Scopus Research — Abdulhusein Mizhir Erabi Jawad Almaamuri

This study investigates the incidence of otomycosis associated with ear drop usage and evaluates treatment outcomes and recurrence rates in Iraqi patients with and without a recent history of ear drop application. Conducted at the ENT Clinic of Almahawil Hospital (Iraq) from April 1, 2022, to March 31, 2024, the study involved 280 patients diagnosed with otomycosis. Participants were divided into two groups: group 1 (N=72) comprised individuals who had used ear drops within 1–2 weeks prior to diagnosis, while group 2 (N=208) comprised individuals who had not recently used ear drops. Our findings revealed that 26% of otomycosis cases were linked to recent ear drop use, with ciprofloxacin being the most commonly used agent (61.1%). Both groups demonstrated high rates of symptom resolution following treatment; however, the recurrence rate was notably higher among ear drop users (11.1%) compared to non-users (7.8%). These results suggest that ear drop usage may elevate the risk of developing otomycosis and increase the likelihood of recurrence, thereby highlighting the need for judicious prescribing practices. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

The current study isolated and diagnosed pathogenic bacteria Salmonella from the domestic population of Musca domestica L collected from surrounding environments and overlapping with residential areas in Thi-Qar province. Thirty samples of Salmonella were isolated and diagnosed from 360 samples collected from markets, houses and hospitals of Thi-Qar provaince. The highest incidence of bacteria from external surface was during May and July (10.5%), while the lowest incidence was during January, February and November. This diagnosis was confirmed by a confirmatory test (API. 20) and the same diagnostic ratio given. All isolates were examined for their resistance to antibiotics which revealed that 46.6% of isolated Salmonella are resistant to nalidalic acid (86.7%), gentamicin (30%), amoxicillin (26.7%), norfloxacin and ampicillin (23.3 %). Diagnosed isolates were subjected to PCR, and this led to diagnosis of InvA gene in Salmonella. © 2025, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue affecting millions of women globally. There is limited research specifically focused on its presentation in otolaryngology settings. Objective: This study aims to explore the spectrum of head and neck injuries among married women presenting with IPV-related trauma in a private otolaryngology clinic, highlighting the importance of recognizing these injuries in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 118 cases of head and neck trauma among married women in an ear, nose, and throat private clinic over a 15-month period. The cases related to IPV were further evaluated for the perpetrator of violence, type and location of injuries, age of patients, time of occurrence, and treatment. Results: Of the 118 cases, 72.8% were related to domestic violence. The most prevalent type of injury is traumatic tympanic membrane perforation, which accounts for 44.2% of all cases. Most cases were observed in women between the ages of 26 and 35. All patients reported their husbands as perpetrators of violence. Conclusion: IPV is a significant cause of head and neck trauma among married women, with traumatic tympanic membrane perforation being the most common type of injury. The study highlights the need for increased awareness and prevention of domestic violence, as victims may be reluctant to disclose their experiences or seek help. It is essential to integrate efforts to address domestic violence into broader efforts to promote gender equality and sustainable development. © 2025 Medical Journal of Babylon.

Abstract: Bacteria have developed a tolerance due to the overuse of antibiotics. Even though thyme essential oils have antibacterial properties, their utilization is restricted because of their instability. To overcome these limitations, one strategy is to interact the oils with other molecules. This research delved into the effective role of B12N12 in attaching thymol and carvacrol oils as a nanocarrier in drug delivery using density functional calculations (DFT) in both gas and solvent phases. Thymol and carvacrol oils have been found to interact with B12N12 through oxygen atoms, resulting in adsorption energies (Ead) of –12.49 and –12.39 kcal/mol on the nanocage, respectively. The adsorption and solvation energy values, along with notable alterations in the polarity of the complexes, indicated the potential of the B12N12 nanocage as an effective delivery carrier for the oils. The analysis of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), the electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), and density of states (DOS) showed that the nature of the interaction between the oils and the nanocage is non-covalent, which is beneficial for the release of the oils in drug delivery. The quantum molecular descriptors (QMDs) and the vibrational frequency calculations indicated that the complexes are stable. Moreover, Mulliken population analysis (MPA), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), UV-Vis spectra, and thermodynamic parameters for the molecules were calculated. In silico molecular docking, 4WUB and 3VSL receptors were used to investigate thymol, carvacrol, thymol/B12N12, and carvacrol/B12N12 compounds inhibitor properties. The molecular docking analysis showed that the thymol/B12N12 and carvacrol/B12N12 compounds have the free negative binding energy values and low Ki (inhibition constant) values. This suggests that these compounds are more suitable for interacting with the 4WUB and 3VSL receptor targets compared to the Thymol and Carvacrol oils. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2024.

