بحوث سكوبس — عبد الله كاظم رحيم شبيب الخاقاني

Sepsis is the primary cause of mortality after infection and is considered a global health issue. This study aimed to investigate whether quercetin may have any potential nephroprotective effects during renal injury induced by sepsis. 40 male albino Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Normal control groups include mice that clearly exhibit good health. The CLP group included mice that underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery but received no treatment. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group administered DMSO as a vehicle. The quercetin group was administered quercetin 10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the renal levels of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was observed in the quercetin group compared to the CLP group. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) was observed in the quercetin group compared to the CLP group. Additionally, the quercetin group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in renal SOD activity and a reduction in MDA levels in comparison to the CLP group. Histologically, all mice in the CLP group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) renal tissue injury, whereas the quercetin group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in renal tissue injury. The quercetin exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), as well as an antioxidant effect by decreasing renal levels of MDA and increasing the renal activity of SOD. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

The chromones found in the dried roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata include cimifugin; in fact, Saposhnikovia divaricata is a main source of cimifugin. Vinpocetine is a synthetic version of vincamine derived from periwinkle; it is characterized by potent anti-inflammatory properties that allow it to reduce immune cell infiltration and suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential influence of a topically-applied combination of cimifugin and vinpocetine gels on a model of a psoriasis-like inflammatory skin reaction. To this end, we divided 48 albino BALB/c mice into six groups. All groups except for the negative control group received imiquimod topically (daily, for 7 days) for the induction of psoriasis-like skin lesions. A group received imiquimod (5%) only (positive control), while four other groups were also treated with a clobetasol (0.05%) cream, a cimifugin (3%) gel, a vinpocetine (3%) gel, or a combination of cimifugin (3%) and vinpocetine (3%) gels, once daily, for 7 days; the aforementioned treatments were first applied 7 days after the pharmacological induction of the lesions. Our findings revealed that the topically-applied combination of cimifugin-and vinpocetine-containing gels had an important anti-psoriatic effect, as seen by the diminishing of the skin levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17, and interleukin-23, thereby improving the imiquimod-induced histological changes in mice. We conclude that a topically-applied combination of cimifugin and vinpocetine can exert substantial anti-psoriatic activity. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

A cytokine storm is a severe and potentially fatal condition resulting from an excessive immune response. Epicatechin and huperzine A have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting their potential utility in mitigating tissue damage and cytokine storm severity. This study aimed to compare the protective effects of huperzine A and epicatechin in a cytokine storm-like murine model. Sixty male Swiss albino mice were randomly allocated into six groups. Except for the control group, all animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) in order to induce a cytokine storm. The induction group received LPS without further intervention. The remaining groups were pre-treated for three consecutive days prior to LPS administration as follows: vehicle group (1% dimethyl sulfoxide), methylprednisolone group (50 mg/ kg/day methylprednisolone), huperzine A group (0.2 mg/kg/day huperzine A), and epicatechin group (25 mg/kg/day epicatechin). The histological analysis of lung tissues and the quantification of serum cytokines – interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) – revealed that all pre-treated groups exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects. Notably, epicatechin conferred a more pronounced protective effect than either methylprednisolone or huperzine A, as evidenced by reduced pulmonary histopathological alterations and lower serum cytokine concentrations. In conclusion, both huperzine A and epicatechin demonstrated protective efficacy against the LPS-induced cytokine storm, with epicatechin showing superior performance in attenuating systemic inflammation and lung injury. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of various cancers and autoinflammatory disorders. However, it can adversely affect oral tissues, particularly impairing salivary gland function. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of rutin may counteract these toxic effects. This study aimed at examining whether rutin confers protective effects on the salivary glands of rats exposed to methotrexate. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned to three groups. The control group received normal saline intraperitoneally for 10 days. On day six of the experiment, the methotrexate group was administered methotrexate intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The methotrexate + rutin group also received rutin intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg once daily for 10 days. On day 11, the animals were euthanized, and their salivary gland tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analyses. Rutin markedly ameliorated the methotrexate-induced histopathological changes and biochemical alterations, as indicated by reduced levels of the tumour necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde, alongside elevated levels of interleukin-10 and superoxide dismutase. These findings suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of rutin may offer a promising strategy for mitigating the methotrexate-associated toxicity in submandibular gland tissues. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Interested medicinal essential oils had important role in combating various diseases, including skin and soft tissue diseases therefore the purpose of study to design, prepare and evaluate an antibacterial myrtle oil nanoemulgel and compare their efficacy against two bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Nanoemulsions was prepare and pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed including three of structural components wthich are myrtle oil, polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate and propylene glycol mixture 3:1 (w/w)% and double distilled water using the microwaves-based method. Six samples of nanoemulsion (N1-N6) were selected for characterization process and preparation nanoemulgel (G1-G6). Blank gel (G7) was also prepared to compare the antibacterial activity against G1-G6 formulations. The myrtle oil nanoemulgel (G1-G6) formulations were subjected for different evaluation. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was statistical test, where the level at (P≤0.05) was kept as significant value. The outcomes indicate that N1-N6 formulations has acceptable physicochemical features. The evaluation process for G1-G6 formulations indicate translucent, homogenous, with distinctive odor of essential oil represented by myrtle oil and no syneresis, slightly acidic pH, spreadability were (126.033 to 86.361g*cm/sec), non-Newtonian plastic flow, no skin irritation and obvious antimicrobial activity. The preparation of essential oil nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel formulations were exhibited suitable characterization, physical stability and antimicrobial activity that made it promise delivery system for treatment skin and soft tissue infection. © RJPT All right reserved.

