Scopus Research — Ameer Sabah Sahib Aljibawi

With the help of both theoretical as well as experimental research, in vitro binding research with CT-DNA (calf thymus) and BSA (bovine serum albumin) were carefully examined to figure out the chemotherapeutic and pharmacokinetic facets of the Erbium complex, which contains 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen). The binding characteristics and the mechanism of complex’s interaction with DNA as well as the protein were determined utilizing fluorescence quenching method. Findings indicated that the complex’s interaction with DNA via groove binding into DNA's minor grooves, with their binding constants falling within the 104 M−1 range. Furthermore, thermodynamic characteristics and the fluorescence emission of the tryptophan residues of the protein were obtained through fluorescence quenching studies at different temperatures. According to the results of the binding constants, the protein’s interactions with the Er- complex were moderate, demonstrating that the compound may be transported effectively by the protein. Molecular docking results supported that of the experimental research. The HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, along with the normal human fibroblast cell line, were used in an MTT assay evaluation of the Er-complex cytotoxicity. The Er-complex displayed a selective inhibitory effect on the proliferation of different cancer cells. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Interested medicinal essential oils had important role in combating various diseases, including skin and soft tissue diseases therefore the purpose of study to design, prepare and evaluate an antibacterial myrtle oil nanoemulgel and compare their efficacy against two bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Nanoemulsions was prepare and pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed including three of structural components wthich are myrtle oil, polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate and propylene glycol mixture 3:1 (w/w)% and double distilled water using the microwaves-based method. Six samples of nanoemulsion (N1-N6) were selected for characterization process and preparation nanoemulgel (G1-G6). Blank gel (G7) was also prepared to compare the antibacterial activity against G1-G6 formulations. The myrtle oil nanoemulgel (G1-G6) formulations were subjected for different evaluation. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was statistical test, where the level at (P≤0.05) was kept as significant value. The outcomes indicate that N1-N6 formulations has acceptable physicochemical features. The evaluation process for G1-G6 formulations indicate translucent, homogenous, with distinctive odor of essential oil represented by myrtle oil and no syneresis, slightly acidic pH, spreadability were (126.033 to 86.361g*cm/sec), non-Newtonian plastic flow, no skin irritation and obvious antimicrobial activity. The preparation of essential oil nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel formulations were exhibited suitable characterization, physical stability and antimicrobial activity that made it promise delivery system for treatment skin and soft tissue infection. © RJPT All right reserved.

The metabolism of cancer has been an interesting hallmark and metabolic reprogramming, especially the change from oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria to glucose metabolism known as glycolysis occurs in cancer. The molecular profile of glycolysis, related molecular pathways and enzymes involved in this mechanism such as hexokinase have been fully understood. The glycolysis inhibition can significantly decrease tumorigenesis. On the other hand, circRNAs are new emerging non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules with potential biological functions and aberrant expression in cancer cells which have received high attention in recent years. CircRNAs have a unique covalently closed loop structure which makes them highly stable and reliable biomarkers in cancer. CircRNAs are regulators of molecular mechanisms including glycolysis. The enzymes involved in the glycolysis mechanism such as hexokinase are regulated by circRNAs to modulate tumor progression. Induction of glycolysis by circRNAs can significantly increase proliferation rate of cancer cells given access to energy and enhance metastasis. CircRNAs regulating glycolysis can influence drug resistance in cancers because of theirimpact on malignancy of tumor cells upon glycolysis induction. TRIM44, CDCA3, SKA2 and ROCK1 are among the downstream targets of circRNAs in regulating glycolysis in cancer. Additionally, microRNAs are key regulators of glycolysis mechanism in cancer cells and can affect related molecular pathways and enzymes. CircRNAs sponge miRNAs to regulate glycolysis as a main upstream mediator. Moreover, nanoparticles have been emerged as new tools in tumorigenesis suppression and in addition to drug and gene delivery, then mediate cancer immunotherapy and can be used for vaccine development. The nanoparticles can delivery circRNAs in cancer therapy and they are promising candidates in regulation of glycolysis, its suppression and inhibition of related pathways such as HIF-1α. The stimuli-responsive nanoparticles and ligand-functionalized ones have been developed for selective targeting of glycolysis and cancer cells, and mediating carcinogenesis inhibition. © 2023

The metastasis a major hallmark of tumors that its significant is not only related to the basic research, but clinical investigations have revealed that majority of cancer deaths are due to the metastasis. The metastasis of tumor cells is significantly increased due to EMT mechanism and therefore, inhibition of EMT can reduce biological behaviors of tumor cells and improve the survival rate of patients. One of the gaps related to cancer metastasis is lack of specific focus on the EMT regulation in certain types of tumor cells. The gastric and bladder cancers are considered as two main reasons of death among patients in clinical level. Herein, the role of EMT in regulation of their progression is evaluated with a focus on the function of miRNAs. The inhibition/induction of EMT in these cancers and their ability in modulation of EMT-related factors including ZEB1/2 proteins, TGF-β, Snail and cadherin proteins are discussed. Moreover, lncRNAs and circRNAs in crosstalk of miRNA/EMT regulation in these tumors are discussed and final impact on cancer metastasis and response of tumor cells to the chemotherapy is evaluated. Moreover, the impact of miRNAs transferred by exosomes in regulation of EMT in these cancers are discussed. © 2023

