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22279717
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Al-Sanna St., P.O. Box 19006, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Midland Oil Company, Ministry of Oil, P.O. Box 19244, Baghdad, 10081, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51015, Iraq
Soil pollution from waste crude oil in emergency pits is a major problem at petroleum industry sites. In this work, extra-heavy waste crude oil was recovered from emergency pits and underwent many pre-purification processes to remove water and impurities. This type of oil was subjected to thermal cracking reactions in a semi-batch reactor constructed from stainless steel, with a volume of 500 mL. The cracking reactions were tested at operating temperatures of 400, 425, and 450 °C, with operating pressures of 1, 3, 5, and 7 bar. The results indicated that during thermal cracking, the reaction mechanism was highly dependent on the heat and mass transfer processes that occurred in the reactor. It was noted that the interaction between the optimal reaction temperature and operating pressure enhanced the product distribution and formation of high-quality liquid fuel with low gaseous and coke formations. The highest API of 30.5 was achieved for the liquid product at an operating temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 3 bar. Additionally, an evaluation of the thermal cracking mechanism found that the transport processes that occurred in the reactor were the chief factor in providing a high-performance thermal cracking process. © 2022 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: emergency pits light fuel production mass transfer reaction mechanism soil pollution transport phenomena
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 2077 | EID: 2-s2.0-85140825504

Modeling and optimization of process parametric interaction during high-rate anaerobic digestion of recycled paper mill wastewater using the response surface methodology

2022
Zwain H.M.; Barghash H.; Vakili M.; Majdi H.Sh.; Dahlan I.
Water Reuse , Vol. 12 (1), pp. 78-91
10 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 27096092
College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Engineering, German University of Technology in Oman, Halban, Oman; Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Penang, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Malaysia; Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Engineering Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Penang, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Malaysia
This study carried out the anaerobic digestion of recycled paper mill wastewater (RPMW) in a high-rate novel anaerobic baffled reactor. The parametric interaction between influent chemical oxygen demand (CODin) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was modeled, and process responses were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using a three-level factorial design. The results showed that the optimal condition was determined at CODin of 4,000 mg/L and HRT of 2 days and predicted values for COD removal, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal, lignin removal, CH4 content, and CH4 production were found to be 94%, 98%, 68%, 85%, and 20.8 L CH4/d, respectively. According to the statistical analysis of the RSM, all models were significant with very low probability values (from 0.0045 to <0.0001). The parametric interaction showed that increasing the CODin positively influenced the COD, BOD, and lignin removal efficiencies, effluent alkalinity, and methane content and production but was unfavorable for pH and effluent volatile fatty acid (VFA). Shortening the HRT nega-tively affected the COD, BOD, and lignin removal efficiencies, pH level, alkalinity, and methane content and production, and increased the VFA effluent concentration. The optimal conditions were established at 4,000 mg/L COD and HRT of 2 days, corresponding to the predicted COD, BOD, and lignin removal efficiencies of 91, 98, and 71%, respectively, whereas 28 mg/L of VFA and 0.125 L of CH4/g CODremoved were generated. © 2022 The Authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: anaerobic digestion (AD) high-rate novel anaerobic baffled reactor (HR-NABR) modeling optimization recycled paper mill wastewater (RPMW) response surface methodology
DOI Scopus
IWA Publishing | EID: 2-s2.0-85124709835

Sustainable Modification of Polyethersulfone Membrane with Poly(Maleic Anhydride-Co-Glycerol) as Novel Copolymer

2022
Hachim Z.S.A.; Ridha A.M.; Al-Baiati M.N.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Majdi H.S.
Water (Switzerland) , Vol. 14 (8)
9 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734441
Engineering Technical College-Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, Holly Kerbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal College University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This work presented an endeavour to fabricate sustainable and eco-friendly polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. A novel and graft copolymer (Poly(Maleic Anhydride-Co-Glycerol)) (PMG) have been synthesized via a facile and rapid route to impart their hydrophilic features onto the final PES membrane. A series of characterization tools, for both nanoadditives and nanocomposite membranes, have been harnessed to confirm their successful fabrication processes. These include Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements (CA). Results disclosed the successful synthesis of PMG nanoparticles that manifested a smooth homogenous surface with an average molecular size of 88.07 nm. The nanocomposite membrane structure has witnessed a gradual development upon each increment in the nanoparticle content ratio along with relatively thicker pore walls. The size and shape of figure-like micropores exhibited critical visible structural changes following the nanoadditive incorporation into the PES polymeric matrix. For the nanocomposite membrane, the SEM imaging indicated that a thicker active layer and less finger-like micropores were formed at higher PMG NP content within the membrane matrix. Hydrophilicity measurements disclosed a reversible correlation with the NP content where the CA angle value was at a minimum at the higher PMG loading content. Compared to the pristine membrane, a considerable enhancement in the performance of the modified membranes was witnessed. The membrane prepared using 2.5 g PMGNPs showcased six times higher pure water flux than neat PES membrane and maintained the highest retention (98%) against BSA protein solution. Additionally, the nanocomposite revealed promising antifouling and self-cleaning characteristics. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bovine serum albumin fouling membrane modification Poly(Maleic Anhydride-Co-Glycerol) polyethersulfone
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1207 | EID: 2-s2.0-85128829150

Study of the Impact of Tube Configurations on the Local Heat Transfer Coefficient in Mimicked Fischer-Tropsch Bubble Column Reactor

2022
Alzamily A.N.; Sultan A.J.; Abdulrahman A.A.; Majdi H.Sh.
Processes , Vol. 10 (5)
9 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22279717
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Multiphase Flow and Reactor Engineering, Applications and Education Laboratory (mFReael), Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, 65409, MO, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
An experimental investigation was conducted to examine, for the first time, the influences of using different designs of tube arrangements on the local heat transfer coefficient (LHTC) in a bubble column (with a diameter of 0.13 m) equipped densely with a bundle of tubes. The effect of using two different designs of tube arrangements has been examined for a broad range of gas flow rates using a sophisticated heat transfer technique. The obtained results indicate that the LHTC increases significantly with increasing the gas velocity, regardless of the design and installation of the tubes in the column. Additionally, the shape of the LHTC’s profiles alters considerably by the presence of a bundle of tubes and their arrangements. Moreover, the results indicate that the square tube pitch arrangement provides uniform heat transfer profiles, which enhance the performance of the bubble column reactor by 30%. Furthermore, the heat transfer profiles were found to be varied with the axial height of the column. The new experimental results obtained in this investigation will provide experimental reference data for creating and validating a mathematical model for predicting LHTCs. In addition, this will facilitate this kind of reactor’s design, scale-up, and operation. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bubble column bundle of heat exchanging tubes Fischer-Tropsch process heat transfer coefficient sophisticated heat transfer technique tube configurations
DOI Scopus
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | Art. 976 | EID: 2-s2.0-85130686825

The influence of annular lobe-injector on the fuel mixing of hydrogen jet at supersonic combustion chamber

2022
Zhang J.; Alawee W.H.; Majdi H.S.; Wang F.; Nofal T.A.; Musa A.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Vol. 47 (52), pp. 22215-22225
8 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03603199
Guangdong ATV Academy for Performing Arts, Dongguan, 523710, China; School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mathematic, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Aflaj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 11912, Saudi Arabia
The performance of the engine highly depends on the fuel mixing process as a significant process to achieve efficient supersonic flight. Current article has attempted to release the effects of different annular lobe-injectors on fuel mixing when Ma>1. Three various annular jet nozzles are expansively investigated for injection of the sonic hydrogen jet at supersonic air crossflow with Mach-4. Comprehensive comparison of the jet structure of these models are performed through the evaluation of Mach and fuel concentration downstream of these lobe-injectors. Comparison of mixing efficiency also indicates that the nozzle with 3-lobe configuration has 25% more fuel mixing performance than other configurations. Our findings also show that mixing performance of annular lobe-injector is about 15% more than simple one for cases with 2-lobe and 4-lobe injectors. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
الكلمات المفتاحية: Annular jet CFD Compressible flow Fuel mixing Lobe-injector Supersonic combustion
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85131927264

Thermal behavior and phase transition of the aminostaldehyde as the wall and bromohexadecane as a phase change material enriched via gold nanoparticles: Molecular dynamics study

2022
Xu L.; Zhang Y.; Li J.; Zhang L.; Yuan Z.; Majdi H.S.; Hekmatifar M.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 55
8 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Engineering Research Center of Renewable Energy Power Generation and Grid-connected Control, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
This paper is examined the thermal conductivity (TC) of phase change material (PCM) composite microcapsules with gold nanoparticles (NPs) using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). These microcapsules are made with aminostaldehyde (C2H5NO) as the wall and bromohexadecane (BrC16) as the PCM. First, the physical equilibrium in simulated samples is examined by the change in the temperature and potential energy of atomic samples. Then, the TC of samples in the presence of external heat flux (HF) and a magnetic field (MF) is examined. The parameters of HF, TC, and viscosity of the simulated samples are investigated to study the thermal behavior. The results show that increasing the external HF from 0.1 to 0.5 W/m2 increases the simulated sample's HF and TC. Also, the viscosity of the simulated sample decreases with increasing HF from 0.0092 to 0.0085 Pa.s. On the other hand, the HF and TC values are increased by increasing the amplitude of the external MF from 0.1 to 0.5 T. Also, the viscosity increases with the MF amplitude to 0.00098 Pa.s. Finally, by enhancing the frequency of the external MF from 0.01 to 0.05 fs−1, the values of HF and TC decrease. Also, increasing the MF frequency reduces the viscosity in the simulated samples up to 0.00088 Pa.s. © 2022
الكلمات المفتاحية: Microcapsules Molecular dynamics simulation Nanoparticles Thermal behavior
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 105482 | EID: 2-s2.0-85135925337

Experimental Investigation and Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation of Hydrodynamics of Liquid–Solid Fluidized Beds

2022
Abdulrahman A.A.; Mahdy O.S.; Sabri L.S.; Sultan A.J.; Al-Naseri H.; Hasan Z.W.; Majdi H.S.; Ali J.M.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 6 (3)
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Multiphase Flow and Reactors Engineering and Application Laboratory (mReal), Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, 65409, MO, United States; Chemical Engineering Department, Tikrit University, Tikrit, MMH4+876, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
The present study provides and examines an experimental and CFD simulation to predict and accurately quantify the individual phase holdup. The experimental findings demonstrated that the increase of solid beads has a significant influence on the (Umf), as comparatively small glass beads particles require a low (Umf) value, which tends to increase as the diameter of the beads increases. Besides that, the expansion ratio is proportional to the velocity of the liquid. Even though, the relationship becomes inversely proportional to the diameter of the beads. The liquid holdup was found to increase with increasing liquid velocity, however, the solid holdup decreased. The Eulerian– Eulerian granular multiphase flow technique was used to predict the overall performance of the liquid–solid fluidized beds (LSFBs). There was a good agreement between the experimental results and the dynamic properties of liquid–solid flows obtained from the CFD simulation, which will facilitate future simulation studies of liquid–solid fluidized beds. This work has further improved the understanding and knowledge of CFD simulation of such a system at different parameters. Furthermore, understanding the hydrodynamics features within the two-phase fluidization bed, as well as knowing the specific features, is essential for good system design, enabling the systems to perform more effectively. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD simulation phase holdups pressure drop two-phase fluidization
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 37 | EID: 2-s2.0-85130368295

Optimization of Graphene Oxide Mixed Matrix Membrane for AB-210 Dye Removal

2022
Al-Sultan A.A.; Kadhim R.J.; Al-Emami O.H.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Majdi H.S.
Journal of Ecological Engineering , Vol. 23 (9), pp. 115-127
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22998993
Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Str. 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Str. 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This research aimed to find the best-operating conditions for incorporating the GO material into PES/GO membranes for the NF applications. Organic dye molecules may foul GO-NP/PES membranes. The improved model aimed to reduce the energy lost while maintaining a high system discharge throughout the treatment process in order to face the technical problems that the membranes are exposed to. To create a particular amount of flux above the intended values, an optimization approach was used to find the optimal values for several important parameters in the process. To enhance the process effectiveness on a broader scale, mathematical and statistical studies, such as response surface methodology and statistical analysis of the parameters (ANOVA), were applied. The impact of operational factors, like the pH values of the dye feeding (3-11), GO weight content (0-2 wt.%), dye concentration (10-100 ppm) of AB-210, and the interfaces for these factors with the PES/GO membrane permeability was examined. The PES membrane had the best performance, with a result of 131.2338 L m2 h1 •bar'-1. The pH did not influence the AB-210 dye reaction, and the Pareto chart of the standardized effects on dye permeation flux using statistical comparison at the 5% significance level supports these findings. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: dyes graphene oxide industrial wastewater membrane nano filtration optimization
DOI Scopus
Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE) | EID: 2-s2.0-85134767343

Solution combustion synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles for excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

2022
Jasim S.A.; Machek P.; Abdelbasset W.K.; Jarosova M.; Majdi H.S.; Khalaji A.D.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , Vol. 128 (6)
7 استشهاد Retracted Open Access English ISSN: 09478396
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq; Institute of Physic of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, P.O. Box. 155, Gorgān, Iran
In this paper, the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) accompanied with calcination at 500 and 600 °C (Ce1 and Ce-2) was used for the synthesis of cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles as a facile and low-cost method using Ce(NO3)3∙6H2O as cerium precursor and salicylic acid as oxidizer and fuel. CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, VSM, XRD, EDS, BET and TEM. The FT-IR and XRD results confirmed the pure and single crystalline phase of CeO2 nanoparticles. The UV–Vis spectra of CeO2 nanoparticles predicted a narrow and uniform particle size distribution due to a strong band that appeared at ≈ 244 nm. The ferromagnetic nature of the as-prepared CeO2 nanoparticles was proved by VSM. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation was investigated and at optimum conditions, the MB removal percentage reaches 93 and 96% for Ce-1 and Ce-2, respectively. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles Ferromagnetic Methylene blue Photocatalytic degradation Solution combustion
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | Art. 475 | EID: 2-s2.0-85129885649

Advanced computational study of different boron nitride-based nanospheres for removal of organic contaminants from wastewater system

2022
Feng L.; Zhong K.; Majdi H.S.; Aallaei M.; Andreevna Rushchitc A.
Journal of Molecular Liquids , Vol. 362
7 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 01677322
School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of chemistry, Kerman, Iran; Department of Catering Technology and Organization, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
In the present work the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater was studied using a computational simulation method. Two nanospherical porous boron nitride (BN) materials namely, B16N16 and B12N12, were selected as adsorbent and the removal mechanism and adsorption ability of pure and glycine functionalized boron nitride adsorbents (B16N16(Glycine)2/B12N12(Glycine)2) were comprehensively evaluated in removal of two different emerging contaminants. The sigma profile (or charge density) study along with the quantum chemical calculations (using Materials Studio software) were obtained and discussed to predict the contaminant removal process. In particular, the adsorption ability and possible changes in the spectroscopic and electronic properties (Frontier molecular orbital, energy gap (ΔEGAP), chemical softness (σ), hardness (η)) of the pure and functionalized BN adsorbents before and after adsorption processes were studied. It was found that both functionalized adsorbents (B16N16(Glycine)2 and B12N12(Glycine)2) had higher adsorption ability. Moreover, according to the quantum chemical calculations B16N16(Glycine)2 adsorbent showed higher chemical reactivity and adsorption ability compare to other studied adsorbents due to the formation of cage interactions between pollutants and amino acid glycine of BN. According to the outcomes, Functionalization of the nanospherical boron nitride materials with glycine led to improvement in the pollutants adsorption affinity. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption process Amino acid functionalized Nanospherical boron nitride materials Simulation Wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 119740 | EID: 2-s2.0-85133916930

A Detailed Hydrodynamic Study of the Split-Plate Airlift Reactor by Using Non-Invasive Gamma-Ray Techniques

2022
Sabri L.S.; Sultan A.J.; Majdi H.S.; Jebur S.K.; Al-Dahhan M.H.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 6 (1)
7 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Multiphase Flow and Reactors Engineering and Application Laboratory (mReal), Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, 65409, MO, United States; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Babylon, 10066, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
This study focused on detailed investigations of selected local hydrodynamics in split airlift reactor by using an unconventional measurements facility: computed tomography (CT) and radioactive particle tracking (RPT). The local distribution in a cross-sectional manner with its radial’s profiles for gas holdup, liquid velocity flow field, shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy were studied under various gas velocity 1, 2 and 3 cm/s with various six axial level z = 12, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 112 cm. The distribution in gas–liquid phases in the whole split reactor column, the riser and downcomer sides, including their behavior at the top and bottom sections of the split plate was also described. The outcomes of this study displayed an exemplary gas–liquid phases dispersion approximately in all reactor’s zones and had large magnitude over the ring of the sparger as well as upper the split plate. Furthermore, the outcomes pointed out that the distribution of this flow may significantly impacts the performance of the split reactor, which may have essential influence on its performance particularly for microorganisms culturing applications. These outcomes are dependable as benchmark information to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and other models. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Hydrodynamics parameters Non-invasive gamma-ray techniques Split-plate airlift reactor
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 18 | EID: 2-s2.0-85124521257

Mechanical behavior of Pt-graphene porous biocompatible nanocomposites prepared by powder metallurgy using molecular dynamics simulation

2022
Zhang Y.; Hooman M.; Patra I.; Anil Kumar T.C.; Majdi H.S.; Izzat S.E.; Sivaraman R.; Toghraie D.; Hekmatifar M.; Sabetvand R.
Journal of Molecular Liquids , Vol. 360
6 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 01677322
College of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Research Center for Basic Hydraulic Components and Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering of Major Equipment, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Lyle School of Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States; An Independent Researcher, PhD from NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, India; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras, Chennai, Arumbakkam, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran; Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Faculty of Condensed Matter Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
In the present study, the mechanical behavior of Pt-graphene nanocomposites has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Preparation of Pt-graphene nanocomposite was performed by powder metallurgy method. Adding porosity to these structures reduces the weight of the manufactured specimens and ultimately increases the usability of this specimen in various industrial and medical applications. Therefore, in this study, factors such as the number of graphene nanosheets, graphene atomic ratio, and porosity on the mechanical behavior of platinum-graphene (Pt-graphene) nanocomposites have been investigated. The results show that the mechanical strength of the sample is improved by increasing the number of nanosheets in the Pt structure. By increasing the number of graphene nanosheets from 10 to 20, YM and final structure strength increase from 1099 MPa and 116 MPa to 1231 MPa and 130 MPa, respectively. By adding 4% of graphene nanosheets to nanocomposites, the amount of Young's modulus (YM) and ultimate strength (US) is reduced from the maximum value (1396 MPa and 143 MPa) to 1044 MPa and 110 MPa, due to the effects of aggregation. Also, increasing the atomic ratio of graphene from 1 to 5 % leads to an increase in YM from 1099 to 1396 MPa and an increase in US from 116 to 147 MPa. On the other hand, increasing the porosity (from 1 to 5 %) leads to a decrease in YM to 969 MPa and the nanocomposite US to 102 MPa, respectively. Finally, by performing this simulation and studying the mechanical behavior of this nanocomposite, it is expected that optimal mechanical systems can be designed for use in medical purposes. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Mechanical behavior Molecular dynamics simulation Nanocomposites Powder metallurgy
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 119450 | EID: 2-s2.0-85131402510

