بحوث سكوبس — محمد ابو السعود عبد الظاهر

Focus of this study is on the use of the hydrazone compound (3) (N-(4-bromobenzylidene)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl) butane hydrazide), which was previously prepared from the reaction of the compound p-bromobenzaldehyde with the corresponding hydrazide (2), as an intermediate compound for the synthesis of azetidine, thiazolidine, tetrazole, oxadiazole and phthalazine heterocyclic compounds through its reaction with some cyclic reagents and catalysts such as chloro acetyl chloride, thioglycolic acid, sodium-azid, lead dioxide and Hydrogen chloride gas. The prepared compounds were characterized using physical properties and also spectroscopic methods such as infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the proton and the isotope of carbon13 as well as mass spectrometry, which accurately identified the proposed structures of the prepared compounds. The identity of the prepared compounds was determined using physical and spectroscopic properties, where infrared and 1HNMR spectroscopy of the proton as well as carbon13 were used in addition to using mass spectrometry to verify the validity of the prepared structures. Conclusions: Also, the biological antibacterial evaluation of the compounds (4–8) was conducted and it gave a good result compared to the drug (8) used as a reference for the control, The MTT test was performed on the healthy and cancerous cells of the compounds (4,5,8) and gave an excellent result for the compound (8). © 2024 The Author(s)

Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 10 % of all cancer cases. It is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Phloretin is a natural compound found in apples and other fruits. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand its impact on cancer prevention or treatment. This article aimed to prepare phloretin-nanospanlastics (Ph-NSLs) to evaluate their effects on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in mice. Methods: Morphology, Particle size, zeta potential, UV–vis, entrapment efficiency, polydispersity index, FT-IR spectra, and drug release of phloretin and Ph-NSLs at pH 6.8.were described. Ph-NSLs were also tested for their anti-cancer properties in DMH-induced colon cancer in mice. A 36 mice were divided into 6 groups; Normal control, DMH (20 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (25 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (50 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + 5-FU(20 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (50 mg), 5-FU (20 mg). Ph-NSLs were tested for their anticancer properties in DMH-treated mice by evaluating the IC50, viability and inhibitory values of Ph-NSLs against Caco-2. Also, the effect of Ph-NSLs administration on number of surviving mice, number of tumors/mice, average of tumor size, Hb, RBCs, WBCs, C19–9, MDA, GSH, SOD, IL-2, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CEA, and P53 levels in mice treated DMH were estimated. Results: The synthesized Ph-NSLs were uniform, spherically shaped, and well dispersed, with a size, entrapment efficiency, and polydispersity index of approximately 114.06 ± 8.35 nm, 78.60 %, and 0.05, respectively. The zeta potential value of Ph-NSLs was measured at −21.5 ± 1.47 mV. Zeta potential reflects the surface charge of nanoparticles and affects their stability and interactions. UV spectra of phloretin and Ph-NSLs showed strong absorption peaks at 225 and 285 nm. These peaks correspond to specific wavelengths where the compound absorbs light. The percentage of Ph- NSLs release was found to be 56.87 ± 2.45 %. IC50 of Ph-NSLs was recorded 15.76 ± 0.42 μg/ml and the viability and inhibitory values of Ph-NSLs against Caco-2 cell lines was resorded 2.39, and 97.61 %, respectively at 100 μg/ml as well as 10.3, and 89.7 %, respectively at 50 μg/ml. Moreover, The combination of 5-FU and Ph-NSLs resulted in a moderate increase in survival and significantly reduces tumor size and number, showing enhanced anticancer efficacy compared to individual treatments as well as attenuated levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs). Reduced plasma cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19–9) levels as well as improved of colon malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukine-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tumor protein (P53) levels. Also, Ph-NSLs and 5FU, either alone or together, decreased the expression of the Akt and PI3K genes in the colon. The combination of Ph-NSLs and 5FU showed more pronounced anticancer activity than Ph-NSLs administered individually. Conclusion: The combination of 5-FU and Ph-NSLs significantly enhances anticancer efficacy, reducing both the number of tumors and average tumor size more effectively than either treatment alone. This synergistic effect leverages 5-FU's inhibition of DNA synthesis and phloretin's induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, offering a promising approach for improved cancer treatment outcomes. © 2024 The Authors

