Scopus Research — Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar

Background: The genetic diversity of the hosts may have an impact on the clinical range of COVID-19 severity. Dectin-1, an integral component of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, is encoded by the CLEC7A gene. Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between Iraqi patients' susceptibility to COVID-19 and CLEC7A rs3901533 (A/C) polymorphisms. Methodology: Twenty COVID-19 patients, twenty recovered people, and twenty healthy controls provided a total of sixty DNA samples. Using the sequencing method, the CLEC7A rs3901533 (A/C) polymorphisms were genotyped. Results: The frequencies of the A and C alleles were 45%, 52.5%, and 55%, respectively, in patients, recovered individuals, and controls, and 57.5%, 47.5%, and 45%, respectively. Among COVID-19 patients, the CC genotype was much more common (30%) than in controls (15%), indicating a strong correlation with higher susceptibility to the disease (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the CC genotype of the CLEC7A rs3901533 polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for heightened susceptibility to COVID-19. These findings demonstrate the potential of CLEC7A genotyping in predicting the course of disease and directing individualised treatment strategies. © 2026, Egyptian Society for Medical Microbiology (ESMM). All rights reserved.

Plant growth promoting bacterial strains were used as bioinoculants on cereal crops to improve plant growth and plant productivity. Crop responses to inoculation are complex because bacteria are not compatible with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the microbial ecology of crop rhizosphere under various agricultural techniques. In tropical agriculture, cattle manure is used as an organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility, however use of microbes as consortium have found as sustainable method for the enhancement of crops productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three potential plant growth-promoting rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains EU-C3ST.R1, IARI-JR-44, and IARI-S-45 and organic fertilizers (cattle manure) individually and as consortia on maize (Zea mays L.) under both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. A total of 123 bacterial strains were sorted out and screened for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus, and potassium solubilization. The potential N2-fixing; P and K solubilizing bacterial strains were identified using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas sp. EU-C3ST.R1, Micrococcus indicus IARI-JR-44, and Bacillus horikoshii IARI-S-45 respectively. The inoculation of these three strains on maize as microbial consortium and individual inoculum significantly increased the growth characteristic including height and biomass of the plants, as well as physiological characteristics i.e., chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and total soluble sugar content of the plant with respect to chemical fertilizers, cattle manure, and untreated control plant. The consortia were found to be more effective with respect to individual inoculants, cattle manure, and uninoculated control plants, so it can be utilized as biofertilizers for inoculation of cereal crops growing in hilly regions. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2024.

In this study, a magnetic photocatalyst, Fe3O4–SiO2–EN (FSE) doped with Zn–Al–LDH nanocomposites (FSEZAL), was successfully synthesized via the sol–gel method. The catalyst was then applied for the removal of penicillin G (PNG) under solar, visible, and UV irradiation. The optimal conditions for achieving 100% PNG removal were determined to be an initial PNG concentration of 25 mg/L, a solution pH of 3–5, an FSEZAL dose of 0.4 g/L, and a reaction time of 60 min. The study also examined the degradation mechanism and oxidation pathway. The experimental observations highlighted that the catalyst had high reusability, with only a slight decrease in PNG degradation ratios after five consecutive cycles (from 100 to 94.3%). Under UV and visible radiation, PNG (25 mg/L) was completely degraded, while sunlight exposure achieved 90.1% removal and required 100 min for full degradation. At the beginning of the process, the BOD5/COD (five-day biochemical oxygen demand to total organic carbon) and BOD₅/TOC (total organic carbon) ratios were 0.22 and 0.73, respectively, indicating non-biodegradable wastewater. By the end of the process, these ratios increased to 0.73 and 1.37, reflecting complete mineralization of the wastewater. Toxicity assays performed with Daphnia magna confirmed complete detoxification of the PNG solution, in contrast to the adsorption process, which lowered toxicity by only 30%. According to scavenger tests, the degradation of the studied pollutant involved hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide radical (·O2−), electron (e−), and hole (h+), among which ·OH was the most influential. In conclusion, it can be stated that the evaluated process has the potential to effectively eliminate a range of antibiotics from water-based solutions. © The Author(s) 2025.

Despite significant advancements in colorimetric assays, challenges in their sensitivity and selectivity remain, hindering their widespread applications. The nanotechnology revolution has played a pivotal role in developing sensitive and selective colorimetric biosensing assays, especially through the use of mesoporous materials to improve the performance of nanozymes and mesoporous nanozymes in colorimetric sensing. The role of mesoporous materials in these systems can be classified into three main types: supporting matrix, coating agent, and nanozymes themselves. Among different mesoporous materials, mesoporous silica (MS), mesoporous carbon (MC), mesoporous metal and metal oxide nanozymes have been widely used in colorimetric assays. Each category is characterized by specific properties, such as extensive surface area, adjustable porosity, and biomimetic catalytic features, which considerably enhance their enzyme-like activities. This study reviews current progress in the development of different mesoporous nanozyme systems, highlighting the pivotal functions of these nanozymes in colorimetric detection approaches. Along with focusing on the crucial role of these nanozymes in catalytic colorimetric reactions, we emphasize the advantages of colorimetric sensors. Their simplicity, affordability, and rapid reaction times introduce effective sensing approaches for detecting a wide range of targets. The application of these advanced colorimetric biosensing assays extends across multiple domains, including pollution monitoring in environmental matrices, food safety assessment, and biological applications. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Diabetes and osteoporosis are two prevalent metabolic illnesses that impact multiple organs, including the bones. Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by diminished bone mass and microstructural degradation that leads to fragility fractures, is becoming increasingly common as people age. Magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus are important cations for bone development. BMD is one of the most widely used markers for clinical osteoporosis diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and serum magnesium levels in diabetic and non-diabetic women.100 osteoporosis women participated in this study, divided into 50 women with T2DM and 50 controls without. We performed serum magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, HbA1c, vitamin D, and PTH assays, along with DEXA assays. Serum magnesium levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in diabetic women than in controls. In T2DM women, an inverse correlation existed between HbA1c and serum magnesium. Clarify whether the study is primarily examining HbA1c, magnesium, or BMD relationships and restructure the conclusion for better coherence. Significant linear correlation was seen between the HbA1c levels and BMD, (p < 0.05). We identified the HbA1c value as a risk factor in postmenopausal females with T2DM, whereas for osteoporosis, no correlation was found between serum magnesium level and bone mineral density (BMD). © 2025 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).