Dissolved Oxygen Variation on the Steps with a Quarter Circle End Sill for Flows over the Stepped Spillways

2022
Jahad U.A.; Al-Ameri R.; Chabuk A.; Majdi A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Al-Ansari N.; Laue J.
International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics , Vol. 17 (5), pp. 639-648
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17557437
Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, 3220, VIC, Australia; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, SE-971 87, Sweden
Determining the aeration efficiency of the stepped spillways is important because the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration helps indicate the water quality. This study investigated the effects of varying step shape and chute slope on the aeration efficiency for stepped spillways. The measured parameters were DO, the inception point of the free surface, and the water surface profile above the crest to evaluate the geometry variation impacts. Several experiments were conducted on a six-step configuration over a stepped spillway with chute angle (θ = 26.6°, 21.8°, and 8.9°). The discharges up to 0.055 m3/s. The step configurations were including flat step, normal end sill, and quarter circle end sill. The results showed when the chute angle changed from 26.6°to 8.9°, the aeration efficiency of E20 improved with 11.51% at the lowest discharge and 6.05% at the highest discharge for the flat step model with 10 steps. Also, E20 improved 11.39% at the lowest discharge and 6.50% at the highest discharge for the flat step model with 6 steps. The performance of the steps with the quarter circle end sill model in terms of aeration efficiency increased by 10%. © 2022 WITPress. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: dissolved flow oxygen spillway stepped
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85143141423

Investigating the effect of TiO2-based nanofluids in the stability of crude oil flow: parametric analysis and Gaussian process regression modeling

2022
Shnain Z.Y.; Mageed A.K.; Majdi H.S.; Mohammadi M.; AbdulRazak A.A.; Abid M.F.
Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology , Vol. 12 (9), pp. 2429-2439
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21900558
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Energy Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran; Chemical Engineering and Oil Refinery Department, AlMustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
Study has shown that the precipitation of asphaltenes could be the most detrimental mechanism that significantly influences well productivity during crude oil processing. The flow of the crude oil could seriously be affected if the effect of the asphaltenes is not inhibited. This study aims to investigate the effect of TiO2-based nanofluid in stabilizing crude oil flow. The effect of the ratio of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite in the organic nanofluid, the salinity of the nanofluid, and pH on the amount of organic solvent (n-heptane) added to stabilize the crude oil flow was investigated using Gaussian Process Progression (GPR) with five kernel functions [exponential square kernel (model 1), rotational quadratic (model 2), Matern 5/2 (model 3), exponential (model 4), and non-isotopic rotational quadratic (model 5)]. The GPR using the various kernel function had good modeling of the relationship between the ratio of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite in the organic nanofluid, the salinity of the nanofluid, the pH, and the amount of organic solvent (n-heptane) added to stabilize the crude oil flow. This is evidence from the R2 of 0.820, 0.999, 0.999, 0.999, 0.999 for model 1, model 2, model 3, model 4, and model 5, respectively. Each of the models had low prediction errors as indicated by the MSE, RMSE, and MAE. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the ratio of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite in the organic nanofluid had the most significant influence on the amount of n-heptane added to stabilize the crude oil. © 2022, The Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Asphaltene Crude oil stability Gaussian process regression Nanocomposite Nanofluid
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-85125227431

Removal of heavy metals using food industry waste as a cheap adsorbent

2022
Mahmudiono T.; Bokov D.; Widjaja G.; Konstantinov I.S.; Setiyawan K.; Abdelbasset W.K.; Majdi H.Sh.; Kadhim M.M.; Kareem H.A.; Bansal K.
Food Science and Technology (Brazil) , Vol. 42
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 01012061
Departemen of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation; Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Law, Universitas Krisnadwipayana, Jakarta, Indonesia; Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; College of technical engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Management, GLA University, Mathura, India
Due to the high capacity of food factories, a lot of waste is generated. Due to the presence of nutrients in them can increase pollution in the sewerage network and cause environmental problems. To animal feed, grain waste can be used to produce fertilizer, compost, fuel, soil cover, etc. The natural pigment lycopene, thickeners, proteins, etc., can be produced from the seeds and skin of the tomato paste factory waste. In the present paper, soybean oil residue was used to remove cadmium, zinc, and lead ions from aqueous solutions. Discontinuous experiments to investigate the effect of initial concentration (100-300 ppm), solution pH (1-5), contact time (1-60 min), adsorbent amount (0.02-2 g) on the uptake of cadmium, zinc, and lead ions by soybean oil residues. The results showed that with increasing the pH, the value of the contact time, the amount of adsorbent, and the adsorption rate increases with increasing the initial concentration of metal ions, the adsorption rate decreases. According to the results, the best pH for adsorption of metal ions is about 3-5, and the equilibrium time for cadmium ions is 40 minutes, for zinc ions is 20 minutes, and for lead, the ion is 10 minutes. © 2022, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: absorbents adsorption food industry waste heavy metals soybean oil waste
DOI Scopus
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA | Art. e111721 | EID: 2-s2.0-85129762186

Simulation of heat release from phase change material with insert of fins and addition of nano-powders

2022
Wang J.; Majdi H.S.; Dhahad H.A.; Nofal T.A.; Alghawli A.S.; Xu P.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 52
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mathematic, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Computer Science, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia; School of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
In present work, numerical simulation for freezing of paraffin (RT28) and CuO nanoparticles were applied through a geometry containing radial fins. Three models for fins with same surface area were applied and container was full of NEPCM. The outer square wall was adiabatic and inner circular wall has constant cold temperature and fins were connected to this wall. Homogeneous formulations for NEPCM were utilized and buoyancy effect was considered in momentum equation. The data of solid fraction has been verified according to previous published numerical article and nice agreement was reported. To selected optimized number of nodes, the grid study has been presented and structure configuration of mesh has been applied. The treatment of NEPCM in view of temperature, solid fraction and irreversibility has been analyzed in results. The poorest configuration in view of time of procedure is third model. For the first model with elevate of time from 5 to 50 min, SF rises around 384.33% while frictional and thermal irreversibility declines around 199.1% and 159.89%, respectively. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Finite volume method Heat release Nanoparticle Paraffin Solidification
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 104680 | EID: 2-s2.0-85130370719

An innovated method to monitor the health condition of the thermoelectric cooling system using nanocomposite-based CNTs

2022
Al-Bahrani M.; Majdi H.S.; Abed A.M.; Cree A.
International Journal of Energy Research , Vol. 46 (6), pp. 7519-7528
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 0363907X
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom; Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Iraqi Ministry of Oil, Midland Refineries Company, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
Many crucial applications use the thermoelectric coolers (TECs) system because they have some desirable properties, including durability, reliability, simple structure, and quietness. However, the performance of TECs is sensitive to any form of change and needs to be monitored constantly to ensure that they are working at their optimal. This paper proposes a novel approach for condition monitoring. This novel approach, unlike other attempts, does not need additional sensors but is directly carried out through the exploitation of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) piezoresistive property. For the suggested approach, a polyurethane (PU) resin was altered using various MWCNTs concentrations with the aim of constructing self-sensing nanocomposites sensors whose electrical conductivity is high. To investigate the electrical properties and microstructure of the constructed sensor, electrical resistance measurement, and scanning electron microscopy were used. From the results, it can be concluded that as the thickness increased, conductivity exhibited a monotonic increase. The peak electrical conductivity was 2.55 S.cm−1 for the 3.1 mm-thick MWCNTs sensors. This is approximately 5.1 above that of the 0.6 mm-thick MWCNTs sensors. Added to this, the MWCNT/PU sensors exhibited a high-temperature sensitivity with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The normalised resistance obtained from the sensor with the uppermost MWCNTs concentration is lower in comparison to the sensors with lower concentrations of MWCNTs. Additionally, the TEC cooling temperature influence on the tunnelling distance between MWCNTs was analytically estimated. This study's numerical results indicate that there is a potential correlation between TEC cooling generated temperature and the variations noted in the tunnelling distance between MWCNTs with an explicit impact on the general nanocomposite sensors changes in electric resistance when the TEC system is in service. © 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Energy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: health monitoring MWCNTs Peltier effect self-sensing nanocomposite thermoelectric coolers (TECs)
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85123799797

Study of Gas Holdup Distribution in Cylindrical Split Airlift Reactor by Using Gamma-Ray Densitometry (GRD)

2022
Sultan A.J.; Sabri L.S.; Majdi H.S.; Jebur S.K.; Al-Dahhan M.H.
Processes , Vol. 10 (5)
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22279717
Multiphase Flow and Reactors Engineering and Application Laboratory (mReal), Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, 65409-1230, MO, United States; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51015, Iraq; Technology Development Cell, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco
The local gas holdup details and behaviors in the cylindrical split airlift column by using an unconventional gamma-ray densitometry (GRD) measurement in non-invasive manner technique was investigated for the first time in this work for such kind of airlift column. With different gas velocities, 1, 2, and 3 cm/s, at three various axial planes (different levels) in z = 3, 60, and 110 cm were studied for local distribution in radial gas holdup profiles. The distribution in gas–liquid phases (air-water system) in the entire split reactor column, in the rising and descending sides, including their behavior in the upper and lower zones of the split plate, were investigated as well. The results of this study showed that approximately all reactor zones had exemplary gas–liquid phases and that there was a large magnitude over both the dividing ring and the top sections. The results further indicated that the distribution of which flow variable in the implementation of the cylindrical split reactor can have an important impact on its behavior, especially for cultivating applications of microorganisms. These data can be used as benchmarks results for CFD simulations and validation. © 2022 by the authorsLicensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: cylindrical airlift reactor gas holdup GRD technique
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 910 | EID: 2-s2.0-85131780463

Insights into the Estimation of the Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Phase Change Material-Containing Oxide Nanoparticles using Gaussian Process Regression Method

2022
Chen T.-C.; Majdi H.S.; Ismael A.M.; Pouresmi J.; Ahangari D.; Noori S.M.
International Journal of Chemical Engineering , Vol. 2022
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 1687806X
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan; Al- Mustaqbal University College, Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Hilla, Iraq; Information Technology Department, Technical College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Instrumentation and Industrial Automation, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran; Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, S. Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran; Department of Computer Network, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
Thermal conductivity (TC) of a phase change material (PCM) may be enhanced by distributing nanostructured materials (NSMs) termed nano-PCM. It is critical to accurately estimate the TC of nano-PCM to assess heat transfer during phase transition processes, namely, solidification and melting. Here, we propose Gaussian process regression (GPR) strategies involving four various kernel functions (KFs) (including exponential (E), squared exponential (SE), rational quadratic (RQ), and matern (M)) to predict TC of n-octadecane as a PCM. The accessible computational techniques indicate the accuracy of our proposed GPR model compared to the previously proposed methods. In this research, the foremost forecasting strategy has been considered as a GPR method. This model consists of the matern KF whose R2 values of training and testing phases are 1 and 1, respectively. In the following, a sensitivity analysis (SA) is used to explore the effectiveness of variables in terms of outputs and shows that the temperature (T) of nanofluid (NF) is the most efficient input parameter. The work describes the physical properties of NFs and the parameters that should be determined to optimize their efficiency. © 2022 Tzu-Chia Chen et al.
DOI Scopus
Hindawi Limited | Art. 7119336 | EID: 2-s2.0-85132515544

Parameterization of a Novel Nonlinear Estimator for Uncertain SISO Systems with Noise Scenario

2022
Azar A.T.; Abdul-Majeed F.A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Hameed I.A.; Kamal N.A.; Jawad A.J.M.; Abbas A.H.; Abdul-Adheem W.R.; Ibraheem I.K.
Mathematics , Vol. 10 (13)
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22277390
College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt; Aeronautical Department, College of Technical Engineering, Alfarahidi University, Baghdad, 10070, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsve-gen, 2, Ålesund, 6009, Norway; Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt; Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10064, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq; College of Information Technology, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, 66002, Iraq; Department of Electrical Power Engineering Techniques, Al-Mamoun University College, Baghdad, 10013, Iraq; Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq
Dynamic observers are commonly used in feedback loops to estimate the system’s states from available control inputs and measured outputs. The presence of measurement noise degrades the performance of the observer and consequently degrades the performance of the controlled system. This paper presents a novel nonlinear higher-order extended state observer (NHOESO) for efficient state and disturbance estimation in presence of measurement noise for nonlinear single-input–single-output systems. The proposed nonlinear function allows a fast reconstruction of the system’s states and is robust against uncertainties and measurement noise. An analytical parameterization technique is proposed to parameterize the coefficients of the proposed nonlinear higher-order extended state observer in the case of measurement noise in the output signal. Several scenarios are simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: active disturbance rejection control extended state observer measurement noise nonlinear function filtering nonlinear systems
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 2261 | EID: 2-s2.0-85133513081

Evaluation of Bifacial Solar Energy Performance of a Cell with a Dual-Axes Tracker

2022
Majdi H.S.; Elmnifi M.; Abdullah A.R.; Eltawati A.S.; Habeeb L.J.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 40 (5), pp. 1299-1304
4 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil, 51001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bright Star University, Elbriga, 21867, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Waha Oil Company, Tripoli, 21861, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
A double-sided solar cell (a bifacial photovoltaic (PV) cell arrangement) consisting of two back-to-back silicon photovoltaic cells is examined in this paper, and compared with a Monofacial cell. It was installed on a two-axis solar tracker. Temperature and radiation were monitored on sunny noonday in El-Marg city, Libya. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate the generation and matching of bifacial solar cells made by back-stacking two monoclinic solar cells. The face in the front accepts direct solar radiation, while the face in the back accepts indirect solar radiation that is reproduced from the ground, clouds, and surrounding buildings. The chief focus is on determining how ambient temperature affects the performance of bifacial photovoltaic panels. On two hot summer days in Al-Marg city, important photovoltaic parameters of the binary system (short-circuit photocurrent density, open circuit photovoltaic voltage, maximum power conversion efficiency) was verified. The PV performance of each individual cell shows remarkable variability with the movement of the tracer to the effect of radiation and the surface temperature of each cell. The results showed that the back cell performs better than the front cell. Although the back cell was exposed to fewer illuminations, it provided the front with higher power conversion efficiency than the front cell. © 2022 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: bifacial design optimization dual-axis solar trackers front cell Monofacial PV ray tracing solar energy
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85144627817

Applying branch-shaped fins for improvement of performance of heat storage unit

2022
Qin L.; Alawee W.H.; Majdi H.S.; Saad H.A.; Wang F.; Hussin A.M.; Dhahad H.A.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 55
4 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Financial Office, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China; Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz, University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
The irreversibility of storage unit furnished with branch shaped fins was evaluated in this paper. The various arrangements of fins contain three levels for number of curved fins and all branches connected to inner cold wall. The conduction mechanism has been boosted with dispersing nanoparticles (TiO2) in to paraffin (n-eicosane). The simulations for two dimensional geometries with considering laminar flow for liquid paraffin have been presented via FVM. The validation with solidification data of previous article proves the good accommodation. The required time for freezing of PCM for case with N = 2, 4 and 8 are 1.034, 1.027 and 1.020 times greater than that of NEPCM. As distance of curved fins from each other increases from 12.5 to 25 and 50 mm, the period declines around 23.34 % and 28.41 %, respectively. The minimum need time can be obtained when N = 8 and ϕ = 0.03 which takes 9965 s to reach full freezing. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Branch shaped fins Freezing N-eicosane Nanoparticles Numerical transient modeling
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 105460 | EID: 2-s2.0-85136534857

Gallium and scandium doping effect on the sensing performance of aluminum phosphide nanotubes toward toxic ethylene oxide gas

2022
Jasim S.A.; Al-Gazally M.E.; Majdi H.S.; Karim Y.S.; Opulencia M.J.C.; Kadhim M.M.; Hammid A.T.; Mustafa Y.F.; Kheirollahi Nezhad P.D.
Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics , Vol. 441
4 استشهاد Retracted English ISSN: 03759601
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq; Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, 10021, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Computer Engineering Department, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, Payam Noor University, P. Box 51600-72541, Tehran, Iran
The density functional B3LYP-D was utilized for scrutinizing the effect of Ga and Sc-doping on the sensing performance of an AlP nanotube (AlPNT) in detecting ethylene oxide (EO). Pristine AlPNT had a weak interaction with EO, and the sensing response (SR) was approximately 8.6. There was an increase in the energy of adsorption for EO from −6.2 to −22.1 kcal/mol after the doping of a Ga and Sc atom onto the surface of AlPNT. Following the doping of Ga and Sc, there was also a dramatic increase in the SR to 33.1 and 79.3, respectively. It seems to be more SR because of the greater atomic radius of Sc than Ga. For the desorption of EO from the Sc-doped AlPNT, the recovery time (RT) at 298 K was 12.7 s. This suggested that Ga and Sc-doped AlPNTs might be used as an EO sensor, while the Sc-doped AlPNT is more sensitive. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: AlP nanotube Density functional theory Electronic properties Ethylene oxide Sensor
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | Art. 128145 | EID: 2-s2.0-85129974181

Thermal analysis of heat storage unit equipped with fins employing Galerkin approach

2022
Selim M.M.; Majdi H.S.; Basem A.; Mousa A.; Alghawli A.S.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 52
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Suez Faculty of Science, Suez University, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Air Conditioning Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Iraq; Department of Physics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia; Computer Science Department, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Aflaj, Saudi Arabia
In current study, freezing phenomena within an enclosure with tilted fins has been analyzed. The tank has three cold surfaces and one adiabatic wall and it was filled with NEPCM (mixture of nanoparticles and H2O). To involve the role of style of particles, the conductivity of NEPCM has been estimated according to previous experimental correlation. The formulation of NEPCM properties was based on assumption of homogeneous mixture. Buoyancy term which creates connection between velocity and temperature equations has no sensible impact of solidification. So, energy equation with unsteady source term has been assumed as main equation in current work. Two dimensional tanks have been considered and adaptive grid has been applied. For modeling, finite element method has been implemented and it accuracy was checked according to previous publication. Utilizing the platelet particles instead of sphere can enhance the freezing rate around 5.36% and contours for solid front have been shown this fact, too. Elevating the fraction of particles causes freezing time to decline around 10.74%. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Finite element approach Inclined fins Nanoparticles PCM Solidification Unsteady
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 104803 | EID: 2-s2.0-85130336633

Modeling of thermal storage enclosure with applying finite element method in presence of nanomaterial