We undertook density functional theory (DFT) computations for evaluating the capability of a B3O3 monolayer as a carrier for delivering cyclophosphamide (CP). Also, the properties of CP, the B3O3 monolayer carrier, and those of the complex of the CP-B3O3 monolayer were measured for determining the efficacy of the B3O3 monolayer as a carrier of CP. The interaction between the monolayer and CP demonstrated that the adsorption of CP over the monolayer is favorable in terms of energy and the adsorption energy ranged from −7.89 to −43.11 kcal/mol and −5.02 to −32.66 kcal/mol in the gas phase and in the water media respectively. Moreover, the change in the band gap of the B3O3 monolayer was considerable. According to frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis which was also confirmed by the results of NBO, the excitation from the HOMO to the LUMO involved charge transport from CP to the B3O3 monolayer. We can conclude that the B3O3 monolayer can be utilized as a highly efficient carrier for delivering CP. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

s: Reports indicate that renal injury or damage results in high mortality. Aim: To evaluate the beneficial aspects of hesperetin in treating kidney injury in male mice caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Materials and Method: Twenty-eight male Swiss Albino mice with weight range of 35–38 g at 12–16 weeks old were gathered into 4 groups; each group had seven mice, as follows: group I (sham group) undergone all research surgical techniques, with the exception of the use of vascular clamps for occlusion and reperfusion on the pedicles. group II (IR group) was subjected to reperfusion and ischemia. group III (DMSO group), Hesperetin's solvent is (DMSO)dimethyl sulfoxide was subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg of DMSO 30 min prior to the exposure to renal IR processes under anesthesia. group IV (hesperetin treated group) was subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of hesperetin 30 min before being subjected to IR procedures while sedated. Mice underwent euthanization, and then a blood sample from the heart was taken to measure the levels of urea, creainine, MDA, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the serum. Bilateral nephroctomy was performed and the kidney sample underwent homogenization so that the tissue markers can be measured (IL1 and IL6). A part of the kidney sample was placed in paraffin blocks with a 10% formalin solution. and prepared for histological examination. Results: The results demonstrated that the average (mean) tissue levels of (IL1, IL6, and MDA), also the mean serum concentration of (urea and creatinine) and the histopathological changes scores compared to the sham group, increased significantly (P< 0.05) in the IR group, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) was reduced compared with other groups. In the hesperetin treated group, the mean levels of IL1, IL6, and MDA as well as the mean urea and creatinine levels in the blood underwent significant (P<0.05) reduction. Similarly, the histopathological changes scores were decreased, while the glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) activity was higher compare with other groups Hesperetin reduces kidney injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion through their pleiotropic effects by modulating the inflammation pathway and oxidative activity. © 2023 Nsoe et al.; Licensee Cosmos Scholars Publishing House.

The 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz), [Ru(μ-tptz)2]Cl2 and [Fe(μ-tptz)2]Cl2, complexes containing Ru (1) and Fe (2) are created. Using electronic absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, viscosity measurement and electrochemistry, as well as two complexes with Fish Salmon DNA (FS-DNA), the binding interactions of these complexes were investigated. According to binding assays, complexes bind to DNA through a mild intercalation mechanism, most likely via the DNA helix's base pairs being intercalated by the tptz ligand. Additionally, complex (2) is more capable of binding than complex (1). The electrochemical method offers a quick and easy way to determine the binding constant (Kb). The antibacterial performance of these complexes versus Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was examined using the zone of inhibition test, MIC, and MBC method, and the results revealed that complex (2) exhibits strong antibacterial activity against these bacteria. The outcomes of this investigation will help in understanding DNA interaction mechanisms as well as the creation of a prospective one. Additionally, the density functional theory (DFT) computation included probes of DNA structure and conformation as well as potential pharmacological regulators for particular disorders to fully explain the experimental results. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Rasagiline is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) that is effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It had antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity in experimental models. Moreover, it has low permeability and its oral bioavailability is weak and highly variable due to extensive firstpass hepatic metabolism (35%). This study aimed to formulate rasagiline mesylate (RM) as a lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle in order to enhance its permeation and increase its chance to be absorbed by lymphatic circulation to avoid metabolism and control its release. Successful formulation (PCL-2) was reached by the nanoprecipitation method using polycaprolactone with RM in the organic phase and lecithin in the aqueous phase DSPE-PEG. The lipid:polymer ratio of 24% and DSPE: lecithin of 50% resulted in stable nanoparticles having a particle size of 132±4.58 nm, polydispersity index of 0.273±0.02, zeta potential of -25.6±3.3, entrapment efficiency of 46±3.9%, and drug loading of 51.93±6.5. Results showed that the diffusion was more effective on the release profile than the degradation and resulted in a Fickian diffusion mechanism. © 2023 by.

Chlorambucil (CBL) is an efficient anticancer drug. It is a lipophilic agent with serious adverse effects. The objective of this study was to formulate a CBL-loaded nanolipid carrier and target breast cancer using folic acid as a targeting probe. Characterizations of the optimum formulation were 79.9±3% EE after the addition of 4mg CBL, 119±6nm particle size which is considered appropriate for parenteral use, 0.3±0.02 PDI, -42±1mV ZP that stabilized the formulation. Tumor volume, body weight, and tumor mass weight were recorded to evaluate tumor volume doubling time, tumor growth inhibition rate, and systemic toxicity. It appeared there was a significant antitumor activity of targeted formulation compared with non-targeted one and free CBL. Moreover, the systemic toxicity was less after body weight evaluation concerning the targeted formulation when compared with other formulations. © Sahib AS et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.