Background: Oxidative stress is a critical factor contributing to male infertility, impairing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and disrupting normal spermatogenesis. This study aimed to isolate and characterize human SSCs and to investigate oxidative stress-related gene expression, protein interaction networks, and developmental trajectories involved in SSC function. Methods: SSCs were enriched from human orchiectomy samples using CD49f-based magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and laminin-binding matrix selection. Enriched cultures were assessed through morphological criteria and immunocytochemistry using VASA and SSEA4. Transcriptomic profiling was performed using microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify oxidative stress-related genes. Bioinformatic analyses included STRING-based protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, FunRich enrichment, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and predictive modeling using machine learning algorithms. Results: The enriched SSC populations displayed characteristic morphology, positive germline marker expression, and minimal fibroblast contamination. Microarray analysis revealed six significantly upregulated oxidative stress-related genes in SSCs—including CYB5R3 and NDUFA10—and three downregulated genes, such as TXN and SQLE, compared to fibroblasts. PPI and functional enrichment analyses highlighted tightly clustered gene networks involved in mitochondrial function, redox balance, and spermatogenesis. scRNA-seq data further confirmed stage-specific expression of antioxidant genes during spermatogenic differentiation, particularly in late germ cell stages. Among the machine learning models tested, logistic regression demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for antioxidant gene expression, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.741. Protein oxidation was implicated as a major mechanism of oxidative damage, affecting sperm motility, metabolism, and acrosome integrity. Conclusion: This study identifies key oxidative stress-related genes and pathways in human SSCs that may regulate spermatogenesis and impact sperm function. These findings offer potential targets for future functional validation and therapeutic interventions, including antioxidant-based strategies to improve male fertility outcomes. © 2025 by the authors.

Background: Opportunistic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) may cause a range of infections in humans and animals, from self-limiting to life-threatening. S. aureus might be acquired from food via contaminated hands or food contact surfaces. Orange peel extract has various therapeutic uses. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the antibacterial activity of orange peel extract against S. aureus in vitro by measuring the inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Methods: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from food contact surfaces on mannitol salt agar in Kufa, Iraq. An aqueous extract of orange peel was prepared. The antimicrobial activities of the orange peel extracts against the recovered S. aureus isolates were tested using the agar well diffusion method by measuring the diameters of the inhibition zone on nutrient agar. Results: The results showed significant antibacterial activity (p < 0.05) of orange peels extract at different concentrations. All tested concentrations (10–100 mg/ml) had clear antimicrobial activities against S. aureus. The MIC recorded was 10 mg/ml. Such antimicrobial activities were comparable to those of the tested antimicrobials, such as trimethoprim, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The lowest anti-S. aureus activities were recorded for azithromycin and clindamycin, with no anti-S. aureus activity for tobramycin. Conclusion: Orange peel extract had antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The correlation of the exponential increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone with increasing the extract concentrations of orange peel extract was well-marked. Therefore, orange peel extracts can be used in food preparations and hand washes to inhibit S. aureus growth. © 2025, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are unipotent germline cells with emerging pluripotent potential under specific in vitro conditions. Understanding their capacity for reprogramming and the molecular mechanisms involved offers valuable insights into regenerative medicine and fertility preservation. SSCs were isolated from Oct4-GFP C57BL/6 transgenic mice using enzymatic digestion and cultured in defined media. Under these conditions, ES-like colonies emerged expressing pluripotency markers. These cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry, teratoma assays, and transcriptomic analyses using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. Gene expression profiles were compared with ESCs and SSCs using datasets from GEO (GSE43850, GSE38776, GSE149512). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and co-expression modules were explored through STRING, Cytoscape, and WGCNA. ES-like cells derived from SSCs exhibited strong expression of OCT4, DAZL, and VASA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed key differentially expressed genes and shared regulatory networks with ESCs. WGCNA identified key co-expression modules and hub regulatory RNA binding genes (Ctdsp1, Rest, and Stra8) potentially responsible for the reprogramming process. Teratoma assays confirmed pluripotency, and single-cell RNA-seq validated expression of critical markers in cultured SSCs. This study demonstrates that SSCs can acquire pluripotency features and be reprogrammed into ES-like cells. The integration of transcriptomic and network-based analyses reveals novel insights into the molecular drivers of SSC reprogramming, highlighting their potential utility in stem cell-based therapies and male fertility preservation. © 2025 by the authors.