2022
Zhang Y.; Majdi H.S.; Dhahad H.A.; Saad H.A.; Hu C.; Hussin A.M.
Journal of Energy Storage , Vol. 55
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 2352152X
Jiatai Industrial Production Design Co., Ltd., Sichuan, 621000, China; Hongwei Institute of Innovative Design, Sichuan, Mianyang, 621000, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole, 45758, Poland; Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz, University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia
In this article, trapezoidal enclosure has been involved with applying three-lobed inner cold wall and finite element method was utilized in order to simulating this unsteady problem. The all walls except the vertical ones are cold and domain was full of liquid water. Inclusion of nano-powders was assumed as technique of accelerating the solidification in this article. Moreover, the efficacy of shape of alumina nano-powders on expedition of process has been simulated. As nanoparticles added to water, required time declines around 5.97 %. Also, change of particle style to platelet shape results in reduction of period of freezing around 11.56 %. The particles with higher m can affect freezing more about 2.5 % than that of m = 3. The quickest process takes 688.39 s to be completed when m = 5.7, ϕ = 0.04. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Alumina nanoparticles Finite element method Freezing PCM Trapezoidal enclosure
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 105464 | EID: 2-s2.0-85138440992

Investigation of the Effect of Adding Tantalum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Ti-15Mo Alloy

2022
Majdi H.S.; Saud A.N.; koç E.; Al Juboori A.M.
IFMBE Proceedings , Vol. 87, pp. 637-646
3 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 16800737
Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Biomedical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
Titanium alloys have great applications as biomaterials due to their high mechanical strength and density ratio, good corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Type β alloys have aroused enormous interest in the development of biomaterials due to their low elastic modulus. This new class of alloys has been formed mainly by adding tantalum, molybdenum, proven not to have biocompatibility. Tantalum is an alloy hardening element, which can increase the mechanical strength of the material. At the same time, molybdenum is a strong β-stabilizer, stabilizing the β phase with 10% quickly. In this work, Ti-15Mo-xTa system alloys were produced by the powder metallurgy method. The result shows the prepared alloy presented the β-phase grain structure, showing more excellent mechanical properties than pure titanium due to hardening in solid solution. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biomedical application Mechanical properties Microstructure Ti-based alloy
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | EID: 2-s2.0-85122537040

Mixed convection around a circular cylinder in a buoyancy-assisting flow

2022
Majdi H.S.; Mashkour M.A.; Habeeb L.J.; Ilic M.
Curved and Layered Structures , Vol. 9 (1), pp. 81-95
3 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23537396
Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil, Hillah, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
In this paper, the effect of mixed convection on the flow behavior and heat transfer around a circular cylinder disclosed to a vertically upward laminar air stream is numerically examine. The buoyancy-aided flow is utilized to eliminate and control the vortex shedding of the cylinder. The influence of the Grashof number, 0 ≤ Gr ≤ 6000, the flow and thermal patterns, as well as the local and mean Nusselt number, is investigated at a constant Reynolds number of 100. The unsteady Navier-Stokes's equations are solved employing a finite-volume method to simulate numerically the velocity and temperature fields in time and space. The results showed periodic instability in the flow and thermal fields for a range of Grashof number Gr ≤ 1300. Also, there is critical value of Grashof number for stopping this instability and the vortex shedding formed behind the cylinder, by the effect of heating. Thus, by increasing Grashof number between 1400 ≤ Gr ≤ 4000, the periodic flow vanishes and converts into steady flow with twin eddies attached to the cylinder from the back. Furthermore, as Grashof number increases behind Gr ≥ 5000, the flow becomes completely attached to the cylinder surface without any separation. © 2022 Hasan Shakir Majdi et al., published by De Gruyter.
الكلمات المفتاحية: adding flows circular cylinder Mixed convection vortex shedding
DOI Scopus
De Gruyter Open Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85124043538

Effect of Electrode Surface Enhancement on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell Under Flow Conditions

2022
Kudier W.N.; Atta S.Z.; Majdi H.Sh.; Hasan B.O.
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry , Vol. 65 (13), pp. 781-789
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 04492285
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq
The current research investigated and analyzed the influence of electrode surface enhancement on microbial fuel cell (MFC) efficiency under different flow circumstances. In this study, two double chamber cathode and anode, identically designed and built as a completely mixed system, were run for 60 minutes using yeast, salt, water, and sugar as anode substrate. The produced electrical current in MFC was determined for smooth and enhanced surface (punched plate) of a copper electrode in double chambers MFC for a range of stirring speeds 0, 250 rpm, and 500 rpm. The effect of air pumping and dispersion in each MFC chamber on the produced current was investigated under different stirring rates. A considerable electrical current was created due to the micro-organism bioactivity on the electrode surface, which caused a difference in the electrochemical potential between the two chambers. A remarkable increase in the produced current was noticed when the flow velocity was increased in the cathode chamber. However, the flow in the micro-organism chamber reduced the amount of the produced current. Enhancing the electrode surface by increasing the contact area with the biomass causes an increased mass transfer or charge transfer between the solution and the electrode surface. As a result of surface enhancement, an increase in the current output levels depends on the flow velocity. The conjoint effect of flow velocity and aeration, especially for the enhanced electrode surface, causes an appreciable increase of the produced current in MFC, reaching up to 3 times the smooth surface. The presence of air bubbles in the cathode chamber caused a noticeable increase in the produced current density. The presence of substrate glucose showed different influences on the produced current depending on the electrode surface. © 2022 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Current electron transport mass transfer aeration fuel cell micro-organism microbial potential
DOI Scopus
NIDOC (Nat.Inform.Document.Centre) | EID: 2-s2.0-85147162304

MWCNTS-YSZ coating deposited by plasma thermal spray on ICONEL 738 low carbon substrate

2022
Abdulameer S.; Al-Sultani K.F.; Majdi H.S.
Materials Today: Proceedings , Vol. 60, pp. 1241-1247
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 22147853
Metallurgical Engineering, Materials Engineering College, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Chemical Engineering, Engineering College, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Almustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
The surface of Inconel 738 LC samples has been coated with carbon nanotube and yttria stabilized zirconia utilizing the plasma thermal spray method. Various percentages of carbon nanotubes and yttria stabilized zirconia were utilized in the coating (100 percent nano YSZ, 96 percent nano YSZ +4 percent CNTs, 94 percent nano YSZ +6 percent CNTs, and 92 percent nano YSZ +8 percent CNTs). After coating, a cyclic hot corrosion testing has been conducted, followed by SEM and XRD on all samples. SEM cross-section micrographs were utilized to quantify coating thickness. After 50 hrs of corrosion in 67 percent wt. V2O5 +33 percent wt. Na2SO4 at 950 degree centigrade, the changing weight of absence and coated specimens was measured. The cumulative weight change per surface area of coated specimens at temperatures of 950 °C was found to be 0.0095, 0.0075, 0.006, and 0.0057 mg.cm–2, (E,F,G,H) respectively. The best coating to resist hot corrosion was showed by specimens coated with 92% wt. yttria +8%wt. carbon nanotube. There are no oxides in the base specimens, according to X-rays of coated samples. Images of scanning electron microscopy for the surface layer revealed that it has a significant porosity and that some of the layer of coating s had microcracks. © 2022
الكلمات المفتاحية: Hot corrosion MWCNTs Spray of Plasma YSZ
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85130820043

Investigation of the Performance Removal of RB Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using GO-NP/MMMs

2022
Al-Sultan A.A.; Kadhim R.J.; Majdi H.Sh.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Al-Ani F.H.
International Review of Civil Engineering , Vol. 13 (5), pp. 409-419
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 20369913
Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
The focus of this research is to discover the best possible operating parameters for adding GO element into PES/GO membranes for NF uses. Organic compounds have the potential to contaminate GO-NP/PES membranes. Regarding to address the technical issues that membranes encounter, the new model strives to decrease energy loss while keeping a strong system discharge all across the treatment process. An optimization strategy was employed to establish ideal values for various essential process parameters to achieve a certain quantity of flux above the expected levels. Mathematical and statistical examinations such as response surface technique and statistical analysis of the characteristics (ANOVA) were used to improve the process's performance on a broader level. This research is looked at the effects of process variables, including dye feeding pH (3–11), GO ratio (0–2%), RB dye concentration (10–100 ppm), and the interactions between these factors and PES/GO membrane permeability. With a result of 123.417 ℓ/(m2 h bar), the PES membrane performed the best. The pH had no consequence on the RB dye's reactivity, and the results are verified by a Pareto chart of the normalized effects on dye permeation flow using a significant effect at the 5% significance level. © 2022 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l.-All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Dyes Graphene Oxide Membrane Nano Filtration Optimization Rose Bengal Wastewater
DOI Scopus
Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l | EID: 2-s2.0-85140780095

Analysis of CT images of the COVID-19 patients

2022
Jabbar S.I.; Majdi H.S.; Hakeem S.I.; Altaee A.A.; Mohammmed M.H.; Aladi A.Q.
Al-Muthanna 2nd International Conference on Engineering Science and Technology, MICEST 2022 - Proceedings , pp. 60-64
2 استشهاد Conference paper English
Al Frurat Al Awsat Technical University, Babylon Technical Institute, Babylon, Iraq; Al Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Stroke Specielist (UK), Babylon Health Directory Mirjan Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq
In light of the COVID 19 sweeping the world, there is an urgent need for the speed and accuracy of diagnosing infected cases. The CT scan is imaging method for assessing the extent of virus penetration into the patient's lungs. Therefore, in this paper, we present a new method for enhancement CT images of COVID 19 patients. We propose and applied a new modified unsharp masking method for enhancing CT images of the COVID-19 patients. The main objective of using this technique is to add edge information back to the original image as well as to emphasize edges and discontinuities to obtain higher contrast in the enhanced images. We recruited 30 samples of CT scan image from (male and female). A new scale of contrast enhancement has been supported quantitative improvement using two assessment metrics EME (Measure of Enhancement) and AME (Absolute Measure of Enhancement). These scales control and help to get closer to a better appearance of the resulting image compared to the original image. The quality of output images of proposed technique outperforms traditional unsharp masking technique with 6.725% and 23.73% based on EME and AME evaluations. © 2022 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Collection of CT images enhancement measure image processing unsharp masking method
DOI Scopus
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. | EID: 2-s2.0-85133466068

A 3D CFD simulation of cavitation phenomena for a centrifugal pump with multi rotational speed and pressure

2022
Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Hadi J.M.; Zivkovic D.
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering , Vol. 7 (1), pp. 796-809
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09745823
Department of Chemical Engineering & Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil, Hillah, Iraq; Training & Workshop Center, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
With the progress of development in the design of centrifugal pumps, it has become necessary to solve the problems that occur to these pumps. And the most important of these problems is the phenomenon of cavitation that occurs as a result of the increase in pressure of the fluids transmitted as a result of the rotation of the centrifugal pump. And due to this pressure, the fluid turns into steam that reduces the pump’s resistance on the one hand. In this research paper, the effect of the pressure entering the pump & the speed of rotation of the centrifugal pump was studied to find out which pressures can be controlled in order not to get cavitation & reduce this phenomenon. Where a group of high pressures (1 bar to 5 bar) was used with a difference of 1 bar for each case & also a difference for the rotational speed used, where three rotational speeds (800, 1000 & 1200) rpm were used. It has been proven through the extracted results of the velocity of the fluid, which is the water, & the amount of vapor produced by the cavitation phenomenon that with the pressure rise the fluid's velocity rises & also the cavitation phenomenon increases. But the increase in steam due to the cavitation phenomenon works to reduce the efficiency of the pump & reduce the velocity of the outflow from the centrifugal pump. © Kalahari Journals.
Scopus
Kalahari Journals | EID: 2-s2.0-85122364361

MODELING OF THERMAL DISTRIBUTIONS BY ANALYZING THE HEAT TOLERANCE OF A ROBOTIC GRIPPER PIVOT EXPOSED TO HEATED ELECTRONICS

2022
Majdi H.S.; Abdullah A.R.; Hadi A.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies , Vol. 1 (1-115), pp. 24-28
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17293774
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
There are several applications in the aerospace, automotive and energy industries, for example, that often require high fidelity modeling or problems involving structural mechanics, heat transfer, or electromagnetic. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a popular method for solving the underlying partial differential equations (PDE) for these problems. 3D finite element analysis or 3D-FEA accurately captures the physics of these problems. The relevance of this study is to show how to set up finite element analysis (FEA) simulations and leverage the model of the environment to solve problems typically encountered by engineers and scientists in a variety of fields such as aerospace, automotive and energy. This study analyzes the behavior of mechanical components under different physical effects and shows a thermal analysis of a commercial KUKA YouBot robotic arm component by finding temperature distributions, figures, code, and test results for multiple materials. The developed model allows understanding and assessing the responsive component under loading, vibration or heat and determining deformation stresses among many things to select the best material and even prevent failure or undesired resonance as an example. These systems are typically modeled using partial differential equations or PDEs that capture the underlying physics of the problem and FEA is just one of the most common methodologies to solve this type of equation. The linear regression model can be a good predictive model that represents the relationship between thermal conductivity and max temperature to avoid undesired performance of the robotic arm © 2022, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license
الكلمات المفتاحية: Finite element analysis (fea) Heat transfer Partial differential equations (pde) Robotic gripper pivot
DOI Scopus
Technology Center | EID: 2-s2.0-85126752050

Studying The Influence Of Hydrostatic Pressure On The Plastic Deformation Of Large Water Tanks

2022
Majdi H.S.; Hadi A.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Zivkovic D.
ECS Transactions , Vol. 107 (1), pp. 17201-17215
1 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 19386737
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil, Hillah, Iraq
Hazardous liquids require storage tanks with distinctive specifications that are stored securely, so as not to expose the environment to problems and risks of pollution, and thus the current study was prepared to verify the total deformation, the equivalent elastic strain, and the effects of von Mises stress on a storage tank of a certain geometry but under liquid load and temperature different temperature. The tank was designed with precise engineering and was tested under different temperatures designated at 10 o o o C, 22 C and 34 C. Under each degree, water was placed in a different capacity in four levels, represented by a quarter of the tank, half of it, and three quarters and filling it completely. It was found that with the different temperatures and the different percentage of water in the tank, there was a change in the amount of total deformation, the equivalent elastic strain and the effects of von Misses stress on the tank. © The Electrochemical Society
الكلمات المفتاحية: deformation elastic strain storage tanks von Misses stress
DOI Scopus
Institute of Physics | EID: 2-s2.0-85130548990

Creating the Distribution Map of Groundwater for Drinking Uses Using Physio-Chemical Variables; Case Study: Al-Hilla City, Iraq

2022
Chabuk A.; Jahad U.A.; Majdi A.; Isam M.; Al-Ansari N.; SH. Majdi H.; Laue J.; Abed S.A.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution , Vol. 233 (6)
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 00496979
Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Research and Studies Unit, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq; Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 971 87, Sweden; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; College of Science, Al-Öqadisyah University, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
Surface water and groundwater are significant for population and other activities due to the decreasing surface water flow toward Iraq. Therefore, there is a need to analyze groundwater’s quality and classification and its applicability as an alternative in various human activities in the study area. This study utilized the groundwater quality index model for drinking uses (GW.Q.I.) and entered the resulting values in the GIS environment. This model was applied to 56 wells in Al-Hillah city by measuring twelve variables in each well. The measured variables were calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate (NO3), and electric conductivity (EC). The prediction map of GW.Q.I. was produced in the GIS. Then, the distributing map was divided into six categories based on the suitability of groundwater for drinking uses. The areas’ values of six categories with their ratings were about 5 km2 (excellent), 122 km2 (good), 610 km2 (poor), 63 km2 (very poor), 36 km2 (contaminated), and 24 km2 (very contaminated). For the entire study area, the average value of the GW.Q.I. was 177, classified as poor for drinking uses. © 2022, The Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Distributing map Drinking uses GIS Groundwater quality index
DOI Scopus
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | Art. 218 | EID: 2-s2.0-85131636675

Effect of operating parameters on amylase efficiency in a selected Sugar refinery

2022
Hassan S.F.; Fahem A.S.; Mohammed Emeen S.I.; ALaydamee H.H.; Majdi H.S.H.
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry , Vol. 65 (3), pp. 649-654
Article Open Access English ISSN: 04492285
Department Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, Factually of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwnayah, Iraq
Amylase is a significant industrial enzyme that is used in a variety of industries, including scarification of starchy materials, pharmaceuticals, food, textiles and detergents. This research work is concerned with the optimization increase enzyme efficiency of dissolution unit from Etihad Food Industries Company (Sugar plant), Babylon, Iraq. Effects of operating parameters such as amylase concentration (0-50 ppm), time (0-15 min) and temperature (25-85 C◦) on the starch’s removal efficiency were investigated. Also, the results indicated that the temperature has the main effect on the amylase efficiency. Under optimized operating conditions of initial temperature =85 C, amylase concentration =25 ppm, and time for reaction=15 min the removal efficiency of starch was found to be 60% which is relatively higher than the previous works. © 2022 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Amylases Melting sugar Starch removal Temperature
DOI Scopus
NIDOC (Nat.Inform.Document.Centre) | EID: 2-s2.0-85124708452

IDENTIFYING OF THE EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF TESLA FUSES IN A COILED COLLECTOR ON DIRECT AND REVERSE HEAT TRANSFER

2022
Majdi H.S.; Altalib M.A.S.; Saieed A.N.A.; Abbas W.A.M.; Hamid O.T.; Al-Saaidi H.A.I.
Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies , Vol. 5 (8-119), pp. 31-36
Article Open Access English ISSN: 17293774
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon Governorate, Babil, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Department of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Eng. Tech. Al-Rafidain University College-Baghdad, Hay Al-Mustansiriya,Mahala,506, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Finance and Banking College of Administration and Economics Al-Farahidi Universety, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Oil and Gas Refining Engineering Al-Turath University College, Mansour str., Baghdad, 10001, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Power Engineering Dijlah University College, Masafi str., Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
Work was done on the Tesla valve in this study with a coiled and three-dimensional shape, where a different number of these channels and a direct and reverse flow turbine were used to compare the changes that obtain the amount of pressure and temperatures. With the conception of the technology of transferring heat energy in various heat exchangers, it became necessary to develop our technologies that increase the transmission of this energy, and we must refer to the inventions that contributed to the development of the heat transfer system and the three energy laws. They contributed to the development of some mechanical systems, where the Tesla valve is considered one of the valves that have two directions of flow, the first is direct, in which the pressure value is low, and the other is reverse, which occurs when movement is disturbed due to the direction of the channel in which it can be used. This concept can be used to improve heat transfer. Where the results establish that an increase in the number of channels positively affects the pressure and thus gives more outlets for the passage of water, a study has shown. In the case of four channels an exit temperature of 304.14 K was obtained, which is the highest temperature reached in cases where the direction of flow is direct. The pressure value was in the case in which the channel is a quadrilateral, and the pressure value reached 209 pa. This data are useful and important because the direct exit score has reached 305.74 K for the Tesla valves, which are designed to give enough time for the heat to transfer to the water. The main principle of the Tesla valve is the reverse direction, which works to obstruct the movement of the fluid, and thus increases the pressure and reduces the velocity of the flow © 2022, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license
الكلمات المفتاحية: Comsol multiphysics Heat and mass transfer Natural circulation loop Tesla valve
DOI Scopus
Technology Center | EID: 2-s2.0-85141751679

