بحوث سكوبس — باسم محمد جبار حاتمي

Background: This study aimed to assess the collateral effects and safety of dexmedetomidine (Dex) during and one day after surgery in Iranian patients undergoing open heart surgery, to expand the clinical applications of Dex in Iran. Methods: This pilot study was conducted in Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran, in 2024. Both male and female participants undergoing open heart surgery were randomly assigned to either the Dex group (n = 10), receiving 0.5 µg/kg/h along with standard anesthesia management, or the control group (n = 10). The primary outcome was the percentage of patients experiencing adverse events. Secondary outcomes included the stability of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, the occurrence of arrhythmias, and biological changes assessed during and 24 hours after surgery. Results: Out of 45 participants, 20 were enrolled and analyzed. The comparison between groups showed that observed adverse effects were higher in the control group (4 patients) compared to the Dex group (1 patient), with common events being hypotension, bradycardia, and tachycardia. Biological markers, such as lactate and blood sugar (BS), increased in both groups, with the control group showing a greater increase in both lactate and BS levels (P = 0.012 and P = 0.009, respectively) compared to the Dex group (P = 0.017 and P = 0.093, respectively). Additionally, there were no significant differences in hemodynamic and respiratory markers between the groups (P > 0.05); however, Dex improved and preserved hemodynamic and respiratory stability more effectively. Conclusions: The addition of Dex to the anesthesia protocol was safe and without adverse events, showing a promising role in improving cardiac function in patients undergoing open heart surgery. © 2025, Mohammed Jabbar Hatemi et al.

The study focused on grape seed-derived polyphenols for their antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and fibrinolytic properties through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Compounds were evaluated for their effects on P2Y12, PTP1B, thromboxane A2, and other targets. Compounds 1 and 6 showed strong inhibitory potential on P2Y12. Compounds 2 and 7, plus epigallocatechin gallate, demonstrated effective inhibition on NF-KB and COX1. The compounds exhibited drug-like properties and potential for new thrombotic disease therapies. The research sheds light on the interactions between polyphenols and target proteins, paving the way for novel antiplatelet strategies. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Background: Few studies have explored the anti-inflammatory effects of drugs in cardiac surgery. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a centrally acting alpha-agonist, is believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Dex in patients undergoing open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Adult eligible patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly assigned to receive either standard anesthetics or De × 0.5 μg/kg/h in addition to anesthetics in a single-center, randomized, double-blinded study. The primary outcome was the change in inflammatory mediators (∆) in plasma 24 hours postsurgery compared with baseline, measured by ELISA. Secondary outcomes are defined as changes in hemodynamic and biological markers, recovery time, and Dex’s safety. Results: In total, 80 patients were included in the control and Dex groups. The Dex group increased IL-13 levels as anti-inflammatory cytokines, while it was decreased in the control group. Dex reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.777) and IL-18 (P = 0.895) at the 24 hours postsurgery, with no statically significant difference against the control group. Both groups did not increase the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α regards to baseline (P = 0.812 and P = 0.420, respectively); however, this increase was lower in the Dex group for TNF-α and slightly higher for IL-1β. Dex provided better hemodynamic and repository stability. In addition, the incidence of common events including hypotension, bradycardia, and tachycardia was higher in the control group than in Dex. Conclusion: We found that administering Dex at the onset of anesthesia and during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces inflammatory factors, promotes hemodynamic stability, and enhances patient safety. It may offer significant benefits for those undergoing open heart surgery. © 2025 Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia.

Atherosclerosis is known as a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall and is a global health problem. Several risk factors such as lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammatory indices cause atherosclerosis. In addition, the complex signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms lead to disadvantages in the risk factors caused by atherosclerosis in arteries or organ dysfunction caused by atherosclerosis. It seems that natural products and herbal medicines are a reliable source of anti-atherosclerotic and lipid-regulating potential due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, antiplatelet and anti-thrombotic effects. Furthermore, in addition to traditional evidence, they also demonstrated valuable atheroprotective functions in various preclinical and clinical models. This chapter demonstrates that herbal medicines and natural agents are safe and effective additives; thanks to the modulation of hyperlipidemia damage in the light of related pharmacological and molecular approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and death in people worldwide. Furthermore, the complex mechanisms trigger ischemic/reperfusion injury (IR) in MI. The main mechanism of IR is oxidative stress and the production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS). It appears that herbal medicine and the natural ingredients derived from it are a reliable source of antioxidant and ROS scavenging potential. Furthermore, they showed positive cardioprotective effects in various IR models. This chapter discusses the medicinal plants and phytochemicals that have cardioprotective effects thanks to the inhibition of IR damage, in terms of their pharmacological and molecular mechanisms. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.