بحوث سكوبس — علاء هاشم عباس

By measuring the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light, Raman spectroscopy is a method used to examine vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. However, compared to other spectroscopic methods like infrared spectroscopy, Raman signals are often weak, which limits their use in the bulk of applications where high sensitivity is needed. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) amplifies Raman signals for highly sensitive examination via nanostructured surfaces, such as metal nanoparticles. Nanopore and nanocavity-based structures, such as porous membranes and plasmonic nanoholes, show localized increases in electromagnetic fields, allowing for very sensitive optical detection. These structures are promising for a range of analytical and diagnostic applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology because of their excellent sensitivity and specificity. The present study aimed to conduct a review of the state-of-the-art SERS substrates based on nanopore/nanocavity structures. This study presents some interesting and significant results regarding the use of these structures in various fields. Moreover, future research directions are discussed in the final sections. The authors hope that this review provides researchers and academics insights into the application of nanopore/nanocavity SERS substrates and structures in different areas, such as biosensing, environmental monitoring, food safety, forensic applications, art, and archaeology. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is identified as the functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the ongoing global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to elucidate potential therapeutic avenues by scrutinizing approved drugs through the identification of the genetic signature associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with asthma. This exploration was conducted through an integrated analysis, encompassing interaction networks between the ACE2 receptor and common host (co-host) factors implicated in COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. The comprehensive analysis involved the identification of common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs) and hub-cDEGs, functional annotations, interaction networks, gene set variation analysis (GSVA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and module construction. Interaction networks were used to identify overlapping disease modules and potential drug targets. Computational biology and molecular docking analyzes were utilized to discern functional drug modules. Subsequently, the impact of the identified drugs on the expression of hub-cDEGs was experimentally validated using a mouse model. A total of 153 cDEGs or co-host factors associated with ACE2 were identified in the COVID-19 and asthma comorbidity. Among these, seven significant cDEGs and proteins–namely, HRAS, IFNG, JUN, CDH1, TLR4, ICAM1, and SCD—were recognized as pivotal host factors linked to ACE2. Regulatory network analysis of hub-cDEGs revealed eight top-ranked transcription factors (TFs) proteins and nine microRNAs as key regulatory factors operating at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, respectively. Molecular docking simulations led to the proposal of 10 top-ranked repurposable drug molecules (Rapamycin, Ivermectin, Everolimus, Quercetin, Estradiol, Entrectinib, Nilotinib, Conivaptan, Radotinib, and Venetoclax) as potential treatment options for COVID-19 in individuals with comorbid asthma. Validation analysis demonstrated that Rapamycin effectively inhibited ICAM1 expression in the HDM-stimulated mice group (p < 0.01). This study unveils the common pathogenesis and genetic signature underlying asthma and SARS-CoV-2 infection, delineated by the interaction networks of ACE2-related host factors. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and discovery of drugs aimed at more effective therapeutics within the context of lung disease comorbidities. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.