Obesity has existed for a very long time. Obesity leads to improper physiological metabolism, which in turn produces a host of physiological and social issues in addition to aesthetic concerns. Individuals are working to discover anti-obesity medications and other safe and efficient treatment options. Because pancreatic lipase (PL) is essential to human fat metabolism, PL inhibitors are now used to treat obesity in clinical settings. This research involved partially purifying lipase from the ovine pancreas. One lipase isoenzyme was identified using the CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography technology. It had a specific activity of 2.467 U/mg protein and a recovery of 272 in comparison to the crude extract. The molecular weight was determined to be 33.8 kilodaltons, and the electrophoresis method produced only one band. Using p-nitrophenyl acetate as a substrate, the capacity of willow bark extracts to inhibit partly purified pancreatic lipase activity was investigated. The inhibitory percentages via treating the enzyme with EthOH 70% and H2O were found to be 27.14 and 61.43, respectively. Furthermore, the Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed the inhibition modes noncompetitive with both extracts. © 2025, Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology. All rights reserved.

Diabetes and osteoporosis are two prevalent metabolic illnesses that impact multiple organs, including the bones. Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by diminished bone mass and microstructural degradation that leads to fragility fractures, is becoming increasingly common as people age. Magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus are important cations for bone development. BMD is one of the most widely used markers for clinical osteoporosis diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and serum magnesium levels in diabetic and non-diabetic women.100 osteoporosis women participated in this study, divided into 50 women with T2DM and 50 controls without. We performed serum magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, HbA1c, vitamin D, and PTH assays, along with DEXA assays. Serum magnesium levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in diabetic women than in controls. In T2DM women, an inverse correlation existed between HbA1c and serum magnesium. Clarify whether the study is primarily examining HbA1c, magnesium, or BMD relationships and restructure the conclusion for better coherence. Significant linear correlation was seen between the HbA1c levels and BMD, (p < 0.05). We identified the HbA1c value as a risk factor in postmenopausal females with T2DM, whereas for osteoporosis, no correlation was found between serum magnesium level and bone mineral density (BMD). © 2025 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).

Background: Rabies spreads to people and animals via saliva, usually through bites, scratches, or direct contact with mucosa (e.g. eyes, mouth, or open wounds). Rabies remains a major public health problem in Egypt, with an estimated 60 people dying annually from the disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of preventive program on mothers' awareness for prevention of rabies. Study design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at three major Maternal and child centers (Botors, Embaby and Segar) in Tanta City. Sample: A total sample of 150 mothers who attended the child clinic with children aged 6–12 years. Tools: Researchers developed three tools for data collection. The tools underwent content validity assessment, and their internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structured interviewing questionnaire for assessment of mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies Tool I, Mothers' knowledge regarding rabies questionnaire. This tool consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics of the studied mothers and mothers’ knowledge about rabies. Tool II, Rabies attitudinal Likert scale. Tool III, Mothers reported practice Questionnaire. Results: From the obtained results, it was found that, a statistically significant correlation was found between mothers' total knowledge scores, attitude and total practice scores, both before and after the implementation of the rabies prevention program. Conclusion: It was concluded that the rabies- preventive health program had a positive impact on mother’s knowledge, attitude and practices regarding rabies. The mean knowledge score improved from 14.08 before preventive program to 20.90 one month posttest. Negative attitude of the studied mothers was 48% before program but it reduced to 1.3% one month after preventive program. Only 13.35% of the participants had satisfactory level of practice before program and increased to 83.30% one month posttest. Recommendations: Dissemination of the program through mass media campaigns and community outreach activities to enhance public knowledge, improve attitudes, and promote better practices regarding rabies prevention and control measures. © The Author(s) 2025.