Techniques of Musculoskeletal System Imaging

2022
Jabbar S.I.; Majdi H.S.; Aladi A.Q.
International journal of online and biomedical engineering , Vol. 18 (4), pp. 127-142
Article Open Access English ISSN: 26268493
Babylon Technical Institute, Al Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq; Babylon Health Directory, Mirjan Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq; Al Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
Musculoskeletal models endow an opportunity to study the movement of the upper limb in vivo. The solid foundation of musculoskeletal model design is inherited from musculoskeletal parameters. Some of these parameters are tendon and muscle fiber length, pennation angle, and muscle volume. It is possible to extract these parameters based on cadaver. However, it is time-consuming and gives a generic statement about the function of the musculoskeletal system, but this is not enough to get accurate data and timely for each patient. Medical imaging has revolutionized visualization of the internal structure of the body in real time and in vivo. It is worth using medical imaging because it is impossible to imagine in real time what is inside the body unless surgery is performed; it is possible to see internal structure through cadaver dissection, but not in vivo. There are several kinds of medical imaging tools, which have been used in musculoskeletal systemanalysis such as Ultrasonography (US),Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans. The work proposed aims to present principle, development and challenges of different medical imaging tools of musculoskeletal system methods. The outcomes of this paper show the choice of the imaging device for musculoskeletal system depends mainly on the motivation, target and the strong points that present in the medical imaging devices. © 2022,International journal of online and biomedical engineering.All Rights Reserved
الكلمات المفتاحية: Ct Dti Image analysis Medical imaging Mri Musculoskeletal system Ultrasound
DOI Scopus
International Association of Online Engineering | EID: 2-s2.0-85127498540

Optimizing the Complex Systems Reliability Using Mixed Strategy in Ultra-fast Gas Turbine Protection System

2022
Ahmed A.A.A.; Huy D.T.N.; Trung N.D.; Alghazali T.; Alattabi A.N.; Majdi H.Sh.; Lattieff F.A.; Iskandar A.S.; Nurrohkayati A.S.
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems , Vol. 21 (3), pp. 449-459
Article English ISSN: 15987248
School of Accounting, Jiujiang University, Qianjin Donglu, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, 551, China; Banking university HCMC Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam- International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan; National Economics University (NEU), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Islamic University, College of Education, Najaf, Iraq; College of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; State Islamic Institute of Palopo, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia
There are four general ways to improve reliability. One of the most popular of these solutions is to add surplus components to the subsystems of a system (known as RRAP) and the reliability-redundancy allocation problem. In a subsystem, how these surplus components are used is of particular importance. How to use surplus components in the subsystem is known as. There are three general strategies for reliability issues known as active, stored, and mixed strategy. The main aim of the study is to create a new formula on the basis of the subsystems that use these two strategies. Model 4 provides a continuous limit of the Markov chain with continuous time. This new formula enables us to perform complex strategy calculations in a very short time and accurately. Finally the exact function obtained for mixed strategy Protective system ultra-fast gas turbine has been tested. Given the results, the new equation decreased the solution time besides the accurate estimation of the system’s reliability. © 2022 KIIE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Allocation Strategy Assigning Reliability-Redundancy Markov Chain Model Mixed Strategy Reliability Optimization
DOI Scopus
Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers | EID: 2-s2.0-85140615875
2021
20 بحث

Removal of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by using polyphenylsulfone-based blend membranes: Characterization and performance

2021
Yahya A.A.; Rashid K.T.; Ghadhban M.Y.; Mousa N.E.; Majdi H.S.; Salih I.K.; Alsalhy Q.F.
Membranes , Vol. 11 (3), pp. 1-20
76 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, AlMustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Among many contaminants in wastewater, organic phenol compounds presented a major concern to endanger the water resources safety. In the present study, blend nanofiltration (NF) membranes comprising polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and polyethersulfone (PES) were prepared via the non-induced phase separation and their performance was examined against 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). The PES ratio in the dope solution was varied from 6 to 9 wt.% to probe the impact of PES on the retention and permeation characteristics of the final membranes. A series of experimental tools were employed to estimate the characteristics of the membranes, including surface and cross-section, hydrophilicity, pore size and pore size distribution. Performance evaluation of the NF membranes was conducted considering two operational variables; pH and initial feed solution. About 99% removal of 4-NP along with 6.2 L/m2.h.bar was achieved at the optimum operating conditions as revealed by optimization and mathematical modelling. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: 4-Nitrophenol Environment Nanofiltration membrane Optimization Wastewater treatment Water quality
DOI Scopus
MDPI AG | Art. 171 | EID: 2-s2.0-85102303389

Simultaneous and consecutive charging and discharging of a PCM-based domestic air heater with metal foam

2021
Mahdi J.M.; Mohammed H.I.; Talebizadehsardari P.; Ghalambaz M.; Sh. Majdi H.; khan A.; Yaïci W.; Giddings D.
Applied Thermal Engineering , Vol. 197
70 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 13594311
Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan, Iraq; Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Metamaterials for Mechanical, Biomechanical and Multiphysical Applications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Hydraulics and Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems, South Ural State University, Lenin prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation; CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Numerical investigations of the melting/solidification in a metal foam saturated with phase change material (PCM) were performed for simultaneous and consecutive operational modes. The composite is embedded in a rectangular compound cooled by passing air in a middle channel which is then employed to heat the room as a space heater. The composite is heated by two-rod heating elements to store thermal energy for peak-shaving purposes. The study covered the evaluation of the system in different operational modes for charging and discharging rate, the impacts of the metal foam and the influence of coolant flow rate on the solidification performance. The presence of PCM on one hand due to having almost constant temperature during the phase change process and the use of metal foam on the other hand due to proving high heat transfer rate from the PCM to the coolant, help in providing a uniform output temperature from the system which is a key factor for highly efficient space heaters. Moreover, evaluation of the operational modes can help to understand the behavior of the system in real scenarios when there is a need to charge the storage system and heat the room (discharging) simultaneously. The results show that the melting process is fully achieved due to the faster-charging process rate in modes I (8-hour charging and 8-hour discharging separately) and III (2-hour charging and 14-hour simultaneous charging-discharging), compared with mode II (2-hour charging and 2-hour discharging separately, repeated for 16 h). The temperature distribution in Mode III was more constant, which produced uniform heat exchanged between the PCM and the cooling fluid. The porosity is inversely proportional to the liquid development rate. The PCM melts entirely within 6.5 h for 90% porosity while 78% of the PCM melts in 8 h for the 95% porosity case. The final mean PCM temperature changed from 69.9 °C to 66.4 °C, when the air flow rate increases from 0.01 kg/s to 0.03 kg/s. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Domestic space heating Latent heat storage Mode of operation Phase change materials Simultaneous and consecutive phase change Storage-air heater
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | Art. 117408 | EID: 2-s2.0-85111945390

Nano and Battery Anode: A Review

2021
Majdi H.S.; Latipov Z.A.; Borisov V.; Yuryevna N.O.; Kadhim M.M.; Suksatan W.; Khlewee I.H.; Kianfar E.
Nanoscale Research Letters , Vol. 16 (1)
59 استشهاد Review Open Access English ISSN: 19317573
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Elabuga Institute of KFU, Kazan Federal University, Elabuga, Russian Federation; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Legal and Social Sciences, Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation; Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, 52001, Wasit, Iraq; Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arāk, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Improving the anode properties, including increasing its capacity, is one of the basic necessities to improve battery performance. In this paper, high-capacity anodes with alloy performance are introduced, then the problem of fragmentation of these anodes and its effect during the cyclic life is stated. Then, the effect of reducing the size to the nanoscale in solving the problem of fragmentation and improving the properties is discussed, and finally the various forms of nanomaterials are examined. In this paper, electrode reduction in the anode, which is a nanoscale phenomenon, is described. The negative effects of this phenomenon on alloy anodes are expressed and how to eliminate these negative effects by preparing suitable nanostructures will be discussed. Also, the anodes of the titanium oxide family are introduced and the effects of Nano on the performance improvement of these anodes are expressed, and finally, the quasi-capacitive behavior, which is specific to Nano, will be introduced. Finally, the third type of anodes, exchange anodes, is introduced and their function is expressed. The effect of Nano on the reversibility of these anodes is mentioned. The advantages of nanotechnology for these electrodes are described. In this paper, it is found that nanotechnology, in addition to the common effects such as reducing the penetration distance and modulating the stress, also creates other interesting effects in this type of anode, such as capacitive quasi-capacitance, changing storage mechanism and lower volume change. © 2021, The Author(s).
الكلمات المفتاحية: Battery anode Capacitive quasi-capacitance Changing storage mechanism High-capacity anodes Titanium oxide
DOI Scopus
Springer | Art. 177 | EID: 2-s2.0-85120938613

Solidification enhancement in a triple-tube latent heat energy storage system using twisted fins

2021
Sun X.; Mahdi J.M.; Mohammed H.I.; Majdi H.Sh.; Zixiong W.; Talebizadehsardari P.
Energies , Vol. 14 (21)
54 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19961073
Jiangsu Smart Factory Engineering Research Centre, College of Management and Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, 223003, China; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan, Kalar, 46021, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; China Water Resources Pearl River Planning Surveying & Designing Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510610, China; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
This work evaluates the influence of combining twisted fins in a triple-tube heat exchanger utilised for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) in three-dimensional numerical simulation and comparing the outcome with the cases of the straight fins and no fins. The phase change material (PCM) is in the annulus between the inner and the outer tube, these tubes include a cold fluid that flows in the counter current path, to solidify the PCM and release the heat storage energy. The performance of the unit was assessed based on the liquid fraction and temperature profiles as well as solidification and the energy storage rate. This study aims to find suitable and efficient fins number and the optimum values of the Re and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The outcomes stated the benefits of using twisted fins related to those cases of straight fins and the no-fins. The impact of multi-twisted fins was also considered to detect their influences on the solidification process. The outcomes reveal that the operation of four twisted fins decreased the solidification time by 12.7% and 22.9% compared with four straight fins and the no-fins cases, respectively. Four twisted fins improved the discharging rate by 12.4% and 22.8% compared with the cases of four straight fins and no-fins, respectively. Besides, by reducing the fins’ number from six to four and two, the solidification time reduces by 11.9% and 25.6%, respectively. The current work shows the impacts of innovative designs of fins in the LHTES to produce novel inventions for commercialisation, besides saving the power grid. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Phase change material Solidification Thermal energy storage Triple-tube heat exchanger Twisted fin array
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 7179 | EID: 2-s2.0-85118556760

Investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a triple tube latent heat storage system using circular fins with inline and staggered arrangements

2021
Sun X.; Mohammed H.I.; Tiji M.E.; Mahdi J.M.; Majdi H.Sh.; Wang Z.; Talebizadehsardari P.; Yaïci W.
Nanomaterials , Vol. 11 (10)
44 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20794991
Jiangsu Smart Factory Engineering Research Centre, College of Management and Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, 223003, China; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan, Kalar, 46021, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, 1519-37195, Iran; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; China Water Resources Pearl River Planning Surveying & Designing Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510610, China; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, K1A 1M1, ON, Canada
Inherent fluctuations in the availability of energy from renewables, particularly solar, remain a substantial impediment to their widespread deployment worldwide. Employing phasechange materials (PCMs) as media, saving energy for later consumption, offers a promising solution for overcoming the problem. However, the heat conductivities of most PCMs are limited, which severely limits the energy storage potential of these materials. This study suggests employing circular fins with staggered distribution to achieve improved thermal response rates of PCM in a vertical triple-tube heat exchanger involving two opposite flow streams of the heat-transfer fluid (HTF). Since heat diffusion is not the same at various portions of the PCM unit, different fin configurations, fin dimensions and HTF flow boundary conditions were explored using computational studies of melting in the PCM triple-tube system. Staggered configuration of fin distribution resulted in significant increases in the rates of PCM melting. The results indicate that the melting rate and heat charging rate could be increased by 37.2 and 59.1%, respectively, in the case of staggered distribution. Furthermore, the use of lengthy fins with smaller thickness in the vertical direction of the storage unit resulted in a better positive role of natural convection; thus, faster melting rates were achieved. With fin dimensions of 0.666 mm × 15 mm, the melting rate was found to be increased by 23.6%, when compared to the base case of 2 mm × 5 mm. Finally, it was confirmed that the values of the Reynolds number and inlet temperatures of the HTF had a significant impact on melting time savings when circular fins of staggered distribution were included. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Fins’ dimensions Melting Phase-change material Staggered and inline fins Thermal energy storage
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 2647 | EID: 2-s2.0-85116821085

Fabrication of gum arabic-graphene (Gga) modified polyphenylsulfone (ppsu) mixed matrix membranes: A systematic evaluation study for ultrafiltration (uf) applications

2021
Ali A.M.; Rashid K.T.; Yahya A.A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Salih I.K.; Yusoh K.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Abdulrazak A.A.; Figoli A.
Membranes , Vol. 11 (7)
38 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, 26300, Malaysia; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Rende (CS), 87030, Italy
In the current work, a Gum, Arabic-modified Graphene (GGA), has been synthesized via a facile green method and employed for the first time as an additive for enhancement of the PPSU ultra-filtration membrane properties. A series of PPSU membranes containing very low (0–0.25) wt.% GGA were prepared, and their chemical structure and morphology were comprehensively investigated through atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Besides, thermogravi-metric analysis (TGA) was harnessed to measure thermal characteristics, while surface hydrophilicity was determined by the contact angle. The PPSU-GGA membrane performance was assessed through volumetric flux, solute flux, and retention of sodium alginate solution as an organic polysaccharide model. Results demonstrated that GGA structure had been successfully synthesized as confirmed XRD patterns. Besides, all membranes prepared using low GGA content could impart enhanced hydrophilic nature and permeation characteristics compared to pristine PPSU membranes. Moreover, greater thermal stability, surface roughness, and a noticeable decline in the mean pore size of the membrane were obtained. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Gum arabic-graphene Membrane modification PPSU Sodium alginate Ultrafiltration
DOI Scopus
MDPI AG | Art. 542 | EID: 2-s2.0-85111376425

Comparison between artificial neural network and rigorous mathematical model in simulation of industrial heavy naphtha reforming process

2021
Al-Shathr A.; Shakor Z.M.; Majdi H.Sh.; Abdulrazak A.A.; Albayati T.M.
Catalysts , Vol. 11 (9)
30 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed and compared with a rigorous mathematical model (RMM) to estimate the performance of an industrial heavy naphtha reforming process. The ANN model, represented by a multilayer feed forward neural network (MFFNN), had (36-10-10-10-34) topology, while the RMM involved solving 34 ordinary differential equations (ODEs) (32 mass balance, 1 heat balance and 1 momentum balance) to predict compositions, temperature, and pressure distributions within the reforming process. All computations and predictions were performed using MATLAB® software version 2015a. The ANN topology had minimum MSE when the number of hidden layers, number of neurons in the hidden layer, and the number of training epochs were 3, 10, and 100,000, respectively. Extensive error analysis between the experimental data and the predicted values were conducted using the following error functions: Coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), and mean square error (MSE). The results revealed that the ANN (R2 = 0.9403, MAE = 0.0062) simulated the industrial heavy naphtha reforming process slightly better than the rigorous mathematical model (R2 = 0.9318, MAE = 0.007). Moreover, the computational time was obviously reduced from 120 s for the RMM to 18.3 s for the ANN. However, one disadvantage of the ANN model is that it cannot be used to predict the process performance in the internal points of reactors, while the RMM predicted the internal temperatures, pressures and weight fractions very well. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Artificial neural network Catalyst Deactivation Heavy naphtha Mathematical model Reforming
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1034 | EID: 2-s2.0-85114051736

Performance Evaluation of Polyethersulfone Membranes for Competitive Removal of Cd2+, Co2+, and Pb2+Ions from Simulated Groundwater

2021
Ahmed S.H.; Al-Jubouri S.M.; Zouli N.; Mohammed A.A.; Majdi H.S.; Salih I.K.; Al-Shaeli M.; Al-Rahawi A.M.I.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Figoli A.
Geofluids , Vol. 2021
25 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 14688115
Environment Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Tikrit, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box 706, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; Environment Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Monash University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia; Department of Engineering, GUtech, P.O. Box: 1816, PC 130, Oman; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Rende (CS), 87030, Italy
This paper presents studying the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for the simultaneous removal of Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions from binary and ternary aqueous solutions. Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions with two different initial concentrations (e.g., 10 and 50 ppm) were selected as examples of heavy metals that contaminate the groundwater as a result of geological and human activities. This study investigated the effect of types of PES membrane and metal ions concentration on the separation process. For the binary aqueous solutions, the permeation flux of the PES2 membranes was higher for the separation process of solutions containing 50 ppm of Cd2+ ions and 10 ppm of Co2+ ions (24.7 L/m2·h) and Pb2+ ions (23.7 L/m2·h). All the metals in the binary solutions had high rejection when their initial concentration was lower than the initial concentration of the other metal present in the same solution. Using PES2, the maximum rejection of Cd2+ ions was 61.3% when the initial concentrations were 50 ppm Pb2+ ions: 10 ppm Cd2+ ions and 55.4% for Pb2+ ions when the initial concentrations were 10 ppm Pb2+ ions: 50 ppm Cd2+ ions. For the ternary aqueous solutions, the rejection and the permeation flux of the PES membranes increased with decreasing the heavy metal initial concentration. Using PES2, the maximum permeation flux was 21.6 L/m2·h when the initial concentration of the metals was 10 ppm; and the maximum rejection of the metals obtained at initial concentration of 10 ppm was 50.5% for Co2+ ions, 48.3% for Cd2+ ions, and 40% for Pb2+ ions. The results of the filtration process using PES2 of simulated contaminated-groundwater indicated the efficient treatment of groundwater containing Co2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions. © 2021 Salwa H. Ahmed et al.
DOI Scopus
Hindawi Limited | Art. 6654477 | EID: 2-s2.0-85099613618

Natural convection effect on solidification enhancement in a multi-tube latent heat storage system: Effect of tubes’ arrangement

2021
Tiji M.E.; Mahdi J.M.; Mohammed H.I.; Majdi H.Sh.; Ebrahimi A.; Mahani R.B.; Talebizadehsardari P.; Yaïci W.
Energies , Vol. 14 (22)
19 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19961073
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, 3718146645, Iran; Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan, Kalar, 46021, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; School of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 4714871167, Iran; Belmore Energy Ltd, Edgware, HA8 7EB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, K1A 1M1, ON, Canada
The solidification process in a multi-tube latent heat energy system is affected by the natural convection and the arrangement of heat exchanger tubes, which changes the buoyancy effect as well. In the current work, the effect of the arrangement of the tubes in a multi-tube heat exchanger was examined during the solidification process with the focus on the natural convection effects inside the phase change material (PCM). The behavior of the system was numerically analyzed using liquid fraction and energy released, as well as temperature, velocity and streamline profiles for different studied cases. The arrangement of the tubes, considering seven pipes in the symmetrical condition, are assumed at different positions in the system, including uniform distribution of the tubes as well as non-uniform distribution, i.e., tubes concentrated at the bottom, middle and the top of the PCM shell. The model was first validated compared with previous experimental work from the literature. The results show that the heat rate removal from the PCM after 16 h was 52.89 W (max) and 14.85 W (min) for the cases of uniform tube distribution and tubes concentrated at the bottom, respectively, for the proposed dimensions of the heat exchanger. The heat rate removal of the system with uniform tube distribution increases when the distance between the tubes and top of the shell reduces, and increased equal to 68.75 W due to natural convection effect. The heat release rate also reduces by increasing the temperature the tubes. The heat removal rate increases by 7.5%, and 23.7% when the temperature increases from 10◦ C to 15◦ C and 20◦ C, respectively. This paper reveals that specific consideration to the arrangement of the tubes should be made to enhance the heat recovery process attending natural convection effects in phase change heat storage systems. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Multi-tubes heat exchanger Natural convection Phase change material Solidification Thermal energy storage Tubes’ arrangement
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 7489 | EID: 2-s2.0-85119333306