The extract of fig fruit has shown significant medical usefulness in various fields. The entrance of nanotechnology into the field of medicinal and pharmacology has shown remarkable advantages. Plants contain diverse molecules thatcan reduce metals, and provide a safe, eco-friendly approach for synthesizing nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been reported to possess an antimicrobial effect against some strains of bacteria and moulds. We have aimed to synthesize IONPs from fig fruit extract and investigate the influence of fig extract and IONPs in wound healing of mice. UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the IONPs that were produced. The UV-Vis spectrum has indicated a maximum absorbance of around 400 nm, which is characterized by IONPs. The XRD examination has indicated the formation of α-Fe2O3 NPs, while the morphological examination by FESEM indicated the presence of aggregated rough IONPs. Then, 15 mice were divided into three groups equally; control, fig extract treated, and IONPs treated mice. Mice treated with fig extract or IONPs have shown obvious improvement after 5 days compared to control. On the 14th day, almost complete healing was observed in mice treated with fig fruit extract or IONPs. In conclusion, the possibility of using plants and NPs as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents would provide a great advancement in the administration of mild skin injuries. © 2023, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common feature of COVID-19. The goal of the study was to define the modes of onset of OD in the clinical course of the disease and to follow the cases for 12-18 months in order to estimate the differences in the recovery time from OD over the course of the disease. We managed to follow a total of 325 patients (females: 198, males: 127) in the Babylon governorate in Iraq. All were COVID-19 patients who should have OD during the course of the disease. COVID-19 infection was established in all patients by swab test, i.e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or chest computed tomography findings of pneumonia compatible with COVID-19. Detailed medical records were obtained directly from the patients or their relatives. The patients were then followed up by telephone and questioned with structured questionnaires concentrating upon general clinical features and the sense of olfaction. Information about the presence of olfactory disorders, their occurrence, and development was recorded. Based on the onset of OD, the patients were categorized into three groups. Olfactory functions were assessed primarily by face-to-face interview and then (if necessary) by a telephone questionnaire assessing self-reported olfactory function and olfactory-related quality of life, which measures the subjective olfactory capability (SOC). In the first 2 weeks, 148 (45.5%) patients reported complete recovery from OD, of which 90 (73.2%) patients joined at the end of the 1st month. OD persistence was observed in 11 (3.3%) patients toward the end of the 1st year, in 5 (1.5%) patients at the end of the 15th month, and only in two (0.6%) patients at the end of the 18th month. We found no significant correlation between the type of onset of OD and the duration and persistence of OD. Most sufferers of COVID-associated OD recover their sense of smell within the 1st month. © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

The discovery of genome editing technology based on the bacterially derived CRISPR system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) has led to tremendous progress in biotechnology and gene therapy. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has many advantages over other genome editing technologies, including multiplexing, high accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity. However, the safe and effective delivery of the genome editing system's components into the target cells, is one of the major challenges in genome editing. This has a direct effect on the success and therapeutic applications of this system. A variety of different delivery methods including physical delivery methods, viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system components. However, employing physical delivery techniques and viral vectors has limitations, including cellular damage, immune system response induction, low specificity, need for expertise and expensive equipment, etc. Recently, the development and use of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for efficient delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has attracted significant attention. The application of nanoparticles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system components has been highlighted by benefits including simple synthesis, cost - effectiveness, size tunability, high loading capacity, high efficiency, non-mutagenicity, non-immunogenicity, etc. Here, we will review developments in the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system components employing lipid-based nanoparticles and highlight forthcoming challenges. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

In this work, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children that may display a continuum from simple snoring (SS) down to marked obstructive sleep apnea and the otolaryngological risk factors of sleep- disordered breathing in otherwise healthy children were studied. A prospective study was conducted in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 on children aged 2-16 years, who were otherwise healthy, received in the ENT department of Almahawil Hospital for evaluation of snoring and breathing difficulties during sleep. We excluded any participants with Down syndrome, craniofacial anomalies, neuromuscular diseases (including cerebral palsy), obesity and laryngomalacia. All children underwent clinical assessment including; physical examination, lateral neck radiograph-x ray to assess the space behind the nose with standardized history collection. We couldn't use any sleep study like polysomnography because of unavailability in our country. We evaluated 326 children (boys: 176, girls:150) from January 2018 to December 2020. The enrolled children were 120 (boys: 66, girls: 54) in 2018, 65(boys: 35, girls: 30) in 2019 and 141 (boys: 77, girls: 64) in 2020. The age range from 2 years to 16 years and I ordered them into 2- 6, 7- 10 and 11- 16 years' groups. Results showed that 326 (53.9% boys, 46.1% girls) 258 (79.1%) of the total participants had adenotonsillar hypertrophy, 21(6.5%) had adenoid hypertrophy, 31(9.5%) had allergic rhinitis with or without turbinate hypertrophy and 16 (4.9%) had nasal septal deviation. Regarding the age group, 224 (68.7%) were in 2-6 years' group, 68 (20.8%) were in 7-10 years and 34 (10.5%) were in 11-16 years' group. © 2021 Walsh Medical Media, LLC. All rights reserved.