Petroleum hydrocarbon-induced environmental degradation has escalated, necessitating immediate remediation due to the ongoing growth of communities and modernization of civilization. Both carbon and energy can be obtained from hydrocarbons of petroleum, which are decomposed by a wide variety of microorganisms found in nature. Many times, remediation of places damaged by oil using biological means is accomplished by using bacteria that have such characteristics. Hence, this review attempt to highlight on the oil contaminated soil, source of oil pollution, the composition of oil, the impact of oil contamination on the living organisms additionally, the destiny of oil in the environment, how bacteria distributed in the soil and the most common degradable bacteria and their role in oil biodegradation with some attention on the impact of their enzymes. Also, considering the mechanism of biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic oil hydrocarbon compounds, how bacteria taking up oil hydrocarbons and the influence of several elements on the processes of oil biodegradation. Furthermore, it; reducing pollution contributes to achieving sustainable development goals. © 2024 The Author(s)

This paper reports the synthesis of a new heterocyclic compound, 2,7-dicloropyrido[2,3-g]quinoline-3,8-dicarbaldehyde, from p-phenylene diamine by converting p-acetanilide (1) and reacting with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent (2). Chalcone(3) is produced when two moles of 2-acetyl naphthalene respond with the two carbaldehydes in compound (2). This chalcone serves as a reagent for quantifying amino group-containing pharmaceutical compounds. At the same time, a sensitive spectrophotometric technique has been created and used in pharmaceutical preparations to measure cefotaxime sodium by diazotizing and coupling with chalcone reagent. The recommended method diazotizes the medicinal molecule with sodium nitrite in an acidic solution to form the diazonium salt. This salt is combined with Chalcone reagent in an essential medium to create a stable and colorful azo dye soluble in water. Maximum absorption of the product is shown at 406 nm. Throughout the concentration range of 0.5–30 µg/ml, Beer's law was followed. The M absorptivity was (18381.44) liters mol-1. cm-1, the average recovery rate was 100.48 percent, and the relative standard deviation was less than 0.9 %. Injection-ready pharmaceutical preparations were the focus of the methodology. © 2024 The Authors

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent form of malignancy in males and is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because of this, studying the molecular processes of PCa cell growth and death is crucial. Hence, it is imperative to conduct further research on the regulatory mechanism underlying the progression of PCa to enhance our comprehension and identify innovative therapeutic targets. The present study investigates an experimental approach that utilizes cost-effective and environmentally sustainable plant extracts sourced from Egypt, namely ginger, chamomile, and green tea, which have been solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), then characterized by using different analytical means and techniques, such as HPLC and GC–MS. The present study employed MTT assay, ELISA, and qRT-PCR techniques to assess the possible impact of the investigated extracts on PCa in PC-3 cells. The findings indicate that ginger exhibited a noteworthy cytotoxic impact on PC-3. Remarkably, the treatment of PCa cells with ginger significantly increased relative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production compared to those treated with chamomile and green tea extracts. Autophagy may play a crucial role in the context of chemotherapy. Modifying autophagy through its induction or inhibition is a promising and innovative approach to control cancer progression. Accordingly, it was found that ginger extract affects protein expression levels of autophagy markers LC3B, ATg12, and pro‐apoptotic signaling, including the Caspase-3 signaling pathway. The ELISA findings revealed a significant rise in the average levels of IL-1β and IL-8 after a 12-hour interval. To conclude, it can be inferred that ginger extract possesses the capability to control the production of inflammatory cytokines. Alternatively, utilizing herbal remedies containing ginger as a viable and secure means of treating PCa as an anticancer agent is possible. © 2024 The Author(s)

Background: Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting numerous individuals worldwide. This study focuses on investigating the concentration of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in female breast cancer patients in the Al-Najaf Province. Previous research suggests a potential correlation between OTA and breast cancer. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of OTA and its association with breast cancer in females in the Al-Najaf Province. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 female breast cancer patients who received treatment at The National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province from April to August 2022 were included in this study. Additionally, 20 healthy females served as the control group. Serum samples were collected in sterile tubes (Eppendorf tube) and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantitatively diagnose the OTA ratio. Patient information, including age, was recorded in a data sheet. Results: The results demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.05) in OTA concentrations among the total number of breast cancer patients compared to the control group. The concentrations of OTA were measured at 0.2720 and 0.2186 ng/mL in breast cancer patients, indicating a higher OTA level in this group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a significant association between OTA concentration and breast cancer in female patients from the Al-Najaf Province. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of OTA in breast cancer development. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship and potentially develop targeted interventions. © 2024 Medical Journal of Babylon | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow S141.