Degradation of anti-inflammatory drugs in synthetic wastewater by solar photocatalysis

2021
Al-Jemeli M.; Mahmoud M.A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Abid M.F.; Abdullah H.M.; Abdulrazak A.A.
Catalysts , Vol. 11 (11)
13 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20734344
Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Alhikma University College, Baghdad, 10015, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Oil Refinery Department, AlMustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
Due to the high number of anti-inflammatory drugs (AIMDs) used by the public health sector in Iraq and distributed all over the country and due to their toxicity, there is a need for an environmental-friendly technique to degrade any wasted (AIMD) present in aquatic ecosystem. The degradation of diclofenac sodium (DCF), ibuprofen (IBN), and mefenamic acid (MFA) in synthetic hospital wastewater were investigated utilizing locally-made Cu-coated TiO2 nanoparticles in a so-lar-irradiated reactor. Different key variables were studied for their effects on process efficiency, such as loadings of catalyst (C CU-TiO2 = 100–500 mg/L), AIMDs (100 µg/L), pH (4–9), and hydrogen peroxide (CH2O2 = 200–800 mg/L). The results revealed that degradation percentages of 96.5, 94.2, and 82.3%, were obtained for DCF, IBN, and MFA, respectively, using our Cu-coated TiO2 catalyst within 65 min at pH = 9, while other parameters were C CU-TiO2 = 300 mg/L, and CH2O2 = 400 mg/L. The experimental results revealed coupling photocatalysis with solar irradiation as a clean energy source could be utilized for the degradation of toxic pollutants in surface water. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Anti-inflammatory drugs Photocatalysis Solar reactor Wastewater
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 1330 | EID: 2-s2.0-85118200279

Performance analysis of a solar cooling system with equal and unequal adsorption/desorption operating time

2021
Lattieff F.A.; Atiya M.A.; Mahdi J.M.; Majdi H.Sh.; Talebizadehsardari P.; Yaïci W.
Energies , Vol. 14 (20)
12 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19961073
Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Al-Khawarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, K1A 1M1, ON, Canada
In solar-thermal adsorption/desorption processes, it is not always possible to preserve equal operating times for the adsorption/desorption modes due to the fluctuating supply nature of the source which largely affects the system’s operating conditions. This paper seeks to examine the impact of adopting unequal adsorption/desorption times on the entire cooling performance of solar adsorption systems. A cooling system with silica gel–water as adsorbent-adsorbate pair has been built and tested under the climatic condition of Iraq. A mathematical model has been established to predict the system performance, and the results are successfully validated via the experimental findings. The results show that, the system can be operational at the unequal adsorption/desorption times. The performance of the system with equal time is almost twice that of the unequal one. The roles of adsorption velocity, adsorption capacity, overall heat transfer coefficient, and the performance of the cooling system are also evaluated. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption modeling Silica-gel-water Solar cooling Solar energy
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 6749 | EID: 2-s2.0-85117355876

Enhancement Of Energy Transfer Efficiency For Photovoltaic (Pv) Systems By Cooling The Panel Surfaces

2021
Majdi H.S.; Mashkour M.A.; Habeeb L.J.; Sabry A.H.
Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies , Vol. 4 (8-112), pp. 83-89
9 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17293774
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Babil, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Al-Sina'a str.,Tel Muhammad, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Al-Sina'a str.,Tel Muhammad, Baghdad, 19006, Iraq; Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
The thermal coefficient of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel is a value that is provided with its specification sheet and tells us precisely the drop in panel performance with rising temperature. In desert climates, the PV panel temperatures are known to reach above 70 degrees centigrade. Exploring effective methods of increasing energy transfer efficiency is the issue that attracts researchers nowadays, which also contributes to reducing the cost of using solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with storage batteries. Temperature handling of solar PV modules is one of the techniques that improve the performance of such systems by cooling the bottom surface of the PV panels. This study initially reviews the effective methods of cooling the solar modules to select a proper, cost-effective, and easy to implement one. An active fan-based cooling method is considered in this research to make ventilation underneath the solar module. A portion of the output power at a prespecified high level of battery state-of-charge (SOC) is used to feed the fans. The developed comparator circuit is used to control the power ON/OFF of the fans. A Matlab-based simulation is employed to demonstrate the power rate improvements and that consumed by the fans. The results of simulations show that the presented approach can achieve significant improvements in the efficiency of PV systems that have storage batteries. The proposed method is demonstrated and evaluated for a 1.62 kW PV system. It is found from a simultaneous practical experiment on two identical PV panels of 180 W over a full day that the energy with the cooling system was 823.4 Wh, while that without cooling was 676 Wh. The adopted approach can play a role in enhancing energy sustainability © 2021. Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license
الكلمات المفتاحية: cooling techniques passive air cooling solar photovoltaic PV temperature effects on PV thermal simulation
DOI Scopus
Technology Center | EID: 2-s2.0-85117730246

Experimental characterization of dynamic behavior of single bubble breakage in an agitated tank

2021
Hasan B.O.; Hamad M.F.; Majdi H.S.; Hathal M.M.
European Journal of Mechanics, B/Fluids , Vol. 85, pp. 430-443
9 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09977546
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq
Experimental tests for characterizing bubble breakage dynamics in different locations of a stirred tank with a 6-bladed impeller were carried out for a range of impeller Reynolds number (Re) using water as a continuous phase. The dynamic behavior of the bubble from the injection point until arriving at the impeller region was studied by using a high speed imaging method. The deformation behavior, local breakage probability, and the local number of daughter bubbles produced from the injection point until crossing the impeller region were quantified for the whole range of power input. The dominant breakage mechanisms at different locations in the stirred tank were identified and discussed. The results revealed that during the bubble's motion in the turbulent field, it experiences different scales of deformation depending on the location of the bubble. Highly deformed shapes were observed in the injection and impeller regions due to the bubble's interaction with turbulent eddies. Three distinct regions between the injection position and the impeller region were observed in which different breakage mechanisms were found to govern the breakage behavior including turbulent fluctuation, shear forces, and bubble collision with the blade. High breakage probability was observed in front of the blade's tip, with about 90% occurring within a distance of 0.35Ri from the blade's tip (Ri is the impeller radius). In the impeller region, around 20% of the breakages occurred above the impeller close to the blade's top, while the breakage percentage below the impeller was very small (2% as a maximum). The breakage probability and the number of daughter bubbles increased with increasing Re with a dependence of 1.3. © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS
الكلمات المفتاحية: Breakage mechanism Bubble breakage Deformation Local breakage Stirred tank
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85096664276

The effect of temperature on electrical energy production in double chamber microbial fuel cell using different electrode materials

2021
Hamed M.S.; Majdi H.S.; Hasan B.O.
Materials Today: Proceedings , Vol. 42, pp. 3018-3021
8 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 22147853
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq
The use of fossil fuels, especially oil and gas, has accelerated in recent years, contributing to a global energy crisis in turn. To alleviate the ongoing global warming problem, green bioenergy is one way. Without any net carbon emissions, there is a strong need for new energy generation from renewable resources. In this work, the effect of temperature on the produced electrical energy in a double chamber microbial fuel cell was investigated. Nickel, Stainless steel, Brass, and Graphite electrodes were used. Yeast microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) have been used at a concentration of 2g/L to generate electric current and electrode generating capacities have been tested for temperature (25-40 °C). It was found that the current created for all the electrodes increases as the temperature increases, but at high temperatures, the activity of microorganisms decreases leading to a decrease in the current produced. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Electrode material Energy Fuel cell Microbial Temperature
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85103999275

Desalination of agricultural wastewater by solar adsorption system: A numerical study

2021
Alrubaiea J.F.; Latteiff F.A.; Mahdi J.M.; Atiya M.A.; Majdi H.Sh.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development , Vol. 10 (4), pp. 901-910
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22524940
Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Al-Khawarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
There are still areas around the world suffer from severe shortage of freshwater supplies. Desalination technologies are not widely used due to their high energy usage, cost, and environmental damaging effects. In this study, a mathematical model of single-bed adsorption desalination system using silica gel-water as working pair is developed and validated via earlier experiments. A very good match between the model predictions and the experimental results is recorded. The objective is to reveal the factors affecting the productivity of fresh water and cooling effect in the solar adsorption system. The proposed model is setup for solving within the commercially-available software (Engineering Equation Solver). It is implemented to solve the mass and heat balance equations for the adsorbent bed, condenser, and evaporator components. At a typical temperature of 89 °C and flow rate of 30 m3 /sec for the hot water entering the bed, the following results are reported: (a) the specific daily water production of 1.89 m3 /ton of silica gel/ day, (b) coefficient of performance of 0.32, and (c) specific cooling power of 40.82 W/kg of silica gel. The concentration of salt (X) in the product (desalinated water) has been set with value of 0.5 gm/kg to be suitable for drinking and irrigation. The salt concentration in the evaporator is estimated to be 4.611 gm/kg during the overall adsorption process. The results from this study should be of wide interest for the field of solar water desalination and air-conditioning. © 2021. The Authors. Published by CBIORE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adsorption Agricultural wastewater Numerical modelling Single bed Solar desalination
DOI Scopus
Diponegoro university Indonesia - Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) | EID: 2-s2.0-85114719564

Performance evaluation of a solar water heater integrated with built-In thermal energy storage via porous media

2021
Majdi H.S.; Abed A.M.; Habeeb L.J.
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer , Vol. 17
7 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21518629
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Air conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq
The present work presents and analyzes the results acquired from outdoor experimental measurements of a solar latent heat storage unit integrated with built-in thermal energy storage at the presence and absence of porous media. The tank consists of a porous media part, a packed of glass beds, and the fluid flowing through the void space surrounding the porous glass beds. The porous tanks were filled by 1.68 mm glass beds to form bed heights (h) of 10 and 20 cm. Results show that the maximum thermal storage of 110 min is achieved in hot flow rate qh=4 LPM, cold flow rate qc=5 LPM and h=20 cm, while the same flow rates of the case of absence porous media gives 90 min of thermal storage time. The same enhancement was achieved in case of qh=2 LPM, qc=2 LPM and h = 20 cm during heating process due to heat transfer resistance by mean of porous media. © 2021, Global Digital Central. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Evacuated tube solar collector Porous media Thermal storage tank
DOI Scopus
Global Digital Central | Art. 6 | EID: 2-s2.0-85116414956

Effect of fibrous porous material on natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal circular cylinder located in a square enclosure

2021
Majdi H.S.; Mohammed A.A.; Mohammed A.A.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Thermal Engineering , Vol. 7 (6), pp. 1468-1478
6 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21487847
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
A numerical simulation study was carried out to investigate a steady two-dimensional laminar natural convective heat transfer from a uniformly heated inner circular cylinder placed inside an air-filled square enclosure with a porous material. The enclosure's side and upper walls were isothermal, while the bottom wall was adiabatic. All the numerical calculations were performed in the range of Rayleigh numbers between 103 and 107. The material porosity (e), the solid to fluid thermal conductivity ratio (k), and Darcy number in the present study were 1.0, 0.5, and 0.01, respectively. The results showed that for Rayleigh numbers that are less than 106, the isotherms are almost parallel inside the three cold walls except for the corners of the adiabatic bottom wall. The rates of vertical velocity are higher than the horizontal velocity, especially at higher Grashof numbers. Also, the use of fibrous porous material with low thermal conductivity relative to the fluid thermal conductivity reduces the values of average Nusselt number, in addition to reducing the horizontal and vertical velocities along the horizontal axis. © 2021 Yıldız Technical University. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Natural convection Porous media Square cavity
DOI Scopus
Yildiz Technical University | EID: 2-s2.0-85114784686

Analysis Of Fault Diagnosis Of Dc Motors By Power Consumption Pattern Recognition

2021
Majdi H.S.; Shijer S.S.; Hanfesh A.O.; Habeeb L.J.; Sabry A.H.
Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies , Vol. 5 (5-113), pp. 14-20
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 17293774
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Doctor of Control and Automation Engineering, Department of Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
Early detection of faults in DC motors extends their life and lowers their power usage. There are a vari-ety of traditional and soft computing techniques for detecting faults in DC motors. Many diagnostic tech-niques have been developed in the past to detect such fault-related patterns. These methods for detecting the aforementioned potential failures of motors can be utilized in a variety of scientific and technological domains. Motor Power Pattern Analysis (MPPA) is a technology that analyzes the current and voltage pro-vided to an electric motor using particular patterns and protocols to assess the operational status of the motors without disrupting production. Engineers and researchers, particularly in industries, face a diffi-cult challenge in monitoring spinning types of equip-ment. In this work, we are going to explain how to use the motor power pattern/signature analysis (MPPA) of a power signal driving a servo to find mechanical defects in a gear train. A hardware setup is used to simplify the demonstration of obtaining spectral met-rics from the power consumption signals. A DC motor, a set of metal or nylon drive gears, and a control cir-cuit are employed. The speed control circuit was elim-inated to allow direct monitoring of the DC motor’s current profiles. Infrared (IR) photo-interrupters with a 35 mm diameter, eight-holed, standard servo wheel were employed to gather the tachometer signal at the servo’s output. The mean value of the measurements was 318 V for the healthy profile, while it was 330 V for the faulty gears power data. The proposed power consumption profile analysis approach succeeds to recognize the mechanical faults in the gear-box of a DC servomotor via examining the mean level of the power consumption pattern as well as the extraction of the Power Spectral Density (PSD) through comparing faulty and healthy profiles © 2021, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license
الكلمات المفتاحية: DC servomotor mechan-ical faults monitoring pattern recognition power con-sumption power profile
DOI Scopus
Technology Center | EID: 2-s2.0-85119667813

Enhancement of forced convection heat transfer in tubes and heat exchangers using passive techniques: A review

2021
Mashkour M.A.; Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments , Vol. 44 (3), pp. 208-218
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 10241752
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq; Training and Workshop Centre, University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
Heat transfer is a one of the important process, which is included very large application in all-human life. It can be ranged from conversion, exploitation, and thermal energy recovery in very large industrial application, commercial and domestic applications. It is most important in industrial application and important to be efficient added, transformed and removed. There are several methods of heat transfer; one of importance methods is the forced convection heat transfer. Some of common applications of heat transfer in pharmacy, steam generation condensation process in power plant in diastral application and agricultural product thus there is applications of heat increasing techniques of the forced convection heat transfer. The present paper comprises a review on enhancement of forced convection heat transfer using passive techniques. © 2021 Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Conical ring Forced convection Passive techniques Twisted tape
Scopus
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | EID: 2-s2.0-85101745115

A newly developed empirical predictive model for the dispersed phase (DP) holdup in rotating disc contactors

2021
Al-Rahawi A.M.I.; Noori W.A.; Abdulrahman A.A.; Majdi H.Sh.; Salih I.K.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Mjalli F.S.
ChemEngineering , Vol. 5 (4)
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 23057084
Department of Engineering, GUtech, P.O. Box 1816, Muscat, 130, Oman; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street No. 52, B. O., Baghdad, 35010, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, 123, Oman
Newly novel developed correlations were derived to predict the dispersed phase (DP) holdup in a rotating disc contactor (RDC) extraction column. DP holdup is one of the significant parameters in the design of liquid–liquid contactors and for calculating their production capacity. Despite the availability of quite a large number of holdup prediction correlations for the RDC, most of these correlations are either general in nature or valid for a limited range of operating conditions. This study conducted an experimental and theoretical investigation of the RDC holdup under the influence of varying geometries, including variations in the dispersed phase distributor, speed of the disc, flow rate, and physical characteristics of the system. The analysis revealed that the holdup decreased with an increasing distributor hole diameter and increased with an increasing disc speed and total flow rate. The effect of the physical properties on the holdup was larger than the effect of the disc speed. Using the measurements of over 150 runs, two RDC column holdup predictive models were proposed and evaluated. The first correlation was derived in terms of the distributor hole diameter, operating parameters, system physical properties, and column geometry. The second correlation excluded the column geometry. These correlations, which consider the distributor hole inlet diameter in predicting the DP holdup for an RDC column, were presented for the first time in this study. The predictive capability of these correlations was evaluated via their standard deviation (SD) and mean average percentage error (MAPE). The respective SD and MAPE of the two correlations were 1.7 and 5.2% for the first correlation and 1.6 and 11.4% for the second. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: dispersed phase Extraction Holdup Mathematical modeling Rotating disc contactor
DOI Scopus
MDPI | Art. 79 | EID: 2-s2.0-85120046307
2020
20 بحث

Experimental data on compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity properties of sustainable mortar made with high content of GGBFS and CKD combinations

2020
Majdi H.S.; Shubbar A.A.; Nasr M.S.; Al-Khafaji Z.S.; Jafer H.; Abdulredha M.; Masoodi Z.A.; Sadique M.; Hashim K.
Data in Brief , Vol. 31
58 استشهاد Data paper Open Access English ISSN: 23523409
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al‐Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Building, Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, United Kingdom; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; Babylon Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, 51015, Iraq; Al-Furrat Al-Awsat Distribution Foundation, Ministry of Oil, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq; Ministry of Construction and Housing, National Center for Construction Laboratories (NCCL), Babylon, Iraq
The development in the construction sector and population growth requires an increase in the consumption of construction materials, mainly concrete. Cement is the binder in concrete, so increasing cement production will increase the energy consumed, as well as in the emission of carbon dioxide. This harmful effect of the environment led to the search for alternative materials for cement, as the waste or by-products of other industries is a promising solution in this case. Among these common materials are ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and cement kiln dust (CKD). This dataset describes the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of mortar consisted of high content of GGBS and CKD combinations as a partial substitute for cement (up to 80%) at the ages of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, 90 and 550 days. This dataset can help the researchers to understand the behaviour of GGBS and CKD in high replacement levels for cement during early (1 day) and later ages (550 days). According to this understanding, the authors believe that the data available here can be used to produce more environmentally friendly mortar or concrete mixtures by significantly reducing the amount of cement used by replacing it with waste or by-products of other industries. © 2020 The Author(s)
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cement replacement compressive strength high replacement level ultrasonic pulse velocity
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Inc. | Art. 105961 | EID: 2-s2.0-85087526159

Removal of dye from a leather tanning factory by flat-sheet blend ultrafiltration (UF) membrane