Introduction-Objective: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and long-term inflammation. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties that reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, study the relationship between these factors and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factorα (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Method: This case-control study included a total of 100 participants within the age range of 45 to 65 years. There were 50 participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 50 healthy individuals (control). Results: The levels of serum IL-6 were significantly increased in the T2DM group compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T2DM group were increased levels of HOMA-IR, TNF-α, and CRP compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The patient group showed a decreased in 25-OH vitamin D levels (P > 0.05). Although the mean serum PTH level increased, this increase was significantly greater in the T2DM group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D, HBA1C, and HOMA-IR. There is also a strong positive correlation between HOMA-IR and HBA1c, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. This suggests that vitamin D and PTH play a role in glycemic control. © 2025 Societe Tunisienne des Sciences Medicales. All rights reserved.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), originating from the ovarian epithelial cells, represents approximately 90% of all ovarian cancer cases and includes several subtypes. Aim: This study investigates the role of hub ribonucleoprotein genes in EOC progression. Methods: Microarray datasets GSE28799 and GSE54388 from GEO were analyzed using Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC) software for differential expression (p ≤ 0.05, LogFC ≥4). Upregulated RNP genes, including FBL and HNRNPC, were identified. Protein–protein interactions were analyzed using STRING and visualized in Cytoscape. Clustering was performed with Gephi software. Gene expression and alterations were validated using the HPA and cBioPortal databases. Results: FBL and HNRNPC were significantly upregulated in EOC, playing key roles in tumor progression. Network analysis showed close interactions within the same gene cluster. Pathway enrichment linked them to spliceosome and ribosome biogenesis, affecting gene regulation and cellular function. Samples with FBL and HNRNPC deletions showed lower mRNA expression. Survival analysis indicated that their upregulation negatively affects patient survival, suggesting that disrupting these genes could slow cancer progression. Conclusion: This study highlights the crucial role of FBL and HNRNPC in EOC. These genes are significantly upregulated and actively contribute to key cellular processes like spliceosome function and ribosome biogenesis, which help sustain tumor growth. Through network and pathway analyses, researchers have uncovered their strong functional connection, further emphasizing their importance in cancer biology. Notably, higher expression levels of these genes are linked to poorer patient survival. Targeting and disrupting their expression may provide new strategies to slow tumor progression and improve patient outcomes. © 2025 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Ongoing scientific and regulatory evaluations scrutinize glyphosate’s health and environmental risks, despite its economic benefits in weed control, requiring evidence-based approaches to address persistent controversy. This systematic review synthesizes 42 studies (2000–2024) from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, to evaluate glyphosate residue risks and mitigation strategies in agricultural systems. Glyphosate, a cost-effective herbicide, shows global residue contamination, with concentrations ranging from 0.003 mg kg-1 in Italian vegetables to 5.06 mg kg-1 in Thai soybeans. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) achieved detection limits as low as 0.002 mg kg-1, yet adjuvant synergism (e.g., polyethoxylated tallow amine-induced DNA damage in A549 cells) was understudied. Eco-engineering methods, including adsorption (92%removal via graphene oxide) and microbial degradation (85.8%efficiency by Pseudomonas aeruginosa), showed promise but lacked scalability. Critical regulatory gaps persist, such as inconsistent monitoring of persistent metabolites like AMPA and inadequate assessment of chronic low-dose exposure risks. This study advances a holistic framework integrating precise detection, adjuvant toxicity evaluation, and scalable bio-remediation, emphasizing harmonized global standards and reduced glyphosate reliance. By bridging agricultural productivity with environmental stewardship, it offers novel insights into reconciling weed management efficacy with planetary health imperatives. © 2025 Korean Society of Environmental Engineers.

Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers increases agricultural productivity but on the other hand they harms the health of environment and humans. The multifunctional plant growth promoting bacterial strains could be an ideal alternative to synthetic chemical fertilizers. Looking into the benefits of plant growth promoting bacteria, the present study deals with the isolation of mineral solubilizing and Fe-chelating microbes from the rhizospheric regions of different crops growing in hilly regions of Baru Sahib. Isolated microbes were screened for the multifarious plant growth promoting attributes including solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, zinc, selenium; production of siderophores, ammonia, indole-3-acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, and nitrogen fixation. The efficient mineral solubilizing and siderophores producing bacterial strains were identified as Serratia surfactantfaciens EU-C3SY2 (P-solubilizer; 144.5 ± 0.05 mg L− 1), Serratia marcescens EU-D1RNL1 (K- solubilizers; 46.9 ± 1.2 mg mL− 1), Serratia nematodiphila EU-D2SRY4 (Zn-solubilizer; 68.5 ± 0.03 mg L− 1), Erwinia persicina EU-B1RT3.1 (Se-solubilizer) and Serratia sp. EU-C1RK1 (siderophores producer; 69.16 ± 0.71 psu) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The selected efficient bacterial strains were used for the development of six different microbial consortia, which were evaluated for the growth promotion of oats crops under green house and open field conditions. Among the six different microbial combination, the consortium developed from EU-C3SY2, EU-D1RNL1, EU-D2SRY4, EU-B1RT3.1, and EU-C1RK1 were found as most effective. This microbial combination significantly increased the growth and physiological parameters of oats plants as compared to other developed microbial consortia, control, and agro-chemical fertilizers. The developed mineral solubilizing and Fe-chelating microbial consortium could be used as biofertilizers for crops growing in the hilly regions for agricultural sustainability. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2024.

A nutritional balance assessment of wheat seeds subjected to salt stress was the objective of the research, which was carried out in the autumn of 2022. The seeds were treated with sodium chloride solutions of varying concentrations. Wheat seeds treated with sodium chloride solutions of concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 mM exhibited a substantial increase in the uptake of calcium, sodium, and chloride ions, while potassium absorption decreased significantly (the study revealed that the application of water with varying salinity levels significantly affected the uptake of potassium, calcium, sodium, and chloride ions by the plants). Furthermore, it is more accurate to express the proportions of potassium and calcium ions to sodium as a percentage rather than their absolute quantities. This was demonstrated when varying and highly concentrated sodium chloride solutions (20 and 75 mM) were used to increase the percentage of potassium or calcium to sodium. Specifically, this led to an imbalance in the ratios of potassium and calcium ions to sodium. © ICMTAS-FCMP 2024.All rights reserved.