Cancer treatment is a concern due to side effects, the resistance of tumor cells, and costs. Application of alternative compounds particularly delivered by nanocarriers is a paramount approach for the efficient treatment of cancer cells. Our objective was to kill ovary and breast cancer cells using nanoniosomes containing isomeldenin plus lupeol. Herein, nanoniosomes were synthesized using the thin-layer hydration method and their physical and chemical traits were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. The dialysis bag was also used the entrapment rate and release pattern. Various concentrations of lupeol and isomeldenin were prepared for the assessment of anticancer effects against ovary and breast cancer cells (SK-OV-3, MCF-7, and 3SKBr cell lines) using the MTT assay and gene expression. The results were compared to each bioactive compound singly and free forms of them. The expression of Bax and Bcl2 genes was examined at low concentrations of each isomeldenin and lupeol (25µg mL-1) singly and in combination with gemcitabine (25µg mL-1). The size of synthesized nanoniosomes included 203.2 nm size and the entrapment rate was 72.6%. The death rate of SK-OV-3 in exposure to isomeldenin (100 µg mL-1) included 76.34% and for MCF-7 and 3SKBr cell lines included 64.66% and 62.99%, respectively. The lupeol (100µg mL-1) killing rate against SK-OV-3, MCF-7, and 3SKBr cell lines respectively included 42.36%, 40.26%, and 39.96%. The nanoniosomes containing isomeldenin killed SK-OV-3, MCF-7, and 3SKBr cell lines at 89.6%, 78.3%, and 69.6%, respectively. Moreover, nanoniosomes containing lupeol killed SK-OV-3, MCF-7, and 3SKBr cell lines at 88.9%, 79.2%, and 66.9%, respectively. The expression of the Bax gene was decreased 3.2 fold and the Bcl2 gene was increased 2.6 fold in exposure to nanoniosomes containing both gemcitabine and lupeol being significantly higher than those of control. The combination of each isomeldenin and lupeol with gemcitabine significantly increased the death of ovary and breast cancer cells in niosomal form. Herbal bioactive compounds nano-formulation is promising for cancer therapy. © 2024, Islamic Azad University. All rights reserved.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the concentration of ZAN in female breast cancer patients compared to a control group. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of ZAN and its association with breast cancer in female patients treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 female breast cancer patients who were treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province between April and August 2022 were included in the study. Additionally, 20 healthy females served as the control group. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively diagnose the ratio of ZAN in the 40 breast cancer cases with positive results. Serum samples were collected in sterile Eppendorf tubes and analyzed using HPLC to determine the concentration of ZAN. Relevant patient information, including age ranges, was recorded in data sheets. Results: The results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in ZAN concentrations among the breast cancer patients compared to the control group. The concentrations of ZAN were measured at 0.345394 and 0.220381 ng/mL, respectively, indicating higher ZAN levels in the breast cancer patient group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a significant association between ZAN concentration and breast cancer in female patients treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of ZAN in breast cancer development. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship and potentially develop targeted interventions. © 2024 Medical Journal of Babylon | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of lateral tarsal strip (LTS) surgery for involutional ectropion on corneal biomechanical properties measured by the Corvis ST device. Methods: This prospective clinical study examined 23 patients (mean age 67.7 years) undergoing LTS for involutional ectropion. Corneal biomechanics were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively using the Corvis ST. Deformation amplitude, applanation length, highest concavity measurements, and corneal biomechanical indices were compared before and after LTS. Results: The second applanation deformation amplitude was significantly reduced after LTS compared to before (0.471 vs 0.428 mm, p = 0.031) indicating improved corneal stiffness. First applanation deflection length also decreased significantly following surgery (2.342 vs 1.967 mm, p = 0.043) suggesting enhanced corneal stability. Highest concavity deformation parameters were unchanged. Corneal biomechanical index, stiffness parameter, and intraocular pressure compensatory effect showed no significant differences pre- versus post-operatively. Conclusions: LTS surgery leads to measurable improvements in select corneal biomechanical parameters, specifically applanation deformation amplitude and deflection length. This preliminary analysis reveals subtle beneficial impacts on corneal stiffness and stability after surgical correction of ectropion. LTS appears to marginally augment corneal biomechanical properties based on Corvis ST assessment. © 2024 The Author(s)