Sepsis is a type of systemic inflammatory disease caused by polymicrobial infection. To investigate the potential reno-protective benefits of cilostazol during sepsis-induced renal injury, forty male albino Swiss mice, 25 to 30 grams in weight and 8 to 12 weeks old, were employed in the present investigation. Both food and water were freely available to these animals. Mice were separated into the following four groups after two weeks of adaption. (n = 10): (1) Healthy group: apparently normal mice. (2) induced group: mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture operation. (3) DMSO group: mice received DMSO as a vehicle (4) cilostazol group: Cilostazol was administered intraperitoneally to mice for five days in a row at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. Compared to the CLP group, the cilostazol group showed a significantly (p<0.05) lower amount of NGAL in the kidneys. Additionally, compared to the CLP group, the cilostazol group showed a substantial (p0.05) decline in the levels of serum of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, & Interleukin-6). Additionally, compared to the CLP group, the cilostazol group had a significantly (p<0.05) increased renal SOD activity and decreased MDA level. Histologically, all animals in the CLP group displayed a substantial level of kidney tissue damage (p<0.05), whereas the cilostazol group displayed a significantly diminished level of kidney tissue injury. Their capacity to lower serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) has an anti-inflammatory impact. Additionally, they have an antioxidant impact by raising renal SOD activity and lowering renal MDA levels. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)

The discovery of genome editing technology based on the bacterially derived CRISPR system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) has led to tremendous progress in biotechnology and gene therapy. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has many advantages over other genome editing technologies, including multiplexing, high accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity. However, the safe and effective delivery of the genome editing system's components into the target cells, is one of the major challenges in genome editing. This has a direct effect on the success and therapeutic applications of this system. A variety of different delivery methods including physical delivery methods, viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system components. However, employing physical delivery techniques and viral vectors has limitations, including cellular damage, immune system response induction, low specificity, need for expertise and expensive equipment, etc. Recently, the development and use of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for efficient delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has attracted significant attention. The application of nanoparticles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system components has been highlighted by benefits including simple synthesis, cost - effectiveness, size tunability, high loading capacity, high efficiency, non-mutagenicity, non-immunogenicity, etc. Here, we will review developments in the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system components employing lipid-based nanoparticles and highlight forthcoming challenges. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.