Brassinosteroids, the type of plant hormones requires the utmost attention in helping to induce plant respond to salt stress - a common problem global agricultural yield deals with. In conditions of salt stress, the cells are losing the integrity characterized by osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative damage and this has a very negative effect on plant growth and development. Brassinolides are key elements that regulate significant physiological and metabolism pathways thus acting in salt stress adaptation. This crucial step is restoring ion balance in the body When the plant roots are exposed to excessive salt levels in the soil, the sodium ions (Na+) buildup in the plant tissue disrupts the system of ion exchange within the cells of the plant. Brassinolides operate on the ion transport system including the sodium channels in, and out of, the cells, to diminish the case of high concentration of Na+ in these cellular compartments. Brassinosteroids, in addition to, activate ion transporters of potassium (K+) not just surface but also functioning against too much of sodium (Na+) toxicity. Brassinolides help to activate antioxidant defense systems for reducing the spike in oxidative stress induced by salt stress. Consequently, Brassinolides identification has been intensified as it enhances antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress which protects cells from desiccation by salt. As it relates to osmotic adjustment, a crucial capacity in salt stress response of plants, brassinolides play a specific part. They do precisely the opposite of the very function of osmosis by their ability to build these compatible solutes like, proline, glycine betaine and sugars, which play a vital role in preserving cellular turgor pressure and stablising large molecules in high osmotic environments. Brassinosteroids have a fundamental part in alleviating water loss from plants if the environment is heavy with salts and therefore helping them to stay alive. Intermediary compounds of Brassinolide are key elements in the plant defence system against salt stress. Brassinolides are the source of plants' adaptability and survival as they increase the ability of plants to balance the ions, protect against oxidative stress, and manage the osmotic processes. The intricate methodology through which the brassinolides behave in salinity stress interaction should be understood and comprehended most sincerely considering the development of salinity-resistant varieties will be crucial in facing the increasing environment challenges that endanger food security. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Moringa oleifera is highly esteemed as a therapeutic plant in the realm of traditional folk medicine. This plant has been demonstrated in numerous pharmacological tests to possess anticancer properties. Moringa oleifera, a versatile medicinal plant, has garnered significant academic focus and economic appeal due to its pharmacological attributes. The inefficiency of cancer treatment is mostly due to the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Treatments for cancer are in greater demand. Finding novel compounds with the potential to treat various forms of cancer is therefore essential and indispensable. The review presented a contemporary analysis of the effectiveness of Moringa oliefera in the treatment of cancer. Research publications have been searched utilising the following platforms: Elsevier, Springer, Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Pub med, and Scopus. Research the plant species "Moringa oleifera" and its chemical composition, specifically focusing on its potential anticancer properties. The results of the anticancer test demonstrated that Moringa oliefera shown substantial potential as an anticancer agent against many cancer cell lines. The significance of the plant is emphasized in the quest for novel bioactive substances to investigate its therapeutic capabilities in the field of cancer treatment, with the aim of discovering and developing new drugs. © ICMTAS-FCMP 2024.All rights reserved.

Throughout history, medicinal plants have been the primary source for preventing and treating infectious diseases and other health issues. Researchers are conducting investigations to search for novel, affordable, and secure sources of antibiotics, antioxidants, and antidiabetic compounds. The more effective the medicinal plant is, the higher its demand will be, and the likelihood of non-availability will rise. Different parts of the plant must be explored to accommodate the increased demand. The study examined the chemical composition based on the essential oil of Syzygium cumini. The most abundant compound was Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)- (27.5%). Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (9.89%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester (8.36%). The study involves a thorough examination of the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Syzygium cumini leaves. The study lays the groundwork for future research on the specific plant. © ICMTAS-FCMP 2024.All rights reserved.

The research was conducted in 2024 at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, IRAQ, plant cell and tissue culture laboratory. The seeds of digitalis plants, which were procured from the Spanish firm Semill Asfitto, were utilized in an investigation into the impact of gibberellic acid (GA3) and cytokine (BA) on increased vegetative growth characteristics and moist and dry weight, as well as to ascertain the most effective concentration of these substances. In accordance with a completely randomized design (CRD), ten replications of factorial experiments were utilized to conduct the experiments. The initial step was to sterilize the seeds, which were doused in 10% (v/v) sodium hypochlorate solution for five minutes prior to being planted in Mursch and Skoog (MS) medium devoid of growth regulators. Following the germination of the seeds and the cutting of the seedlings, the nodes were extracted for utilization in the multiplication experiments. A range of benzyl adenine (BA) concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg.L-1) and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg.L-1) were utilized. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the optimal concentration for multiplication is not 2.0 mg L-1 of BA, as the mean number of branches reached 2.40. The mean quantity of leaves produced per plant part-1 was 7.22. plant section 1. The concentration of gibberellic acid (GA3) that produced the best results for multiplication was 3.0 mg. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) in cancer patients is becoming more common due to a number of opportunistic bacteria, some of which show high resistance to antibiotics. Objectives: The study aimed to diagnose the most important bacterial causes of BSI in patients with different cancers of both sexes, estimate the sensitivity of bacterial species to antibiotics, and measure immunological factors in the serum of infected patients. Materials and Methods: The study sample included patients hospitalized at Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babil Province. Microbiological tests and immunological assessments were conducted on the study sample from April 2021 to February 2022. The study included 239 patients (with different types of cancers and showing signs of fever) included 126 (52.71%) females and 113 (47.28%) males. Results: 1007 BSI-causing microorganisms were diagnosed among 239 cancer cases. The most common types of microorganisms isolated were Escherichia coli 169 (16.7%) and Klebsiella pneumonia 165 (16.3%). The results showed significant antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for bacterial and fungal isolates causing BSI. Resistance to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol was higher than other antibiotics. The results showed a significant elevation of all immunological factors among the BSI group associated with cancer compared to the control group, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-6. Conclusions: It is necessary to regularly check the prevalence of bacteria and the level of antibiotic resistance in BSI patients. It will help determine whether local rules for the use of antimicrobial agents are appropriate and select appropriate drugs for empirical antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis in high-risk patients. © 2024 Medical Journal of Babylon.