2020
Ghadhban M.Y.; Majdi H.S.; Rashid K.T.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Lakshmi D.S.; Salih I.K.; Figoli A.
Membranes , Vol. 10 (3)
48 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, AlMustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; The Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri Q565+Q8, Kirkuk, Iraq; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Rende, 87030, CS, Italy
In this work, a flat-sheet blend membrane was fabricated by a traditional phase inversion method, using the polymer blends poly phenyl sulfone (PPSU) and polyether sulfone (PES) for the ultrafiltration (UF) application. It was hypothesized that adding PES to the PPSU polymer blend would improve the properties of the PPSU membrane. The effect of the PES concentration on the blend membrane properties was investigated extensively. The characteristics of PPSU-PES blend membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measure, and contaminant (dye) elimination efficiency. This study showed that PES clearly affected the structural formation of the blended membranes. A considerable increase in the average roughness (about 93%) was observed with the addition of 4% PES, with a higher mean pore size accompanied by a rise in the pores’ density on the surface of the membrane. The addition of up to 4% PES had a significant influence on the hydrophilic character of the PPSU-PES membrane, by lowering the value of the contact angle (CA) (i.e., to 56.9◦ ). The performance of the PPSU-PES composite membranes’ UF performance was systematically investigated, and the membrane pure water permeability (PWP) was enhanced by 25% with the addition of 4% PES. The best separation removal factor achieved in the current investigation for dye (Drupel Black NT) was 96.62% for a PPSU-PES (16:4 wt./wt.%) membrane with a 50% feed dye concentration. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Dyes Membrane preparation PES Polymer blend PPSU Wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
MDPI AG | Art. 47 | EID: 2-s2.0-85082014442

Effect of Electrode Material and Hydrodynamics on the Produced Current in Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells

2020
Hamed M.S.; Majdi H.S.; Hasan B.O.
ACS Omega , Vol. 5 (18), pp. 10339-10348
33 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 24701343
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, 64074, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
In recent decades, there has been huge interest in exploring cost-effective and sustainable ways for energy production using fuel cells. In this study, different electrode materials, namely, nickel, stainless steel, brass, and graphite were used to investigate the energy production in double chamber microbial fuel cells. Yeast microorganisms (MOs) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used at different concentrations for electricity production under different operating conditions with glucose as a substrate. The produced current and potential of the electrode were measured for ranges of operating conditions such as MO concentration (1-8 g/L), flow velocity (0-600 rpm), and aeration of the catholyte. It was found that there was a different performance exhibited by each electrode material, with nickel and graphite giving the highest efficiency. Increasing the flow velocity and aeration in the cathode compartment led to increasing the produced current while the flow and aeration in the anode compartment had a negative effect on the produced current. Simultaneous aeration and agitation gave high produced current values, while high agitation with aeration reduced the efficacy. The increased concentration of substrate glucose showed different influences on the produced current depending on electrode materials. © 2020 American Chemical Society.
DOI Scopus
American Chemical Society | EID: 2-s2.0-85085660952

Experimental and theoretical analysis of lead Pb2+ and Cd2+ retention from a single salt using a hollow fiber PES membrane

2020
Hadi S.; Mohammed A.A.; Al-Jubouri S.M.; Abd M.F.; Majdi H.S.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Rashid K.T.; Ibrahim S.S.; Salih I.K.; Figoli A.
Membranes , Vol. 10 (7), pp. 1-25
33 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Environment Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq; Environment Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Environment Geology Department, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, AlMustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Rende, 87030, CS, Italy
The present work reports the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead Pb2+ and cadmium Cd2+ ions from a single salt. This study investigated the effect of operating variables, including pH, types of PES membrane, and feed concentration, on the separation process. The transport parameters and mass transfer coefficient (k) of the membranes were estimated using the combined film theory-solution-diffusion (CFSD), combined film theory-Spiegler-Kedem (CFSK), and combined film theory-finely-porous (CFFP) membrane transport models. Various parameters were used to estimate the enrichment factors, concentration polarization modulus, and Péclet number. The pH values significantly affected the permeation flux of the Pb2+ solution but only had a slight effect on the Cd2+ solution. However, Cd2+ rejection was highly improved by increasing the pH value. The rejection of the PES membranes increased greatly as the heavy metal concentration rose, while the heavy metal concentration moderately affected the permeation flux. The maximum rejection of Pb2+ in a single-salt solution was 99%, 97.5%, and 98% for a feed solution containing 10 mg Pb/L at pH 6, 6.2, and 5.7, for PES1, PES2, and PES3, respectively. The maximum rejection of Cd2+ in single-salt solutions was 78%, 50.2%, and 44% for a feed solution containing 10 mg Cd/L at pH 6.5, 6.2, and 6.5, for PES1, PES2, and PES3, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data using the CFSD, CFSK, and CFFP models showed a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results. The effective membrane thickness and active skin layer thickness were evaluated using the CFFP model, indicating that the Péclet number is important for determining the mechanism of separation by diffusion. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFFP model CFSD model CFSK model Heavy metals Hollow fiber membrane Wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
MDPI AG | Art. 136 | EID: 2-s2.0-85087166346

A systematic framework for optimizing a sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD)

2020
Safi N.N.; Ibrahim S.S.; Zouli N.; Majdi H.S.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Drioli E.; Figoli A.
Membranes , Vol. 10 (10), pp. 1-18
26 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 20770375
Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box 706, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, AlMustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Rende, 87030, CS, Italy
The present work has undertaken a meticulous glance on optimizing the performance of an SGMD configuration utilized a porous poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) membrane. This was carried out by conducting a systematic framework for investigating and optimizing the pertinent parameters such as sweeping gas flow rate, feed temperature, feed concentration and feed flow rate on the permeate flux. For this purpose, the Taguchi method and design of experiment techniques were harnessed to statistically determine optimum operational conditions. Besides that, a comprehensive surface and permeation characterization was conducted against the hand-made membranes. Results showcased that the membrane performance was ultimately controlled by the feed temperature and was nearly (~680) % higher when the temperature raised from 45 to 65◦C. Also, to a lesser extent, the system was dominated by the feed flow rate. As the adopted feed flow rate increases (from 0.2 to 0.6 L/min), around 47.5% increment was bestowed on water permeability characteristics. In contra, 34.5% flux decline was witnessed when higher saline feed concentration (100 g/L) was utilized. In the meantime, with raising the sweeping gas flow rate (from 120 to 300 L/h), the distillate was nearly 129% higher. Based on Taguchi design, the maximum permeate flux (17.3 and 17 kg/m2·h) was secured at 35 g/L, 0.4 L/min, 65◦C and 300 L/h, for both commercial and prepared membranes, respectively. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Desalination Membrane performance Optimization Sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) Taguchi method
DOI Scopus
MDPI AG | Art. 254 | EID: 2-s2.0-85091599643

Effect of impeller geometry on bubble breakage and the contributions of different breakage mechanisms in a stirred tank

2020
Alabdly H.A.; Majdi H.S.; Hamad M.F.; Hathal M.M.; Hasan B.O.
Fluid Dynamics Research , Vol. 52 (6)
10 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 01695983
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq; Department of Environment, Industrial Development and Management, The Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, Iraq
The effect of impeller geometry on bubble breakage in a stirred tank was investigated for a range of impeller Reynolds number (Re) using a high speed imaging method. The bubble dynamic behavior and breakage mechanism were investigated for four different impeller geometries namely, two-flat blades impeller, four-flat blades impeller, four-twisted blades impeller, and two-pinned blades impeller. The performance of each geometry was investigated by determining the breakage probability and number of fragments (daughter bubbles) produced. The contributions of dominant breakage mechanisms for each geometry were specified and discussed by identifying the breakage locations relative to the impeller. Three main breakage mechanisms were observed, namely: bubble collision with the blade, bubble breakage by blade shear, and breakage by turbulent fluctuation away from the blade. The number of fragments by each breakage mechanism was specified for the entire range of Re. The four-flat blades impeller exhibited the highest breakage probability and produced the highest number of fragments. The Pinned blades gave a high performance compared to the smooth blades, especially at higher Re. This is considered to be due to the high turbulence level provided by this type of impeller. The twisted blades impeller showed low bubble breakage probability compared with the other geometries. Breakages by collision with the blades and by shearing effect resulted in a higher number of fragments compared to the breakages caused by turbulent fluctuations. The number of fragments produced by 'collision with blade' exhibited a higher dependence on Re than by 'blade shear' or by 'turbulent fluctuations'. © 2020 The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics and IOP Publishing Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: breakup mechanism bubble breakage hydrodynamics impeller geometry stirred tank
DOI Scopus
IOP Publishing Ltd | Art. 065504 | EID: 2-s2.0-85098285933

Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Buoyancy Driven Flow between Circular Body and Wavy Enclosure Filled with Nanofluid/Porous Medium

2020
Majdi H.S.; Abdulkadhim A.; Abed A.M.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 38 (2), pp. 403-417
9 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
The present work demonstrates the natural convection of two layers filled the space between inner circular cylinder located within wavy enclosure using finite element scheme. The right layer is filled with Ag nano-fluid while the left layer is filled saturated porous media and the same nanofluid. The governing equations of fluid flow and heat transfer (mass, energy and momentum of the fluid) have been formulated in dimensionless form with related initial and boundary conditions the numerical solution include the subdividing the fluid flow domain to two sets of transport equations. The Darcy-Brinkman model was considered for modeling porous media with nano-fluid. The considered dimensionless parameters are Rayleigh number (106≥Ra≥103), Darcy number (10-1≥Da≥10-5), cylinder's radius (0.4≥R≥0.2), circular cylinder vertical position (+0.2≥δ≥-0.2), the number of undulation (3≥N≥0) and nano-particle volume fraction (0.1≥φ≥0). The nanofluid is combining of Ag solid particle and water as a main fluid. The results were presented according to the stream-lines, isotherms, local and the mean of Nusselt number. The results have demonstrated the increasing in the value of the Rayleigh and Darcy numbers as well as nanofluid volume fraction enhances both fluid flow strength and average of heat transfer. It has been concluded that when the number of undulations N = 1 gives better heat transfers enhancement. It is recommended that for better heat transfer average to move the internal circular cylinder with radius (R = 0.2) vertically downward (δ=-0.2) with undulations' number (N=1). © 2020 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Nanofluid Natural convection Porous Position Rayleigh number Undulation number Wavy enclosure
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85090323056

The Rooms Air Conditioning by Cooling the Conventional Water Tank Using Hot Summer Air and Solar Energy

2020
Majdi H.S.; Abd Ali F.A.M.; Habeeb L.J.
International Journal of Heat and Technology , Vol. 38 (2), pp. 472-478
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03928764
Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, 54001, Iraq; Training and Workshops Center, University of Technology, Bagdad, 10001, Iraq
In the present work, an experimental study has been carried out to investigate a method to reduce the water tank temperature and used it in room air condition. The tests were conducted in the hot season (July and August) in Iraq. The results proved that the device succeeded in reducing the water tank temperature to 23℃, which is a low temperature in the summer and kept at this value by continuous work of the device. It was almost constant at the hot afternoon compared to the temperature of the uncooled tank, which reached its temperature at 2:00 pm to about 43℃ and the difference was 46.5%. The dry air temperature of the test room is very close to the temperature of the house room air (30-33) ℃, compared to the ambient temperature (45-50) ℃. Decrease in the relative humidity to (51-45) % for the test room compared with house room (94-90) %. The power consumption of the system is lower than traditional air evaporative cooler in a rate of 67%. © 2020 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Evaporative cooling Heat and mass transfer House water tanks Test room
DOI Scopus
International Information and Engineering Technology Association | EID: 2-s2.0-85092905160

Mixed convection heat transfer of Cuo-H2o nanofluid in a triangular lid-driven cavity with circular inner body

2020
Majdi H.S.; Abed A.M.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments , Vol. 44 (1), pp. 164-175
8 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 10241752
Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Iraq
Combined free-forced convection heat transfer of CuO-H2O nanofluid in a triangular cavity having an insulated circular body has been numerically studied. The top base wall is isothermally heated at Thand moved at a constant speed. While the other walls of triangle are maintained at a cold temperature Tc. Fluent 6.3 commercial program is used to solve the mass, momentum, and energy equations subjected to dimensionless boundary conditions. The present results are compared with the previous results for validation and it is found to be in an excellent agreement. The values of Richardson number taken in this study are 0.1, 1.0, 10. The temperature gradient in Grashof number is fixed at ΔT =10 K. The range of nanoparticles volume fraction extends from φ = 0 to 0.15. It is concluded that the overall and average heat transfer rate increase with increase in nanoparticles volume fraction and decrease in Richardson number. © 2021 Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Adiabatic body Lid-driven Mixed convection Triangular cavity
Scopus
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | EID: 2-s2.0-85103626217

Study on oil fouling in a double pipe heat exchanger with mitigation by a surfactant

2020
Hasan B.O.; Hathal M.M.; Sh Majdi H.
Heat Transfer - Asian Research , Vol. 49 (5), pp. 2645-2658
8 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 10992871
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Fouling of oils on heat exchanger surfaces and pipelines is a common problem in a variety of industrial applications. This is because the oil deposits on the heat transfer surface causes an increase in pressure drop and a decrease in heat exchanger efficiency. In the current work, oil fouling in double pipe heat exchanger was investigated and mitigated using a surface-active agent for the flow of a dispersion fluid containing different dispersed oil fractions in water. The effect of the dispersed oil fraction (5%vol and 10% vol) and temperature (35°C-55°C) on the oil fouling rate was studied and discussed under turbulent flow conditions for both hot and cold fluids. Different amounts of alkylbenzene sulfonate as a surfactant were added to reduce the fouling rate under turbulent flow. It was found that the fouling thermal resistance (Rf) increases when the fluid temperature decreases. The higher the dispersed oil fraction, the higher the Rf for all temperatures due to higher oil deposition. Addition of 0.2%vol to 0.5%vol of alkylbenzene sulfonate caused an appreciable reduction in Rf depending on oil fraction and Reynolds number. The mitigation percent was higher for a lower Reynolds number, reaching up to 96%. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Heat exchanger Mitigation Oil fouling Surfactant Turbulent flow
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Inc | EID: 2-s2.0-85087810812

Experimental and CFD Analysis of Two-Phase Forced Convection Flow in Channels of Various Rib Shapes

2020
Abed A.M.; Kareem D.F.; Majdi H.S.; Abdulkadhim A.
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences , Vol. 77 (1), pp. 36-50
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22897879
Air conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Diwan Affairs Division, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This paper investigates numerically and experimentally heat transfer forced convective two-phase flow (i.e. air and water) over a rectangular ribbed channel with a vertical orientation. Three distinct rib–groove shapes have been examined. Ribs - groove shapes are; Triangle, Trapezoid, and Semi-Trapezoid ribs-groove. The present study has been performed with continuous heat flux through range of water and air superficial inlet velocity values between 0.105 – 0.316m/s, and 0.263 – 1.320 m/s, respectively. Continuity, momentum and energy calculations have been formulated using the Finite Volume Approach (FVM). Results indicate that the triangle rib-groove has the high heat transfer coefficient and lower temperature difference than other cases against a different number of Reynolds. The experimental data has been compared to numerical results for ribs –grooved channel with deviation of about 1.0% - 7.5%. The channel fitted with triangle ribs shows the highest heat transfer, which is about 59% higher than the smooth channel; 56% for trapezoidal rib, and 44% for channel fitted by semi-trapezoidal rib. Finally, the triangle rib-groove gives a better heat transfer improvement value in comparison with trapezoidal and semi trapezoidal rib-groove channel at constant pumping power. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD Rectangular channel Rib-grooves turbulent flow Two-phase flow
DOI Scopus
Penerbit Akademia Baru | EID: 2-s2.0-85097539766

Nanofluid predication of lid driven mixed convection in square cavity with adiabatic elliptic body

2020
Majdi H.S.; Abed A.M.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments , Vol. 44 (1), pp. 151-163
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 10241752
Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Iraq
Numerical investigation of the mixed convection heat transfer of Al2O3water-nanofluid in a square cavity containing an adiabatic elliptic body. The top wall is moved as lid-driven and maintained at Th, while the bottom wall is cooled isothermally at Tc. The stream function-vorticity scheme was used to solve the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. The results were validated by comparison the code results used in the present study with the previous results and found to be in very good agreement. The Richardson number was fixed at 1.0 (mixed convection). The temperature difference values between the hot and cold walls were ΔT=1 and 10. Different values of nanoparticles volume fraction were used (φ =0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15). Two positions of elliptic body were used: horizontal and vertical. Results show that there is a slight effect for changing the position of inner body from horizontal to vertical position on the behavior of streamlines, thermal patterns, skin friction factor and average Nusselt number on the moving top wall. Moreover, the average heat transfer rate increases with increase in nanoparticles volume fraction and temperature gradient. © 2021 Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cavity Driven-lid Elliptic body Mixed convection Square
Scopus
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | EID: 2-s2.0-85103659621

Effect of thermal conductivity of porous media on thermo-fluid fields of free convective flow around a circular cylinder inside a square cavity

2020
Mohammed A.A.; Majdi H.S.; Alwan M.S.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments , Vol. 43 (6), pp. 440-455
5 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 10241752
Al-Nahrain University, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
A steady two-dimensional laminar natural convective heat transfer from a hot inner circular cylinder located in a square cavity filled with air mixed by saturated porous medium has been numerically analyzed to investigate the effect of porous media thermal conductivity on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The study has been presented at a constant radius ratio of 3.5. The bottom wall of the enclosure is insulated, while the other walls are maintained at constant cold temperature. The governing equations and boundary conditions were converted to dimensionless form and solved numerically employing the nodal-based spectral-element method. The computational domain was commonly subdivided roughly into a series of 448 discrete macro-elements. Prandtle number and Darcy number in this study are 0.71 and 0.01, respectively. The study has covered three values of Grashof number, which are 5 × 106, 107, 5 × 107 to ensure that the flow is laminar and justify the steady-state condition. Also, the material porosity (ε) in the present study is 1.0, and the values of the solid to the fluid thermal conductivity ratio (kr) are 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10. No-slip boundary conditions are held along both the inner and the outer walls. The results are presented by streamlines, isotherms, mean Nusselt numbers, velocity development, and temperature development for different parameters of the thermal conductivity ratio, and Grashof number. It is found that increasing the thermal conductivity of fluid at the expense of thermal conductivity of porous material gives strong convection currents on the top of cylinder towards the upper region of cavity and a strong conduction heat transfer at the other regions of enclosure. © 2020 Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Heat Transfer Natural Convection Porous Media Thermal Conductivity Ratio
Scopus
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | EID: 2-s2.0-85091421531