Introduction: Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is a mycotoxin produced by various fungal species such as Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). This study aimed to limit and control the level of CPA production in A. flavus-contaminated wheat flour. Materials and Methods: Wheat flour samples (35 samples) were collected from various locations in Egypt. The fungal contaminations were determined and identified. Pure colonies of A. flavus were maintained and tested for CPA production. Different procedures like ultraviolet (UV) treatment, heat treatment, materials adsorption, and biosorption by Lactobacilli spp. were applied to control and reduce the CPA level. Results: Among 24 samples, 14 A. flavus isolates (58.33%) were able to produce CPA. Yeast sucrose broth was the most favorable medium for CPA production, yielding 290.6 µg/100 ml dry biomass. UV light had an impact on the synthesis of CPA at different exposure ti mes, decreasing by 45.5% after 60 minutes of exposure. CPA levels decreased with increasing temperature and exposure time, with a maximum reduction of 71.1% achieved at 100 °C for 30 minutes. Charcoal was the most effective adsorption material, removing 53.3% of CPA. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) was the most effective biosorbent, removing over 96.0% of CPA. Increasing the inoculum of L. acidophilus cells by 5 × 107 reduced CPA levels by 82.1%. Conclusions: The diversity of abiotic and biotic control measures and their effectiveness may provide new hope for controlling and reducing CPA levels. © 2024 The Author(s).

In the floriculture industry, vegetative propagation is a widely use preserver of cultivar characteristics in roses. The latest study aimed to evaluate the effect of powder and gel forms of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the adventitious root formation of two types of roses, i.e., Hybrid Tea Rose (Mr. Lincolin) and Floribunda (Iceberg). Both types of rose stem cuttings with lengths of 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm received evaluation with the application of Vapor Gard for one, two, and three weeks as an anti-desiccant. The rose cutting with a length of 30 cm treated for three weeks with Vapor Gard provided the maximum rooting percentages of 73%, 76%, 83%, and 83% for Hybrid Tea Rose and Floribunda, respectively. The Floribunda rose cuttings with IBA (gel form) resulted in the utmost percentage of rooted cuttings (93%), root length (15.7 cm), root number (21 per cutting), shoot number (four per cutting), shoot length (19.70 cm), number of leaves (20.0 leaf), and leaf area (19.6 cm2). IBA powder treatment was not significantly different from the IBA gel treatment in the leaf area for Hybrid Tea Rose. However, IBA gel treatment proved to be superior in all other parameters. This method combined IBA applied as a gel with longer cuttings of rose to generate an improved protocol for better rooting in rose stem cuttings. The successful use of this method has enhanced rooting in rose stem cuttings and can be functional for other valuable ornamentals and floricultural species. © Society for the Advancement of Breeding Research in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO) 2024.

In this study, 10 isolates of Aspergillus fungus were isolated from the soil of the rhizosphere and roots of rice, sorghum and barley plants that were cultivated in the areas of Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. The types of isolates were identified by studying their biochemical, morphological, and microscopic characteristics. The results showed that all isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus. The study also estimated the quantity of growth hormones produced by the studied isolates. The study found that 5 isolates, labeled as P1, P2, P5, P7 and P9, had a high efficiency in secreting growth hormones. To determine the effect of growth hormones of Aspergillus fungus on plant growth, a potted experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The bio-inoculation increased the plant height, dry weight of the vegetative/ root parts and root length by 34.15%, 45.77% and 34.97%, respectively compared to control treatment. Likewise, the percentage of nitrogen in bio-inoculated sorghum leaves, vegetative roots and root parts increased by 26.39%, 29.56% and 33.15%, respectively compared to the control treatment where no inoculation was done. © 2024, Gaurav Publications. All rights reserved.

Background and Aim: Paediatric skin conditions are considered as one of the main organ-specific reasons for visiting the primary health care centre In Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predominant types of skin infections among the primary school children, as well as their association with important sociodemographic and epidemiological factors to achieve the third goal of sustainable development (good health and welling being). Case Presentation: In this obseravational study, 16 primary schools were selected, using a sophisticated approach known as a multistage. The total number of participants was 800. Over half of the participants (60%) were from rural areas, whereas 52.5% of the participants were male. Dermatological condition of the cases were eveluated. The skin-related problems of the cases represented 45%. The effects of gender and residency were not significant (P>0.05), while education level of their parents were significantly effective (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections were the main causative agents of the skin diseases among the students, which were significantly related to the parents education level. Copyright © 2024, This is an original open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-noncommercial 4.0 International License which permits copy and redistribution of the material just in noncommercial usage with proper citation.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women, which has higher death-rate than many other cancer types. The most common way to diagnose cervical cancer is to analyze images of cervical cells, which is performed using Pap smear imaging test. Early and accurate diagnosis can save the lives of many patients and increase the chance of success of treatment methods. Until now, various methods have been proposed to diagnose cervical cancer based on the analysis of Pap smear images. Most of the existing methods can be divided into two groups of methods based on deep learning techniques or machine learning algorithms. In this study, a combination method is presented, whose overall structure is based on a machine learning strategy, where the feature extraction stage is completely separate from the classification stage. However, in the feature extraction stage, deep networks are used. In this paper, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network fed with deep features is presented. The number of hidden layer neurons is tuned based on four innovative ideas. Additionally, ResNet-34, ResNet-50 and VGG-19 deep networks have been used to feed MLP. In the presented method, the layers related to the classification phase are removed in these two CNN networks, and the outputs feed the MLP after passing through a flatten layer. In order to improve performance, both CNNs are trained on related images using the Adam optimizer. The proposed method has been evaluated on the Herlev benchmark database and has provided 99.23 percent accuracy for the two-classes case and 97.65 percent accuracy for the 7-classes case. The results have shown that the presented method has provided higher accuracy than the baseline networks and many existing methods. © 2023 by the authors.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known for their significant capability to reconstitute and preserve a functional hematopoietic system in long-term periods after transplantation into conditioned hosts. HSCs are thus crucial cellular targets for the continual repair of inherited hematologic, metabolic, and immunologic disorders. In addition, HSCs can undergo various fates, such as apoptosis, quiescence, migration, differentiation, and self-renewal. Viruses continuously pose a remarkable health risk and request an appropriate, balanced reaction from our immune system, which as well as affects the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, disruption of the hematopoietic system due to viral infection is essential. In addition, patients for whom the risk-to-benefit ratio of HSC transplantation (HSCT) is acceptable have seen an increase in the use of HSCT in recent years. Hematopoietic suppression, BM failure, and HSC exhaustion are all linked to chronic viral infections. Virus infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients, despite recent advancements in the field. Furthermore, whereas COVID-19 manifests initially as an infection of the respiratory tract, it is now understood to be a systemic illness that significantly impacts the hematological system. Patients with advanced COVID-19 often have thrombocytopenia and blood hypercoagulability. In the era of COVID-19, Hematological manifestations of COVID-19 (i.e., thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia), the immune response, and HSCT may all be affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in various ways. Therefore, it is important to determine whether exposure to viral infections may affect HSCs used for HSCT, as this, in turn, may affect engraftment efficiency. In this article, we reviewed the features of HSCs, and the effects of viral infections on HSCs and HSCT, such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, etc. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s).

Research has shown that chloroquine (CQ) can effectively help control COVID-19 infection. B24N24 nanocage is a drug delivery system. Thus, through density functional theory, the present study analyzed pristine nanocage-CQ interaction and CQ interaction with Si- and Al -doped nanocage. The findings revealed that nanocage doping, particularly with Si and Al, yields more satisfactory drug delivery for CQ due to their greater electronic and energetic characteristics with CQ. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in the world, which has a high mortality rate due to high invasiveness, early metastases, lack of specific symptoms, and high invasiveness. Recent studies have shown that exosomes can be essential sources of biomarkers in pancreatic cancer. Over the past ten years, exosomes have been implicated in multiple trials to prevent the growth and metastasis of many cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Exosomes also play essential roles in immune evasion, invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, and cancer stemness. Exosomes help cells communicate by carrying proteins and genetic material, such as non-coding RNAs, including mRNAs and microRNAs. This review examines the biological significance of exosomes in pancreatic cancer and their functions in tumor invasion, metastasis, treatment resistance, proliferation, stemness, and immune evasion. We also emphasize recent advances in our understanding of the main functions of exosomes in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH

This research was carried out in quail in a special place of the laboratory from 6/9/2018 through 23/11/2018 to detect effects of adding the alcoholic extract of propolis on the ovulation and fertility rate in the ovary and oviduct of quail. Eight groups and repetitions for each group were employed. Groups were homogenous in weights and were placed in 13 cages. Each group consists of 10 quail. In the first treatment (T1), quails were fed on regular feed without supplementation. Quails were fed in the second treatment (T2) by adding the alcoholic extract of propolis in an amount of 200 mg kg-1. The third group (T3) was the same as normal food after adding propolis alcoholic extract at a concentration of 400 mg kg-1. The results of the histological study showed that T3 (adding 400 mg kg-1) led to a physiological reproductive activity and an increase in the ovulation rate (%) than the normal limit and an elevation in the fertility rate without the appearance of unpleasant side effects or pathological or macroscopic or histological changes. The alcoholic extract of propolis led to the growth and increase of the ciliated and ciliated epithelial layer cells in their numbers and shapes in the oviduct, despite the rapid growth and rapid ovulation, unless there was no change in the shape of the egg or a change in its components. © The Author(s).

Preface: Coronavirus has several mechanisms that facilitate its entry into the target cell such as cholesterol by acting concurrently with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) at entry site, where the virus uses it to increase its entry and spread. We conducted a practical research for measuring Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG) and Lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in COVID-19 patients. Objectives: The aim of this research is to see the correlation between Cholesterol, TG and Lactate dehydrogenase and the severity of coronavirus infection. Methods: This study is made at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital during the period from March 2021 to July 2021 and it was performed on two groups: patients group that involved 30 samples (15 male and 15 female), age ranging from 18 to 84 years old and another group consisting of 30 individuals who were not infected with SARS-CoV-2. Results: Our findings show that the high value for markers under this study associated with coronavirus was detected in lactate dehydrogenase (505.07±26.934 IU/l), (227.83±24.660 Mg/dl) for TG and (227.53±19.805 Mg/dl) for cholesterol. High concentration of cholesterol is shown in the age category between 54 and 64 years is represented as (487 Mg/dl and 502 Mg/dl), TG at ages 42, 54 and 64 years is represented as 497, 509 and 521 Mg/dl, Lactate dehydrogenase at ages 80-84 years that represented is as 739, 809 and 812 IU/l. According to physiological parameters which were elevated, a high concentration was observed in almost both sexes, as males were more affected than females when determining cholesterol at (500 Mg/dl), while females had more than males with respect to lactate dehydrogenase and TGs at (520 Mg/dl and 800 IU/l), respectively. In the correlation test, we found the highest significant differences, according to the correlation test, between cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase at (1) cholesterol and TG at (0.000), TG and lactate dehydrogenase at (0.739). Conclusions: We conclude that COVID-19 patients suffer from increased markers under the studies on cholesterol, TG and lactate dehydrogenase. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.

Nephrotic syndrome is a common pediatric kidney disease characterized by leakage of protein from the blood to the urine through damaged glomeruli. It is classically defined as nephrotic range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. In children with nephrotic syndrome, it is probable to determine a hypothyroid state because of significant loss of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the presence of proteinuria. This study aimed to evaluate the thyroid function in children with nephrotic syndrome and its correlation with the state of patients (relapse or remission). Methods: A comparative study was carried out on total of 60 patients with nephrotic syndrome (divided into two equal groups of 30 with remission and 30 with relapse) in the age group from 1-18 years who admitted to department of nephrology in Babylon teaching hospital for Maternity and children from November 2020 to May 2021, serum albumin, serum cholesterol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine( T4 )were done to all patients and the result compared. Result: The mean age of patients was (5.74 ± 3.77) years; most patients (N=42, 70.0%) were male. Hypothyroidism represents (N=19, 31.7%) of patients with nephrotic syndrome, while patients with normal thyroid function (euthyroid) represented (N=41, 68.3%). Significant differences existed between the means of TSH and T4 according to the patient's state (remission or relapse). There was a significant association between the state of patients and thyroid function tests. Among patients with relapse (N=19, 63.3%) presented with hypothyroidism and (N=11, 36.7%) of patients presented with normal thyroid function (euthyroid state), while among those with remission, all patients (N=30, 100%) presented with normal thyroid function (euthyroid state). In conclusion, hypothyroidism is more common in nephrotic syndrome patients during relapse, so it's important to assess thyroid function during relapse. © 2023, Clinical Biotec, Universidad Catolica del Oriente (UCO). All rights reserved.