Biofuel addition to kerosene-a way to reduce the level of contamination

2020
Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.; Chaichan M.T.
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences , Vol. 68 (2), pp. 51-57
5 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22897879
Mustaqbal University Collage, Babelon-Hillah, Iraq; Training and Workshops Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Iraq
This study suggests a solution to a substantial dilemma in Iraqi society. The pollutants resulted from Kerosene combustion in the stonemasonry ovens, which emits variable types of pollutants to the air and products. Biofuels produced from edible food wastes have been added to kerosene at different percentages to reduce toxicity levels, most notably the lead portion in kerosene. The results of the study show that the kerosene-biofuel blends are clean and free of lead and sulfur compounds, in addition to the availability of production potential. The use of food wastes in the production of biofuels is an economical solution to waste accumulation. The study was conducted on a stone kiln in Baghdad. Lead ratios were measured in kerosene samples and different proportions of kerosene-biofuels blends. The samples produced in the oven and two cases of the initial and final baking process were also analyzed. The results revealed that the process of mixing biofuels with kerosene reduces the proportion of lead, which is directly proportional to the proportion of biofuels, accompanied by an increase in the relative baking time (ineffective) due to the different calorific value of biofuels. © 2020 PENERBIT AKADEMIA BARU.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Biofuel Edible food wastes Kerosene Lead Stonemasonry furnaces
DOI Scopus
Penerbit Akademia Baru | EID: 2-s2.0-85086791763

Review of analytics tools on traffic for IoT and cloud based network environment

2020
Al-Khafaji H.M.R.; Alomari E.S.; Majdi H.S.
2020 3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology and its Applications, IICETA 2020 , pp. 73-77
3 استشهاد Conference paper English
Al-Mustaqbal University, College Hillah, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Babil, Iraq; College of Science, Wasit University Al-Kut, Department of Physics, Wasit, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University, College Hillah, Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Babil, Iraq
Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the main functions with digital scientific experts to keep the overall situation very safe. After the developments in technology in the recent period, the discovery of malware and suspicious traffic has become a significant concern in the Internet of Things environment. In the other side the researcher, need an infected data to be analyzed, these data help to build a detection and mitigation frameworks and using these types of deep data analysis programs, the data collection programs required by this research will help. For this purpose packet sniffer is used., packet sniffing is important in network monitoring to troubleshot and to log network activities which will benefit both the network Software engineers and network administrators, various types of packet sniffer There are various packet sniffers are available in the market by which we can perform packet sniffing. This paper present an overview of packet sniffing tools in IoT and cloud-based environment. © 2020 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: IoT Security Load Testing Malware Detection Network Performance Testing
DOI Scopus
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. | Art. 9318914 | EID: 2-s2.0-85100455658

Heat transfer for achieving the melting point and super cooling point of phase change materials

2020
Majdi H.S.; Habeeb L.J.
Journal of Green Engineering , Vol. 10 (9), pp. 5886-5901
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 19044720
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon – Hillah, Iraq; Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Experimental and numerical investigation was performed to study the phase change materials (PCMs) behavior. A glass beaker of 100 ml contained 100 g of PCMs (Wax, pure Ca (NO3)2.4H2O and composite of Ca (NO3)2.4H2O: Mg (NO3)2.6H2O) was heated by using water bath and hot plate to reach the temperature above the melting point. The temperature of inside and outside the beaker was recorded by using temperature data-logger for each 1 min. Commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 was used to numerically simulate the thermal storage tank of coiled tube. The present work shows the optimum melting point and super cooling point PCM (two components) for Iraqi climates. The numerical investigation exposed the transient natural convection heat transfer through melting process. The highest thermal storage capacity is observed for C component. © 2020 Alpha Publishers. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: COMSOL multiphysics Heat transfer Melting point Phase changing materials Super cooling point
Scopus
Alpha Publishers | EID: 2-s2.0-85094177072

Three-phase flow over rectangular and semicircular ribbed vertical channel

2020
Habeeb L.J.; Majdi H.S.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments , Vol. 43 (6), pp. 456-471
2 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 10241752
University of Technology / Training and Workshop Center, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical and petroleum industries engineering department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq
Pressure drop in a rectangular and semicircular ribbed-vertical channel was studied for a three-phase fluid flow, water, gasoil, and air. Flow patterns were observed in a transparent channel using a three-phase flow mixture. An experimental rig was constructed. The test channel has designed to get the dimensions of 10 × 3 × 70 cm in order to enable flow visual observation by video and to control the superficial inlet velocities. The superficial velocities were applied within the ranges of 0.16446 - 0.65784 m/s, 0.13154 - 0.65772 m/s, and 1.33675 - 4.01026 m/s for water, gasoil and air, respectively. The hydraulic diameter was 0.04364 m. The experimental pressure drop according to smooth plate were 19% and 33% for channel of semicircular and rectangular ribs, respectively. Lower pressure drop was observed in case of the semicircular rip. When water, gasoil and air superficial velocity increased, the semicircular rip was the best shape to improve the low-pressure drop according to the velocities in the research. © 2020 Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Pressure drop Rectangular rib Semicircular rib Three-phase flow
Scopus
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | EID: 2-s2.0-85091413427

A novel nanocomposite (SR/HA/-nZnO) material for medical application

2020
Majdi H.S.; Saud A.N.; Al-Mamoori M.H.
IFMBE Proceedings , Vol. 77, pp. 333-341
2 استشهاد Conference paper English ISSN: 16800737
Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 40st, Babylon, Iraq; Material Engineering, University of Babylo, Babylon, Iraq
A novel biocomposite material SR/HA/ZnO for maxillofacial prosthetics and jawbone. In this work, hydroxyapatite synthesized by sol-gel technique. Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 used as precursors, and nano ZnO was prepared and modify the surface using Oleic acid to get uniform distribution Within the matrix and reduce nanoparticles agglomeration ZnO. Silicone rubber composites were prepared as a second part by using HA as to increase the biocompatibility, mechanical properties of SR, and to get antibacterial nanocomposites ZnO modified were used. The mechanical properties as a property of tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation, hardness, compressibility, and antibacterial were examined after the addition of HA and ZnO to silicon rubber. The results show the ability to prepare n-ZnO and HA used to enhance the mechanical properties also acts as antimicrobial media for the biocomposite that can be used for prosthetics and jawbone. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Hydroxyapatite Jawbone Maxillofacial prosthetics n-ZnO Silicon rubber
DOI Scopus
Springer | EID: 2-s2.0-85075616256

Experimental and numerical studies of two-phase flow in ribbed periodic vertical channel

2020
Habeeb L.J.; Majdi H.S.
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences , Vol. 68 (1), pp. 34-53
2 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22897879
Training and Workshop Centre, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq
Pressure drop in a ribbed vertical channel was studied for a two-phase (air and water) flow, different shapes of ribs (triangle, semi-circular, and rectangle) were used in this investigation. An experimental rig was constructed with a test channel having the dimensions (10x3x70 cm) that enabled the flow patterns visual observation. An experimental setup of a two-phase was done for the present investigation, as well as a sum of (150) two-phase data with various flow patterns was determined. The used water superficial inlet velocities were in the range (0.0333-0.0888 m/s), and the air superficial inlet velocities were in the range (0.0555-0.1666 m/s). The experimental pressure drop according to a smooth plate was (41%, 38%, and 35%) for a channel fitted with semi-circle, rectangular and triangular ribs, respectively. The less pressure drop recorded was in the triangular ribbed channel, which indicates that the triangular shaped ribbed channel is the finest shape among the studied ones to lower the pressure drop. As future work, the numbers and dimensions of ribs can be changed to investigate its effect on the two-phase flow and the pressure drop, another suggestion for the future investigations is to include other fluid to have a three-phase flow, also the inclination angle of the duct can be changed to study its effect. © 2020 PENERBIT AKADEMIA BARU.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CFD Rectangular ribs Semi-Circular ribs Triangular ribs Two-phase flow
DOI Scopus
Penerbit Akademia Baru | EID: 2-s2.0-85086776047

Case of corrosion control in a closed cooling system

2020
Mustafa M.M.; Hassan S.F.; Majdi H.S.
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Vol. 8 (4), pp. 2450-2458
Article English ISSN: 23034521
Chemical and petroleum industries engineering, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
The cooling system of the food is one of the main essential systems to maintain food quality in the food processing plant. The using of corrosion inhibitor for the cooling systems is a familiar practice to control the corrosion which is happening due to a different kind of parameters like water quality and the type of materials for the cooling system, in this work, the case of adding corrosion and scale inhibitor to a cooling system containing carbon steel and stainless steel and copper was investigated. The inhibitor was mixed of two materials which are (Sodium Tripolyphosphate as a scale inhibitor and Sodium Polyphosphate as a corrosion inhibitor). The results demonstrate that there is an improvement in reducing the corrosion rate for iron after adding the inhibitor, and the copper ions in the solution reduced if the PH values below 9.5. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: cooling system Corrosion inhibitor scale inhibitor Sodium Polyphosphate Sodium Tripolyphosphate
DOI Scopus
International University of Sarajevo | EID: 2-s2.0-85100970030
2019
12 بحث

Numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer in a parallelogramic enclosure having an inner circular cylinder using liquid nanofluid

2019
Majdi H.S.; Abdulkadhim A.; Abed A.M.
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer , Vol. 12
23 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 21518629
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Air conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
Fluid flow and natural convection heat transfer in a parallelogram enclosure with an inner circular cylinder using Cu-water nanofluid are studied numerically. Dimensionless Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved numerically using finite element method based two-dimensional flow and steady-state conditions. This study evaluates the effect of different concentrations of Cu-water nanofluids (0% to 6%) with different Rayleigh numbers 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106 under isotherm wall temperatures. The effects of geometrical parameters of the parallelogram enclosure (inclination angle in range of 0 ≤ α≤ 30 and location of inner circular cylinder-0.2 ≤ H ≤ +0.2 on the flow field and heat transfer are examined. The results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number. It is found that the inclination angle has a significant effect on flow pattern and heat transfer and the inclination angle of 30o at a vertical location H=-0.2 gives better fluid flow strength. Moreover, the maximum heat transfer enhancement is obtained when the circular cylinder moves vertically downward up to H=-0.1 and the inclination angle is 30o. The results also indicate that as the Rayleigh number, nanofluid concentration increase, the rate of heat transfer will increase. © 2019, Global Digital Central. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cylinder Inclination angle Natural convection Parallelogrammic enclosure
DOI Scopus
Global Digital Central | EID: 2-s2.0-85059862663

Synthesis of nano-alumina powder via recrystallization of ammonium alum

2019
Saud A.N.; Majdi H.Sh.; Saud S.N.
Ceramica , Vol. 65 (374), pp. 236-239
19 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 03666913
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Babylon, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babylon, Iraq; Management and Science University, Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, Selangor, Malaysia
In the present study, a recrystallization method was implemented to recover alumina powder from ammonium alum crystal. The ammonium alum was completely dissolved in water and treated by ultra-sonication to prevent the agglomeration of the alum crystal. The white precipitate was dried at 150 °C for 6 h, and calcinations at different temperatures were performed for 2 h. The XRD results indicated the crystalline structure of alumina with two main phases: γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 at 800 and 1200 °C, respectively. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm results indicated that the surface area for the powder in the γ phase, which can be applied in catalysts, was 142.5 m2/g, while, in the α-phase, it was 15.3 m2/g. The morphologies elucidated that the powder particles were widely distributed in the range of ≤160 nm at different calcination temperatures and this may be attributed to increments in the particle agglomeration as the calcination temperature increased. © 2019 Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Alum Alumina Powder Recrystallization method
DOI Scopus
Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica | EID: 2-s2.0-85068473312

Oil fouling in double-pipe heat exchanger under liquid-liquid dispersion and the influence of copper oxide nanofluid

2019
Majdi H.S.; Alabdly H.A.; Hasan B.O.; Hathal M.M.
Heat Transfer - Asian Research , Vol. 48 (5), pp. 1963-1981
13 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 10992871
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
Dispersions of oil in water are encountered in a variety of industrial processes leading to a reduction in the performance of the heat exchangers when thermally treating such two phase fluids. This reduction is mainly due to changes in the thermal and hydrodynamical behavior of the two phase fluid. In the present work, an experimental investigation was performed to study the effects of light oil fouling on the heat transfer coefficient in a double-pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions. The effects of different operating conditions on the fouling rate were investigated including: hot fluid Reynolds number (the dispersion), cold fluid Reynolds number, and time. The oil fouling rate was analyzed by determining the growth of fouling resistance with time and through pressure drop measurements. The influence of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid on the fouling rate in the dispersion was also determined. It was found that the presence of dispersed oil causes a reduction in heat transfer coefficient by percentages depending on the Reynolds number of both cold and hot fluids and the concentration of oil. In addition, the time history of fouling resistance exhibited different trends with the flow rates of both fluids and its trend was influenced appreciably by the presence of CuO nanofluid. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
الكلمات المفتاحية: copper oxide dispersion double-pipe heat exchanger fouling heat transfer nanofluid oil
DOI Scopus
John Wiley and Sons Inc. | EID: 2-s2.0-85067543230

Using KDF material to improve the performance of multi-layers filters in the reduction of chemical and biological pollutants in surface water treatment

2019
Majdi H.S.; Jaafar M.S.; Abed A.M.
South African Journal of Chemical Engineering , Vol. 28, pp. 39-45
12 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 10269185
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Ministry of Science and Technology, Iraq
Multi-layers filters are usually used in conventional water treatment plants to purify water, reduce turbidity, and remove plankton and undesired odours. Multi-layers filter consists of basic layers represented in graded sand and supporting gravel layers. This research aims to study the efficiency of such filters after the addition of new layers made of copper and zinc particles by 50% per each with high purity, which are traditionally called KDF (Kinetic Degradation Fluxion). The purpose of adding such layers is to increase the efficiency of filters in the removal of diverse chemical contaminants of heavy elements (Lead, Nickel, iron, etc.), and chlorine to use them in traditional or advanced filter stations, such reverse osmosis plants or ion exchange water filters. A glass tube was filled with KDF, sand and gravel layers and used as a multi-layer's filter, and tests were carried out on a water sample that has been prepared in the lab with concentration of 2 mg/l for heavy elements and 5 mg/l for chlorine. Flow rates of the tested water sample were 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 l/hr. The results show a very high efficiency of such filters to remove of chlorine from the treated water by 90% and more, while the efficiency of the modified filter to remove lead, nickel and iron was 92%, 88%, and 67% respectively; however, there was no significant records in removing the biological contaminants. © 2019
الكلمات المفتاحية: Chlorine Heavy metals KDF Multi-layers filters Water treatment
DOI Scopus
Elsevier B.V. | EID: 2-s2.0-85062805570

Catalytic Growth of 1D ZnO Nanoneedles on Glass Substrates Through Vapor Transport

2019
Alsultany F.H.; Majdi H.S.; Abd H.R.; Hassan Z.; Ahmed N.M.
Journal of Electronic Materials , Vol. 48 (3), pp. 1660-1668
10 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 03615235
Department of Medical Physics, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Institute of Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
In this study, one-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoneedles are successfully fabricated on a Ag catalyst-coated glass substrate through simple physical vapor deposition via thermal evaporation of zinc (Zn) powder in the presence of oxygen (O 2 ) gas at a low growth temperature of 450°C. The growth rate and diameter of ZnO nanoneedles increase as a function of varying silver (Ag) film thicknesses and argon (Ar) flow rates. Detailed structural investigations confirm that the synthesized nanoneedles have high crystallinity with a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and they preferentially grow along the c-axis orientation. This approach provides a simple and cost-effective method for the synthesis and controlled growth of 1D nanostructures, which can be useful in solid-state devices and various optoelectronic applications. © 2019, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
الكلمات المفتاحية: 1D ZnO structural properties UV emission enhancement x-ray diffraction
DOI Scopus
Springer New York LLC | EID: 2-s2.0-85059855717

Modeling the physical properties of gamma alumina catalyst carrier based on an artificial neural network

2019
Majdi H.S.; Saud A.N.; Saud S.N.
Materials , Vol. 12 (11)
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19961944
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University Collage, Babylon, Iraq; Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40100, Malaysia
Porous γ-alumina is widely used as a catalyst carrier due to its chemical properties. These properties are strongly correlated with the physical properties of the material, such as porosity, density, shrinkage, and surface area. This study presents a technique that is less time consuming than other techniques to predict the values of the above-mentioned physical properties of porous -alumina via an artificial neural network (ANN) numerical model. The experimental data that was implemented was determined based on 30 samples that varied in terms of sintering temperature, yeast concentration, and socking time. Of the 30 experimental samples, 25 samples were used for training purposes, while the other five samples were used for the execution of the experimental procedure. The results showed that the prediction and experimental data were in good agreement, and it was concluded that the proposed model is proficient at providing high accuracy estimation data derived from any complex analytical equation. © 2019 by the authors.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Artificial neural network Catalyst carrier Gel-casting γ-alumina
DOI Scopus
MDPI AG | Art. 1752 | EID: 2-s2.0-85066778078

Comparative study on cas, uct, and mbr configurationfor nutrient removal from hospital wastewater

2019
Al-Ani F.H.; Majdi H.S.; Ali J.M.; Al Rahawi A.M.; Alsalhy Q.F.
Desalination and Water Treatment , Vol. 164, pp. 39-47
8 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 19443994
Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Oil Refinery Department, AlMustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Engineering, German University of Technology (GUtech), Muscat, Oman
In the present study, treatment of hospital wastewater by processes based on different configurations, such as conventional activated carbon (CAS), University of Cape Town (UCT), and membrane bioreactor (MBR), was explored under the same operational conditions. The findings indicated that MBR was significantly more efficient than CAS and UCT in the removal of the total suspended solids (TSS). The MBR removal efficiency reached nearly 100% during the time designated for this process, whereby the remaining effluent quantity was below 1 mg/l. The difference in the expulsion efficiencies of the three studied configurations was attributed to the evacuation of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) using the membrane and MLSS, which was present in high concentration in the MBR system. Generally, MBRs are efficient at disposing COD through membrane separation in hospital wastewater treatment. In the experiments, NH3 removal rate of 38.13% was noted for CAS, while 84.98% was obtained for the UCT configuration, and 43.75% was measured for the MBR system when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) = 8 h and solid retention time (SRT) = 25 d. The effluent water quality of MBR system remained stable and was not affected by fluctuations in the influent quality, which was not the case for the CAS system. © 2019 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: CAS Flat-sheet membrane MBR PVC UCT Wastewater treatment
DOI Scopus
Desalination Publications | EID: 2-s2.0-85074970564

Secured Environment for Cloud Integrated Fog and Mist Architecture

2019
Ridha Al-Khafaji H.M.; Saleh Alomari E.; Majdi H.S.
Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics, EExPolytech 2019 , pp. 112-116
6 استشهاد Conference paper English
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq; Wasit University, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Al-Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
One of the most overgrown research domains is Fog computing in which cloud services are strikingly extended to the network's edge, simultaneously inducing likelihood of computations, communications, as well as storage services in nearness to the end use in order to get adapted to the issues of low transfer speed, high latency and network congestion towards maximum network throughput specifically with the rapid growth in demands in the Internet of Things (IoT). The primary concern of research community is dedicated to development of security lightweight cryptography approaches in the middleware of mobile cloud. This exploration study aims to explore enormous points of view of Fog computing based IoT applications execution and processing security and trustworthiness from perspective of performance testing based models. The study also improves the design issues of security and testing in correspondence to IoT through efficient utilization of IoT paradigms. The proposed solution has been compared to measurable modules and noted that using iFogSim has the most secure environment to perform the topologies for Fog and Mist computing. © 2019 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Cloud of Things Fog Computing iFogSim Internet of Things Mist Computing
DOI Scopus
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. | Art. 8906885 | EID: 2-s2.0-85076305626

Heat and mass transfer investigation in a single slope passive solar still using chemical additives

2019
Majdi H.S.; Mohammed A.A.; Alguboori A.R.; Habeeb L.J.
NICST 2019 - 1st Al-Noor International Conference for Science and Technology , pp. 20-25
4 استشهاد Conference paper English
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Engineering Department, Hillah, Iraq; Mustansiriyah University, Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering, Iraq; University of Technology, Training and Workshop Center, Iraq
The heat and mass transfer in a solar still with a single cover angle located in Baghdad has been investigated experimentally in order to increase its efficiency and productivity. The experimental setup was fabricated using a galvanized iron sheet, with all of its sides are made from the same material and covered by a transparent glass of a 3 mm thickness. To reduce the vapor leakage to the surroundings, the solar still was sealed. The experimental tests were carried out for several months from January to June. The effect of concentrator, and the coal and chemical additives on the performance and productivity of the solar still were studied at the same time. Three depths (1, 2 and 3 cm) within the basin were tested to investigate the influence of water depth on the still productivity in close weather conditions. The experimental data indicated that the productivity and the efficiency of the still increased by 40% and 37%, respectively, in comparison with still without concentrator, and the productivity and the efficiency increased by 14% and 16%, respectively using Metilen blue. Through the study, it was noted that the reduction in the depth of the water in the basin distiller leads to an increase in the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. © 2019 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Basin water depth Chemical additives Concentrates Desalination Productivity
DOI Scopus
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. | Art. 9043824 | EID: 2-s2.0-85083217282

Energy performance of 5G backhaul wireless network utilizing hybrid centric-distributed architecture

2019
Al-Khafaji H.M.R.; Majdi H.S.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vol. 16 (3), pp. 1343-1348
1 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 25024752
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
This paper scrutinizes the influence of deployment scenarios on the energy performance of fifth-generation (5G) network at various backhaul wireless frequency bands. An innovative network architecture, the hybrid centric-distributed, is employed and its energy efficiency (EE) model is analyzed. The obtained results confirm that the EE of the 5G network increases with an increasing number of small cells and degrades with an increasing frequency of wireless backhaul and radius of small cells regardless of the network architectures. Moreover, the hybrid centric-distributed architecture augments the EE when compared with the distributed architecture. Copyright © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: 5G Backhaul traffic Energy efficiency Mm-wave bands Small cells
DOI Scopus
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science | EID: 2-s2.0-85073523082

Numerical simulation of the partial thermal zones influence on natural convection heat transfer inside enclosure filled with nanofluids

2019
Majdi H.S.; Abdulkadhim A.; Abed A.M.; Fadhil D.
JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , Vol. 16 (1), pp. 149-166
1 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09735763
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
This study examined numerically the natural convection heat transfer in enclosure filled with various types of nanofluids with partial active walls. The governing equations of Navier-Stokes and energy have been solved using finite element method. Two cases of thermal active walls are considered for various Rayleigh numbers 10 3 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 6 , nanofluid type like Cu, Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 and aspect ratio 0.5 ≤ AR ≤ 2. The left sidewall is partially cooled while the right sidewall is partially heated. The other walls and remaining portions are considered adiabatic. Depending upon the location of active zones, various cases can be considered. In this work, we limited into two different cases: top-bottom (case-1) and bottom-top (case-2) active walls. The numerical programme is validated with significant researchers in terms of average Nusselt number to obtain the accuracy of the programme. The results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number. The obtained results indicate that case-1 gives better heat transfer characteristic in a comparison with case-2. Also, Cu gives better heat transfer rate with other two types. It is obtained that as the aspect ratio increases, the mean Nusselt number decreases in both the cases. © 2019 Pushpa Publishing House, Prayagraj, India.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Case-1 Case-2 Finite element method Nanofluid Natural convection
DOI Scopus
Pushpa Publishing House | EID: 2-s2.0-85062397846

Effect (Sn2P2S6) Nanoparticles on Electre-Optic Properties of Silozane Polymer

2019
Ammar K.A.; Majdi H.S.; Rafied M.
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Vol. 14 (Special Issue 9), pp. 10700-10705
Article Open Access English ISSN: 18196608
Almustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq; Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Babylon University, Hillah, Iraq
In this study, A series of polymers focused on photovoltaic properties with different molecular weights based on the polysiloxane spine. The reason for reducing molecular weight will reduce the temperature of phase transmission and ultimately to destabilize the stage of infection as well as reducing the observed voltage also reduces, the molecular weight of the polymer. Sn2P2S6 is a multi-stage nanoparticle with repeated ranges of nanoparticles between the different phases in which the material is formed which are also liquid crystals. This is due to be an increase in internal elasticity of aliquid crystals where was found there is a strong coupling between the mesogenic chain and a polymer series and the elasticity of the polymer chain has a strong and effective effect on electrical properties. The direction order of the direction of the mesoginic units is based on a temperature similar to the molecular weight of a polymer that the size of a parameter of demand is most lower. Molecular weight increases polymer change and leads to changes in dynamic response but these time scales are dominated by effects at different temperatures and molecular weight as well. © 2019 Medwell Journals. All Rights Reserved.
الكلمات المفتاحية: electro-optic properties Liquid crystal polymers multi-stage photovoltaic polysiloxane Sn2P2S6
DOI Scopus
Asian Research Publishing Network | EID: 2-s2.0-85109132809
2018
5 بحث

Numerical analysis of flow and heat transfer enhancement in a horizontal pipe with P-TT and V-Cut twisted tape

2018
Abed A.M.; Sh Majdi H.; Hussein Z.; Fadhil D.; Abdulkadhim A.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 12, pp. 749-758
50 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
In this work, forced convection heat transfer through a horizontal pipe built-in with/without twisted tape-inserts is numerically studied under a uniform heat flux condition. Water is used as a working fluid. The governing equations are numerically solved in the domain by a finite volume method (FVM) using the Realizable κ-ϵ (RKE) model. The computational results are performed for a range of the Reynolds number (4000≤ Re ≤ 9000), the twisted ratio (4.0 ≤ TR ≤ 6.0), and heat flux (5000 ≤ q ≤ 1000 W/m2). Two type of twisted tape which inserts across a circular pipe (P-TT) and (V-cut) are carried out. The influence of these parameters on the local, average Nusselt Number and the thermal performances were examined and compared with a plain pipe under similar conditions. The results show that the average Nusselt number and friction factor raise as the twisted ratio rise for any value of Reynolds number. Furthermore, thermal performance factor tended to increase with increasing Re and decreasing tape twist ratio. Obviously, the (V-cut) twisted- tape and (P-TT) twisted tape with TR = 4 gave a higher mean thermal performance factor (4.45, and 4.19) than that with TR = 6, respectively. Finally, the present study can offer some useful results to select optimum geometrical parameters for use in shell and tube heat exchangers with a twisted tape inserted based on their specific applications. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Enhancement heat transfer Friction factor P-TT twisted tape V-cut
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85055418597

Effect of pH, water percentage and surfactant percentage on stability of water in diesel emulsion

2018
Alsaadi M.A.; Majdi H.S.; Alsalhy Q.F.; Yehye W.A.; Marwan Q.; Betar B.O.; Omar K.M.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering , Vol. 454 (1)
4 استشهاد Conference paper Open Access English ISSN: 17578981
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), IPS Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; National Department of Materials Sciences and Metallurgy, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa, Oman; Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street No. 52, Baghdad, B. O. 35010, Iraq
Water-in-diesel system is one of the most conceptual promising proposed solutions to overcome nitrogen oxide and smoke emission which environmental harmfully produced from using conventional fuel systems. Stability of water-in-diesel emulsion (WIDE) is a major issue in applying this system. In this research, stability of WIDE was investigated by using two surfactants, namely, Span 20 and Tween 85. Two stages of experimental investigation were conducted. The first stage was a screening to select the proper surfactant and mixing time to obtain the best emulsification. Span 20 was found to give higher stability as compared to that of tween 85. In addition, WIDE showed higher stability when the mixing time was thirty minutes. The second stage, response surface method (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) were applied for modelling and optimization of WIDE mixing conditions. Three parameters (water/diesel percentage, surfactant percentage and pH value) were studied in this technique to obtain the optimum stability. ANOVA analysis showed that the model was significant and the water percentage of 5% and surfactant percentage of 1% showed the highest emulsion stability. pH affected on WIDE system under mild acidic and alkali conditions. The results showed that the pH plays an important role for the stability of WIDE. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
DOI Scopus
Institute of Physics Publishing | Art. 012097 | EID: 2-s2.0-85059030141

Optimization of ceramic thermal insulation behavior using the genetic algorithm

2018
Saud A.N.; Majdi H.S.; Saud S.N.
Annales de Chimie: Science des Materiaux , Vol. 42 (2), pp. 269-279
3 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 01519107
Dep. of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University Collage, Babylon, Iraq; Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
The modified alumina has been classified as one of the best thermal insulation materials that able to reduce the solar radiation and enhance the working environment and thus, reduce the energy consumption. This paper emphasis the effect of the multi-variables, such as yeast cell ratio, pressing load, sintering temperatures, and socking time on the lower thermal conductivity of the modified alumina. The ceramic thermal insulation was prepared by semi-dry pressing method using alumina with different amount of the bioactive yeast cell as a pore-forming agent and 3 wt.% sugar. The optimization process was carried out via a genetic algorithm for 61 samples according to the chromosome-based. The microstructure results revealed that there are two types of pores were observed; micro and meso size pores. Furthermore, it was also found by depending on the analyzed input data that the thermal conductivity of 2.5× 10-1 watt/m. °C was acquired at the optimal variables of 1200 °C, 19.4 %, 66 MPa, 1.5 hrs. as sintering temperature, yeast cell, pressing load, and socking time, respectively. © 2018 Lavoisier.
الكلمات المفتاحية: alumina genetic algorithm. semi-dry pressing thermal insulation
DOI Scopus
Lavoisier | EID: 2-s2.0-85061603847

A high throughput architecture for 5g wireless backhaul networks

2018
Al-Khafaji H.M.R.; Majdi H.S.
Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics, EExPolytech 2018 , pp. 9-12
2 استشهاد Conference paper English
Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, Iraq; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
In this paper, the authors present a new network architecture based on the adaptation of small cells and millimeter wave (mm-wave) links for fifth-generation (5G) wireless backhaul networks. Besides, the throughput of 5G wireless backhaul networks is compared for several number of small cells, spectral efficiency (SE), and deployment scenarios. The results confirm that the proposed approach is high throughput solution compared to typical central and distribution network architectures. © 2018 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: backhaul throughput Fifth-generation (5G) millimeter wave (mm-wave) small cells
DOI Scopus
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. | Art. 8564444 | EID: 2-s2.0-85060227585

Enabling Techniques for 10 Gbps Long-Haul Transmission in Non-Coherent OCDMA Systems

2018
Meqdad M.N.; Majdi H.S.
9th International Symposium on Telecommunication: With Emphasis on Information and Communication Technology, IST 2018 , pp. 457-459
1 استشهاد Conference paper English
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
This paper is concerning with the combination of two enhanced techniques to investigate the system efficiency of non-coherent spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) that based upon zero cross correlation (ZCC) codes. These techniques are: The usage of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) method and the utilization of two code keying scheme. The outcomes obtained from OptiSystem simulator prove that the combination of these approaches enables a 5-channel non-coherent SAC-OCDMA system to transmit a data rate of 10 Gbps over 93 km distance at acceptable bit error rate (BER). © 2018 IEEE.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Optical Code Division Multiple Access Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Spectral Amplitude Coding Two Code Keying Scheme
DOI Scopus
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. | Art. 8661001 | EID: 2-s2.0-85063909562
2017
2 بحث

Enhancement aspects of single stage absorption cooling cycle: A detailed review

2017
Abed A.M.; Alghoul M.A.; Sopian K.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Shamani A.N.; Muftah A.F.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , Vol. 77, pp. 1010-1045
63 استشهاد Review English ISSN: 13640321
Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Air conditioning and Refrigeration, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, 13109, Kuwait; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRERE), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Multiple simulations, experiments, and review studies on absorption cooling technology and cycles were conducted over the past few decades. However, the absorption cooling systems are not seen as competitive against more established vapor compression systems. Therefore, further research and development (R&D) are needed to enable absorption cooling technology to compete with vapor compression technology via the development of energy efficient, cost effective, environmentally friendly, and compact size systems. This study reviews the R&D enhancement aspects of single-stage absorption cooling cycles in terms of subcomponents, supported components added to the absorption cycle, internal energy recovery, and working fluids options. The R&D efforts on single-stage absorption cycles are detailed in a rich and simple presentation to provide a base for further modifications in the future, i.e., towards the optimization of the design geometry of distillation column inside within the generator, towards using adjustable ejector to work under actual operating conditions, applying new streamlines re-arrangements as a passive heat recovery technique, combination of internal heat recovery and superior (non-conventional) working fluids, and finally the addition of nanoparticles into the working fluid to optimize the duty of the generator. The outcome(s) of this study are detailed in the lessons-learned section, and future research priorities are highlighted in conclusion section. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
الكلمات المفتاحية: Enhancement options of working fluids Internal heat recovery (streamlines re-arrangement) Performance enhancement Single stage absorption cooling cycle Sub-component/supported components
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85008330569

Study of heat of hydration of Portland cement used in Iraq

2017
Abbas Z.H.; Majdi H.S.
Case Studies in Construction Materials , Vol. 7, pp. 154-162
46 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 22145095
Chemical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq; College of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Iraq
This study aims to obtain the heat generated from cement hydration, effect of chemical properties and curing temperature on heat of hydration. Ordinary Portland cement used from different plants, which were north (COP-1), middle (COP-2) and south (COP-3) of Iraq. Two water to cement ratios (w\c) (0.4 & 0.6) and four levels of curing temperature (25°, 30°,40° and 50 °C) were used. The experimental results showed that the optimum heat generation from hydration of cement was from (COP-1) cement, then (COP-2) cement and finally (COP-3) cement. Also the causes of variation were discussed. © 2017 The Authors
الكلمات المفتاحية: (COP-1) (COP-2) (COP-3) cement Cement paste Heat of hydration
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-85025643749
2016
2 بحث

Performance evaluation of combined ejector LiBr/H2O absorption cooling cycle

2016
Majdi H.Sh.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering , Vol. 7, pp. 25-35
29 استشهاد Article Open Access English ISSN: 2214157X
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
The objective of this work is to develop a computer simulation program to evaluate the performance of solar-assited combined ejector absorption (single-effect) cooling system using LiBr/H2O as a working fluid and operating under steady-state conditions. The ejector possess no moving parts and is simple and reliable, which makes it attractive for combination with single-stage absorption cycle for further improvement to the system's performance. In this research, improvement to the system is achieved by utilizing the potential kinetic energy of the ejector to enhance refrigeration efficiency. The effects of the entrainment ratio of the ejector, operating temperature, on the thermal loads, and system performance have been investigated. The results showed that the evaporator and condenser loads, post-addition of the ejector, is found to be permanently higher than that in the basic cycle, which indicates a significant enhancement of the proposed cycle and the cooling capacity of the system increasing with the increase in evaporator temperature and entrainment ratio. The COP of the modified cycle is improved by up to 60 % compared with that of the basic cycle at the given condition. This process stabilizes the refrigeration system, enhanced its function, and enabled the system to work under higher condenser temperatures. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Combined ejector absorption cycle Enhance COP Improved refrigerant quality LiBr/H<sub>2</sub>O absorption system
DOI Scopus
Elsevier Ltd | EID: 2-s2.0-84955237910

A new optimization approach for shell and tube heat exchangers by using electromagnetism-like algorithm (EM)

2016
Abed A.M.; Abed I.A.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Shamani A.N.; Sopian K.
Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung , Vol. 52 (12), pp. 2621-2634
13 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 09477411
Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Engineering Technical College Basrah, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq
This study proposes a new procedure for optimal design of shell and tube heat exchangers. The electromagnetism-like algorithm is applied to save on heat exchanger capital cost and designing a compact, high performance heat exchanger with effective use of the allowable pressure drop (cost of the pump). An optimization algorithm is then utilized to determine the optimal values of both geometric design parameters and maximum allowable pressure drop by pursuing the minimization of a total cost function. A computer code is developed for the optimal shell and tube heat exchangers. Different test cases are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness and ability of the proposed algorithm. Results are also compared with those obtained by other approaches available in the literature. The comparisons indicate that a proposed design procedure can be successfully applied in the optimal design of shell and tube heat exchangers. In particular, in the examined cases a reduction of total costs up to 30, 29, and 56.15 % compared with the original design and up to 18, 5.5 and 7.4 % compared with other approaches for case study 1, 2 and 3 respectively, are observed. In this work, economic optimization resulting from the proposed design procedure are relevant especially when the size/volume is critical for high performance and compact unit, moderate volume and cost are needed. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
DOI Scopus
Springer Verlag | EID: 2-s2.0-84957703167
2015
1 بحث

Design characteristics of corrugated trapezoidal plate heat exchangers using nanofluids

2015
Abed A.M.; Alghoul M.A.; Sopian K.; Mohammed H.A.; Majdi H.S.; Al-Shamani A.N.
Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification , Vol. 87, pp. 88-103
90 استشهاد Article English ISSN: 02552701
Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Air conditioning and Refrigeration, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Departments of Thermofluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
In this paper, fully developed turbulent flow and heat transfer behavior in trapezoidal channels using nanofluids are numerically studied. This study evaluates the effects of four different types of nanoparticles, Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and ZnO, with different volume fractions (0-4%) and diameters (20-80nm) under constant heat flux (6kW/m2). The effects of geometrical parameters (wavy amplitudes, longitudinal pitch) of the trapezoidal channel on the thermal and flow fields are also examined. The results indicated that SiO2 has the highest Nusselt number among the nanofluids. Enhancement of heat transfer increases with particle volume concentration, but a slight increase in pressure loss with decreasing nanoparticle diameter is also observed. When nanofluids are used in a forced convection, 10% increase in average Nusselt number is observed for nanoparticles with a diameter of 20nm and at 4vol.%. Analysis of the flow and heat transfer in a corrugated trapezoidal channel is made based on the comprehensive evaluation factor J/f. The optimum (J/f) enhancement shows that the CuO nanofluid, lower concentration ratio of nanoparticles, trapezoidal height of 2.5mm and a longitudinal pitch of 6mm are the most desirable parameters for saving energy. Using nanofluids with a corrugated channel can improve the thermal performance because it can lead to more compact heat exchangers. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
الكلمات المفتاحية: Corrugated trapezoidal channel Heat exchangers Heat transfer Nanofluids
DOI Scopus
Elsevier | EID: 2-s2.0-84920286364