This research was conducted in the field of poultry of the Department of Animal Production Techniques for the period 6/9/2011 until 23/11/2011 in order to study the effect of adding alcoholic extract of ginger, propolis and cinnamon (cinnamon) in reducing cholesterol in the yolk and white of quail eggs, which was used in the research 280 one-day-old quail chicks were divided into seven groups with two replicates for each group. The groups were homogeneous in weights and placed in 13 kanna, each group contained 40 chicks and 20 chicks for each repeater. In the first treatment, the chicks were fed on a regular diet without addition and the chicks were fed In the aggregates of the second treatments on the regular ration, the alcoholic extract of ginger was added at a concentration of 150 mg/kg, while the third group was the same as the normal ration after adding the alcoholic extract of ginger at a concentration of 300 mg/kg of feed, while the chicks in the fourth group were fed the same regular ration but it contained the alcoholic extract For propolis at a concentration of 300 mg / kg, for the fifth groups, the alcoholic extract of propolis at a concentration of 400 mg / kg was added to the ration, and the sixth group was fed after The alcoholic extract was added to the students at a concentration of 200 mg/kg, while the seventh group was fed a ration to which the alcoholic extract was added to the students at a concentration of 400 mg/kg. The chicks were weighed weekly, the weekly weight increases and the weekly amounts of feed consumed for each treatment were calculated, and the feed conversion factor was calculated. The results of the research indicated a highly significant effect (P<0.01) in the average body weights and weekly weight increases for chicks, a highly significant decrease in the quantities of feed consumed weekly for chicks, and an improvement in the feed conversion coefficient as a result of adding alcoholic extract to you from ginger, propolis and students. © 2023 AIP Publishing LLC.

Objective: The study was conducted on quail in a specialized area of the laboratory of histopathological disorders from September 6th to November 23rd, 2018. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of adding an alcohol extract of Propolis on ovarian and oviduct tissue ovulation and fertility rates in quail. The method is as follows: Enter into the study eight groups with replicates within each group. Weight matched groups were housed in 13 cages. Each group consists of ten birds of five different weights. In the first treatment, the quails were fed a standard diet without supplementation, and in the second treatment, the quails were fed a standard diet supplemented with alcoholic propolis extract 200 mg/kg. The third group has the same components as the regular diet but contains 400 mg/kg of propolis alcohol extract. The results: The histological study indicated that supplementing the standard quail diet with an alcoholic extract of Propolis at a concentration of 400 mg/l resulted in physiological reproductive activity, an increase in the percentage of ovulation above the normal limit, and an increase in the fertility rate, all without the appearance of undesirable side effects or pathological, macroscopic, or histological changes associated with standard quail feeding. Despite fast development and ovulation, the alcoholic extract of Propolis increased the quantity and form of ciliated and ciliated epithelium layer cells in the oviduct, unless the shape of the egg or its components changed. © 2023 Author(s).

Background: A high level of hemoglobin at birth is one of the iron reserves needed by infants to deal with iron deficiency anemia. This study aimed to assess the iron status in neonates born by cesarean section and the effect of maternal characteristics and other laboratory measures on neonatal iron levels. Moreover, it was designed to investigate anemia and identify its factors. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted in 2022 on 50 neonates by caesarean section in Babylon Hospital, Iraq. Serum ferritin and other laboratory parameters from neonatal umbilical cord blood were measured in addition to others that had been recorded for both neonates and their mothers. Results: The data were analyzed using the t-test. Out of 50 neonates, 8 infants had low serum ferritin levels and 4 of these 8 had anemia, and 6 of them were born to mothers from rural areas. The mean maternal age of neonates with low serum ferritin was significantly higher than those with normal or high serum ferritin. The results showed that the place of residence and its clean climate and healthy nutrition can have a direct effect on the ferritin level. No significant effect of serum ferritin on WBC, reticulocytes, and platelet counts was observed in this study. Conclusion: Anemia is significantly associated with low serum ferritin neonates; in addition, maternal age and residence have significant effects on neonatal serum ferritin. Considering the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in mothers and even in mothers with proper nutrition, iron deficiency in the mother leads to a decrease in the baby's reserves and makes him susceptible to iron deficiency in the first months after birth. The importance of using iron supplements during pregnancy becomes clearer, and one should not be satisfied only with diet. Due to the adverse effects of increasing the number of pregnancies on the mother's iron reserves, appropriate spacing should be observed. © 2023 Mahdi AH et al.

Using microorganisms to make this nanomaterial is a new research technique. In a culture medium, Trichophyton rubrum was permitted to biosynthesis silver nanoparticles. This study used Trichophyton rubrum, a dermatophytes fungus, to make silver nanoparticles. These species' clinical strains were produced in a medium containing mineral salt and cultured for 5-7 days at 25°C. Each culture's cell-free filtrate was taken and used to make AgNps in the presence of 1 mM AgNO3. The reduction of Ag+ ions in metal nanoparticles was virtually studied by observing the colour of the solution, which changed to a reddish-light brown after 72 hours. SEM was used to establish the presence of AgNo3. The presence of AgNPs was confirmed by SEM, which revealed that they are primarily spherical and 100nm in size. Furthermore, the findings showed that silver nanoparticles have antifungal activity against both infections in a concentration-dependent manner. At (150 ppm) of AgNPs, the growth decreased. Copyright © 2022 by.

The interaction between heavy metals in the environment and DNA still under investigation, the association of cadmium and DNA repair was conducted in a current smdy represented by apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease (APED Aspl48Glu (rs3136820) and X-ray repair cross-complementing group l(XRCCl) Arg399Gln (28152) G>A, using CTTP-PCR. results showed non-significant changes of Cd (p 0.965) in the station workers and the control group. The Cd level in station workers according to work type showed non-significant differences (p 0.291). The APE1 genotyping in study groups showed significant association with all genotypes in station workers (p 0.009. p 0.024). non-significant association with allele frequency (p 0.066). The association XRCC 1 genotyping showed non-significant results (p 0.479,0.0311), and non-significant with allele frequency (p 0.164). The distribution of APE 1 and XRCC 1 genotyping in the station workers according to work types showed non-significant association with APE 1 (p 0. 255), and significant with allele frequency (p 0.000). The XRCC1 showed non-significant association of GA. GG and workers (p 0.265) and significant association of G allele (p 0.001). The Cd levels, according to APE land XRCC1 genotyping showed non-significant differences (p 0.193. p 0.0.76) respectively, conclusion: a significant association of APE 1 with station workers, but didn't association with Cd level and non-significant association of XRCC 1 genotyping with station works and Cd level. © 2009 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is highly aggressive with poor patient outcomes, and a deeper understanding of ovarian cancer tumorigenesis could help guide future treatment development. We proposed an optimized hit network-target sets model to systematically characterize the underlying pathological mechanisms and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in human ovarian cancer. Using TCGA data, we constructed an epithelial ovarian cancer regulatory network in this study. We use three distinct methods to produce different HNSs for identification of the driver genes/nodes, core modules, and core genes/nodes. Following the creation of the optimized HNS (OHNS) by the integration of DN (driver nodes), CM (core module), and CN (core nodes), the effectiveness of various HNSs was assessed based on the significance of the network topology, control potential, and clinical value. Immunohistochemical (IHC), qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were adopted to measure the expression of hub genes and proteins involved in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We discovered that the OHNS has two key advantages: the network’s central location and controllability. It also plays a significant role in the illness network due to its wide range of capabilities. The OHNS and clinical samples revealed the endometrial cancer signaling, and the PI3K/AKT, NER, and BMP pathways. MUC16, FOXA1, FBXL2, ARID1A, COX15, COX17, SCO1, SCO2, NDUFA4L2, NDUFA, and PTEN hub genes were predicted and may serve as potential candidates for new treatments and biomarkers for EOC. This research can aid in better capturing the disease progression, the creation of potent multi-target medications, and the direction of the therapeutic community in the optimization of effective treatment regimens by various research objectives in cancer treatment. © 2022 by the authors.

The present work was suggested to study the relation 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) with ROS level and hOGG1 gene polymorphism in depression disorder patients, blood samples were collected from study groups to estimate ROS and 8-oxo-dG in addition to DNA extraction to detection hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism using SSCP technique, The results show that there was non-significant in 8-oxo-dG level (P=0.174) and significant differences (P=0.174) in ROS level in study groups, The correlation coefficient between ROS and 8-oxo-dG in shows weak positive correlation in patients group (r-0.188, P 0.426) and non-significant weak invers corelation in control group (r-0.074, P 0.719), the target sequence of hOGG gene was amplified to produced 290 pb and genotyping shows three patterns include (3,2 and single haplotype). The pattern of 3 haplotypes didn't observed in patients while appeared in high percentage of control (61.535%) in significant differences (P=0.0046), the 2 haplotypes pattern was more frequent in patient (73.68%) than control group (7.69%) in significant differences (P 0.010), the single haplotypes was recorded in low percentage in patients (26.31%) than control group (30.76%),The impact of hOGG1 gene polymorphisms in the 8-oxodG and ROS levels show non-significant differences among haplotypes, the 2 haplotypes causes elevation in the 8-oxo-dG in patients while causes decrement in control group, the single haplotypes causes decreasing in the 8-oxo-dG in patients than control group and finally slightly differences were observed in ROS level among haplotypes in study groups. From present study can be concluded the 8-oxo-dG and ROS were strong related with depression and strong associated with OGG1 Ser326Cys gene polymorphism. © 2021 Al-Terehi MN et al.

A total samples were collected during the period from April, 2017 to June, 2017. It included the isolation and identification of 20 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from 80 samples collected from different clinical and environmental sources. The distributions of these isolates were 14(70%) from 40 burn samples, 4(20%) from 25 samples of urinary tract infections, 2(10%) from 15 samples of operative rooms. The isolates were identified according to cultural properties, microscopic, biochemical test and confirmed by VITEK 2 system compact. © 2019 Connect Journal.

This study was carried out during the period from Jan. / 2017 to July/2017. It included the isolation and identification of (7) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from 80 samples of sewage water. The isolates were identified according to cultural, microbiological, biochemical and by VITEK 2 system compact. Also five pre-diagnosed clinical samples of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from the AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital. One type Acinetobacter baumannii phage was isolated from 60 samples of sewage water according to difference in shape and diameter of the plaques primarily named Phage A. Characteristics of these phages were determined by the plaques appearance, diameter, turbidity and the presence of a halo in the culture media. Infection of Acinetobacter baumannii by phage exhibited the clear plaques on the surface of nutrient agar. The results showed that the highest adsorption rate of isolated phage on bacterial cells was about 4-8 minutes, phage particles have an eclipse time about 7 minutes. The maximum lysis activity of phages was documented in about two hours, while complete lysis time was about 6 hours. The calculated data showed that the burst size was about 15±5 pfu\cell in time period about 12 minutes. The results also showed that the Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from sewage water were more susceptible to phage infection than isolates from clinical cases. The isolated phage reached the maximum activity in the neutral medium between pH 6.5-7.5. This activity declined after pH 9. At temperature between 35-40oC the phage activity was not affected but it decreased continuously when temperature increased to 50oC. At 55oC the activity dramatically reduced and diminished in about 8-10 minutes. The phage host range was determined and the lytic phage infected all A. baumannii isolates, were isolated from the different environmental and clinical sources. While, it was unable to infect other genera that used in this study (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris). © 2019 Connect Journal.